An overview of the process of the formation of China s semi barren land and semi feudal society? No

"Semi-colonial" is politically defined as the loss of some, but not all, of its independent sovereignty; Economically, it refers to China's gradual involvement in the world capitalist market and its degeneration into a source of raw materials and a commodity market for capitalist countries; Culturally, it is manifested as "learning from the West to the East". "Semi-feudal" means that formally it is still feudal rule, the natural economy is still dominant, and in fact the society has gradually modernized. The process of the formation of the two halves of society is:

As a result of the aggression of the capitalist powers, China opened its doors to the open and semi-colonization and semi-feudalism at the same time. The important nodes are as follows: 1842

In the Opium War, China was defeated and the Treaty of Nanjing was signed, and China began to degenerate into a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society. In the Second Opium War, China was defeated and signed a series of unequal treaties such as the Treaty of Tianjin and the Treaty of Beijing, deepening China's semi-colonial and semi-feudal status. 1895.

After China's defeat in the First Sino-Japanese War, China signed the Treaty of Shimonoseki with Japan, and the degree of semi-colonial and semi-feudal Chinese society was greatly deepened. 1901.In the Eight-Nation Alliance's war of aggression against China, China was defeated and the "Xinchou Treaty" was signed, which marked China's complete fall into a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society.

(1) The First Opium War caused China to lose its independent status and began to degenerate into a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, and the nature of Chinese society underwent great changes.

2) The Second Opium War deepened the degree of semi-colonization of China as a result of the foreign invading forces from the coast to the interior, from the southeast coast to the northeast coast.

3) The defeat in the First Sino-Japanese War and the signing of the Treaty of Shimonoseki greatly accelerated the process of semi-colonization of China.

4) The Eight-Nation Alliance's war of aggression against China in 1900 and the Treaty of Xinchou signed in 1901 finally made China a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society.

2. Formation factors.

1) Internal factors.

Unlike developed countries in Europe and other places, China at that time was in the form of a feudal society for a long time, forming a more powerful natural economy than European countries. The long-term feudal society has made the people lack sufficient understanding of the world situation, and the whole society has a general Chinese-centric mentality and rejects foreign cultures. Under the condition that the commodity economy was not very developed and the natural economy was absolutely dominant, the phenomenon of wage labor was difficult to develop due to the ideological constraints of the time.

As a result, the social productive forces have stagnated, and there is a huge gap between the national strength and the capitalist countries. politically controlled by a foreign country, controlling customs duties for the purpose of dumping goods; Factories were established through the establishment of concessions. As a result, the state is under the control of capitalism on all fronts, but there is still formal sovereignty.

2) External factors.

With the unprecedented development of the productive forces of the capitalist countries after the industrial revolution, the interests of the Chinese market at that time were no longer sufficient to meet the needs of the bourgeoisie; At the same time, the production of large quantities of goods requires sufficient raw materials and labor to sustain it. In this way, the possession of a feudal state with abundant raw materials, a vast market, and cheap labor became the primary goal of the bourgeoisie. The attitude of the capitalist countries** towards economic development is liberal and mercantilist, using the state apparatus to defend the bourgeoisie of the country, and seeking colonies for the capitalist development of the country through diplomacy, economics and even force.

For countries that use barriers to close their markets, they will all be resolved by force, and then the legal basis for opening the market will be determined by unequal treaties. With the continuous strengthening of external factors, eventually the colonial tendency of the former semi-colonial and semi-feudal society will become more and more obvious.

(1) The beginning - the signing of the Treaty of Nanking in the Opium War;

2) Deepening – the Second Opium War;

3) greatly deepened - the signing of the Treaty of Shimonoseki;

4) Completely reduced to a semi-colony - the signing of the Treaty of Xincho.

Brief introduction: 1. After the Opium War, Britain and other Western powers forced the Qing Dynasty to sign the first batch of unequal treaties such as the Treaty of Nanjing, and the nature of China's society changed, and China began to degenerate into a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society.

2. In the Second Opium War, the Great Powers forced the Qing Dynasty to sign the second batch of unequal treaties such as the Treaty of Tianjin, the Treaty of Beijing, and the Treaty of Aihui, which caused China to lose more territory and sovereignty, and the degree of semi-colonization was further deepened.

In the sixties and seventies of the century, Chinese capitalism emerged, China's economic structure changed, the feudal economy gradually disintegrated, and at the same time, China's economy increasingly fell into the capitalist world market. In this way, China's economy took on the characteristics of a semi-colonial and semi-feudal economy.

In the sixties and seventies of the century, there was a crisis in China's border areas. 1883 1885 Sino-French War, the national crisis gradually deepened.

5. During the First Sino-Japanese War, Japan forced the Qing Dynasty to sign the Treaty of Shimonoseki, and the economic aggression of the great powers against China developed from the export of commodities to the stage of capital export. Imperialism set off a frenzy to carve up China, and moved towards unity, with the same interests.

6. After the Eight-Nation Alliance's war of aggression against China, the foreign powers forced the Qing Dynasty to sign the "Xinchou Treaty", and Chinese society completely fell into the abyss of semi-colonial and semi-feudal society.

1.The main contradiction in modern China.

Imperialism. contradictions with the Chinese nation; The contradiction between feudalism and the masses of the people is the main contradiction in modern China. The two main contradictions in modern Chinese society are intertwined, and the contradiction between imperialism and the Chinese nation is the most important contradiction.

2.Social nature.

Chinese society is semi-colonial and semi-feudal.

A semi-colonial and semi-feudal society in Chinese society.

It is the foreign capitalism of China in modern times.

Under the conditions of the invasion of forces and their combination with the forces of Chinese feudalism, a deformed social form subordinate to the capitalist world system gradually took shape.

Chinese society before the Opium War was feudal. After the Opium War, with the invasion of foreign capital-imperialism, the nature of Chinese society underwent fundamental changes: independent China gradually became a semi-colonial China; Feudal China gradually turned into semi-feudal China.

3.Basic features:

First, the capitalist-imperialist invading forces have not only gradually manipulated China's financial and economic lifelines, but also gradually controlled China's politics, becoming increasingly the decisive force dominating China.

Second, China's feudal forces are declining day by day and colluding with foreign invading forces, becoming the social foundation and ruling pillar of capital-imperialist oppression and enslavement of the Chinese people.

Third, China's natural economy.

Although the foundation was destroyed, the land ownership system of feudal landlords, the foundation of the feudal exploitation system, was still maintained in a vast area, and became China's move towards modernization.

and serious obstacles to democratization.

Fourth, although China's emerging national capitalist economy has emerged and played a certain role in political and cultural life, under the oppression of imperialist feudalism, its development is very slow and its strength is very weak, and most of it is more or less connected with foreign capital, imperialism and domestic feudalism.

Fifth, because modern China was under the contention and indirect rule of the capitalist-imperialist powers, the economic, political, and cultural development of various regions in modern China was extremely unbalanced, and China was in a state of disunity for a long time.

Sixth, under the dual oppression of capital, imperialism and feudalism, the broad masses of the Chinese people, especially the peasants, have become increasingly impoverished and bankrupt in large numbers, living a life of hunger and cold and without political power.

China's semi-colonial and semi-feudal society and its characteristics were gradually formed with the expansion of imperialist aggression and the deepening of the integration of imperialism with China's feudal forces.

First, the invading forces of capitalist imperialism have not only gradually manipulated China's financial and economic lifelines, but also gradually controlled China's politics.

and become the decisive force that dominates China.

Second, China's feudal power was declining day by day, and it was colluded with foreign invading forces to become emperors.

Nationalism is a tool of oppression and enslavement of the Chinese people.

Third, although the foundation of China's natural economy has been destroyed, it is the land of the feudal landlords.

The system of ownership is still preserved in a vast area, and it has become a serious obstacle to China's progress towards modernization and democratization.

Fourth, China's emerging national capital.

Although the capitalist economy has emerged, it has developed very slowly under the oppression of imperialism and feudalism.

Fifth, the economy and politics of each region.

and the development of culture is extremely uneven.

Sixth, under the dual oppression of capitalism and feudalism, the broad masses of the Chinese people are increasingly impoverished and hungry.

The cold sex forced a life without political rights.

The basic characteristics of China's semi-colonial and semi-feudal society include the following:

External Aggression and Unequal Treaties: In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, China was invaded and divided by foreign powers, and a series of unequal treaties were signed, making China a semi-colonial country. These treaties have weakened China's sovereignty and economic power, leaving it without control of its domestic affairs.

Feudal legacy: China had a strict hierarchy and land ownership during the feudal period, and these systems did not completely disappear in the process of modernization. The landlord class still occupied a large amount of land and collected high rents from the peasants. The gap between the rich and the poor is huge, and social differentiation is serious.

Backward economy: China has a low degree of industrialization and relies mainly on agriculture and handicrafts. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Western powers carried out colonial and commercial activities in China, dismantling China's traditional handicraft and agricultural production.

China's commodity economy is shrinking, and it is shrinking gradually.

Political corruption: China's political system lags behind the world's advanced countries, political power is concentrated in the hands of a few, and there is a lack of democracy and the rule of law. ** Corruption is rampant, and there is a lack of a fair and impartial judiciary.

Social unrest: In semi-colonial and semi-feudal societies, social unrest is caused by a large gap between the rich and the poor, and fierce social contradictions. Especially at the beginning of the 20th century, China saw a number of large-scale revolutions and uprisings, marking the end of a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society.

The Opium War began to degenerate China into a semi-colonial, semi-feudal society; The Second Opium War further deepened China's semi-colonial and semi-feudal status; The First Sino-Japanese War greatly deepened the degree of semi-colonial and semi-feudalization; The Eight-Nation Alliance's war of aggression against China plunged China into the abyss of a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society.

First of all, China's long-term policy of closing the country to the outside world, coupled with the arrogance and rule of the feudal dynasty, the peasants have been oppressed for a long time, so when doing business with foreign countries, our country is constantly making money, and foreign history is constantly losing money

After the defeat of the Opium War, the Qing Dynasty signed the first unequal treaty in Chinese history, the Treaty of Nanjing, and the Qing Dynasty ceded land and paid compensation, which was the beginning of China's decline into a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society.