2013 Nobel Prize in Physics Why is the Higgs boson called the God particle?

The 2013 Nobel Prize in Physics is more eye-catching than in previous years, not only because many people guessed the outcome a year or two ago, but also because the God particle itself is extremely critical and confirms it.

The theory proposed by the award-winning scientist explains how particles acquire mass, helping mankind to understand the origin of the mass of subatomic particles.

He Hongjian, a professor at Tsinghua University who has long studied the origins of quality, commented: "This is a heavy Nobel Prize. The 'God particle' is the last particle discovered in the 'Standard Model' describing the basic structure of nature, and it can also be said to be the most important particle, which involves the origin of the mass of all elementary particles in nature, hence the name 'God particle'. ”

Rolf Hoyle, director of CERN, said the discovery of the Higgs boson marks the culmination of decades of intellectual effort by many researchers around the world.

According to the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, the discovery of the theory is a great achievement, but the discovery of the Higgs boson is not the final piece of the puzzle to complete the cosmic puzzle. This model only describes what is visible in the universe, accounting for only one-fifth of the entire universe, and more mysterious and unknown areas are yet to be explored by more scientists.

Higgs, an honorary professor at the University of Edinburgh in the United Kingdom, said in a statement through the university that he hoped his award would increase the importance of basic research that "seems to have little real value".

According to the award citation, the research results of the two laureates have provided breakthrough research results for the study of the Higgs boson.

As we all know, quantum mechanics is at the heart of modern physics, and physicists' exploration of the "smallest composition" in the universe continues to this day. From molecules, atoms, to protons, neutrons, and electrons that make up atoms, they may all be familiar to many people.

However, with all kinds of weirdly named quarks (upper quarks, lower quarks, top quarks, odd quarks, etc.), to the discovery of neutrinos, bosons, and the discovery of the Higgs boson in 2012, the general public began to be in the clouds, what are the ......

If we explain it in very simple language, it can be summarized as follows: the classification and action of these particles is actually to explain how microscopic quanta interact with each other and how they stick together to form the macroscopic world as we see it.

In simple terms, elementary particles are divided into two main categories, bosons and fermions.

Fermions are the elementary particles that make up matter and follow the principle of incompatibility.

Bosons, such as photons, act as exchange particles that travel from particle to particle and are responsible for generating interaction forces.

There are 12 kinds of fermions and their corresponding antiparticles in nature, and each of them is a generation, and there are three generations in total

To understand this, it is necessary to understand the interaction forces between particles, and modern physics is to unify these forces and complete the "grand unification".

Gravitational force: Almost negligibleParticles exchange gravitons to produce gravitational force.

Electromagnetic force: It is the interaction between charged particles that binds atoms together; It is the basis of chemical reactions.

Quantum electrodynamics (QED) is a theory that explains the electromagnetic interaction between particles, in which particles generate forces by transferring photons to each other. Quantum electrodynamics was founded by Feynman and other physicists in the 40s of the 20th century, and Feynman also invented the famous "Feynman diagram" to draw this interaction force between particles.

Strong interaction force: binds the nucleus, that is, the part that has protons and neutrons, so that the nucleus will not be torn apart by the mutual repulsion of electromagnetic forces;

Quantum chromodynamics (QCD) explains the strong interaction force, which occurs when quarks exchange gluons with each other. (These particles are called gluons because they stick quarks together.)

Weak interaction forces: The causes of some radioactive phenomena are also one of the forces that take place in the synthesis of atoms inside the star.

The weak interaction force works by exchanging three bosons, a theory that predicts the existence of the Higgs boson.

On July 4, 2017, European and research organizations announced the discovery of the Higgs boson. This is the most significant unification of the first force since Faraday and Maxwell unified the electromagnetic force 150 years ago. ）

If fermions make up matter, then bosons are responsible for generating the forces between them: strong interaction forces, electromagnetic forces, and weak mutual forces. This is the Standard Model of elementary particles.

The real technical term for the God particle is the Higgs boson. To physicists, this is an unnecessary exaggeration. Peter Higgs – who won the Nobel Prize for his work on the mass of subatomic particles – called it the most fundamental particle in physics.

Regardless of whether the Higgs boson is extremely unstable or not, it usually decays immediately at the same time as it is generated, and the collision produces a large number of particles, of which the number of Higgs bosons is very small. So this is a very difficult task, scientists need to repeatedly collide the particle beams, and find clues to the existence of the Higgs boson in the huge amount of experimental data. It was eventually found that he was correct about the new elementary particle, which is a necessary addition to the elementary particle family in the Standard Model of physics.

If social ** has taught us anything, it's that in a culture where ideas spread at an exponential rate, so do misunderstandings. Without context, even a comedy can turn into a tragedy. Does the discovery of the God Particle conclusively prove that God really exists?

If you talk to a physicist and say that the Higgs field is speculated to be based on the theory that in a very high-energy environment, the Higgs field will excite a boson, the "Higgs boson", and if this elementary particle is detected, it will prove the existence of the Higgs field. This is where the Particle Collider comes in handy. Elementary particles in the Standard Model can be divided into fermions and bosons.

Fermions are the particles that make up matter, while bosons are particles that transmit forces between matter, confirming that both matter and radiation are both particle and wave. This is today's wave-particle duality. Thus, each particle is associated with the corresponding field or perturbation that the particle "carries".

For example, we know that the repulsion and gravitational forces between two magnets are electromagnetic interactions, but what you don't know is that the field is carried by photons. Although we can detect a magnetic field by the motion of a magnet, particles that carry a magnetic field cannot. This is because force particles or bosons are invisible, or imaginary, and this model describes three of the four fundamental forces of nature.

According to the strength they can be divided into the strong forces that connect the nuclei of the atoms, which are carried by gluons; Electromagnetic force, which is the most common, we all know that it is precisely because of the mass of elementary particles that they will combine into atoms and molecules, and there will be all things in the world, and the reason why the universe we live in is running in an orderly manner is also the fundamental reason for this. It can be said that without the Higgs field, there would be no everything in the world we have now! The Higgs boson, which confirms the real existence of the Higgs field, is deservedly called the God particle.

In fact, because the Higgs particle is related to the formation of the mass of an object in space, it is only with mass that the particles can be combined into atoms. Only atoms can have molecules. Only molecules can have objects.

Therefore, the Higgs particle is considered to be a particle that shapes everything in the world, without it, people would not see the world, perhaps that is why it is praised as the God particle, in the 60s of the 20th century of the last century, the British physicist Peter Higgs began to try to study the root cause of the mass of matter.

What needs to be known to all of us is that mass is not simply the amount of matter that an object contains, its other meaning is that it is difficult for an object to gain acceleration, for example, if a heavy truck needs to brake or accelerate, it will certainly be much more difficult than a lighter car, which takes a long time and requires a lot of energy, the more difficult it is, the higher the mass. It is said that Higgs was walking in the wild on a whim.

He believed that space is like water, and that objects in water experience resistance when they move, which makes it difficult to move, and therefore, when particles pass through space, they should also bear some kind of obstacle, so they need to pay some price to gain acceleration, which is reflected in the macroscopic world as mass, and this spatial mechanism that makes matter gain mass is called the Higgs field, and elementary particles in the Standard Model can be divided into Fermi and bosons.

Fermions are the particles that make up matter, whereas bosons are particles that transmit force between matter. At the end of the 50s of the 20th century, scientists confirmed that matter and radiation can behave both particles and waves. This is known as wave-particle duality, therefore, each particle is associated with a corresponding field or perturbation carried by the particle, for example, the suppression and attraction between two magnets is an electromagnetic force, but you may not know that this magnetic field is carried by the photon, its particle simulant.

The question of what the Higgs boson is and why it is called the God particle is explained here today.

The Higgs boson is a type of boson with zero spin predicted by the Standard Model of particle physics. The Higgs particle is related to the formation of the mass of an object in space. With mass, particles can be combined into atoms, with atoms, there will be molecules, and with molecules, there will be objects.

It shapes everything in the world, just as God in legend shapes everything, without it, there would be no world that people see, which is why it is praised as the "God particle".

It's just a god particle, and when they collide with each other, a lot of artificial atoms are created, and it's really powerful to find such things.

The mythical God particle: The Higgs boson with its discovery.

The "Higgs particle" is considered to be a particle that shapes everything in the world, without which there would be no world as people see, which is probably why it is praised as the "God particle".

Because the Higgs boson is related to the mass formation of objects in space. The Higgs boson, also known as the Higgs ion, is a component element of the dimension of mass, with mass ions will be combined into atoms, atoms will be combined into molecules, and molecules will further form objects. Therefore, the Higgs ion is considered to be the constituent element of the world, which is why it is called the God ion.

In the sixties of the last century, the British physicist Higgs began to study the root of the mass of matter, mass is actually the difficulty of an object to obtain acceleration, the greater the weight of matter, the more difficult it is to obtain acceleration, in order to define the weight of matter. This is the idea that Higgs had on a whim during this walk, that space is like water, that the movement of matter in water is resisted, and that it takes something to break through this obstacle, and that the acceleration obtained by this is what we call mass.

Later, the European scientific research institution CERN built a large hadron collider in Geneva, scientists tried to accelerate ions to the speed of light, hoping to confirm the existence of the Higgs boson through this method, and finally succeeded in the experiment in 2013, preliminarily confirmed the existence of the Higgs boson, and named the Higgs boson, and then Higgs himself won the Nobel Prize that year.

The discovery of the Higgs boson is a major breakthrough in human physics, a milestone event, proving many previous theories, such as that the vacuum is not empty, and space is not a virtual thing, but has its own properties, and the Higgs boson is verified to exist widely in space, exerting mass to all matter to ensure their gravitational acceleration, and making people realize that even in an absolute vacuum, it can have a real impact on matter.

In addition, the most important thing is that the Higgs boson can break the symmetry, and this disguise will cause the destruction of the electric field, which will be the next research direction for people in the future.

The particle called God is just a prophecy, a theoretical speculation. Each of the lowest energy state positions is not rotationally symmetrical. Of these infinite number of lowest energy states, only one of the lowest energy states can be realized, and the rotational symmetry is thus broken, resulting in a spontaneous symmetry break, so that the gauge boson gains mass, and at the same time a zero-mass boson, called the Goldstone boson, is a particle that accompanies the Higgs field, which is the vibration of the Higgs field.

Because this particle can produce a lot of particles that humans have never seen when they collide, and this is how the previous artificial elements were created, science is really amazing.

Because the discovery of the Hig boson opened up a new research direction for mankind, because of this research direction, the scientific and technological level of human beings has taken a big step forward, so it received such a title.