Who happened to the Empty City Plan in history?

The empty city plan in "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" was put on Zhuge Liang by later generations. And the real empty city plan in history appeared in the Liu and Song dynasties of the Northern and Southern Dynasties.

It was the seventh year of the reign of Emperor Wen of the Song Dynasty, Liu Yilong, in Yuanjia (430 AD). At that time, it was the Northern Wei Tuoba nobles who occupied the north, and the Song Dynasty established by Liu Yu in the south. In the northern part of present-day Shandong Province, along the Yellow River, was the border between the Northern Wei and Song dynasties, and Jinan County on the south bank of the Yellow River was an important place on the border.

This year, the Northern Wei Dynasty sent troops to attack Jinan suddenly, and there were only a few hundred soldiers under Xiao Chengzhi, the Taishou of Jinan, because the enemy came unexpectedly, and it was too late to summon rescuers. Xiao Chengzhi suddenly had a plan, so he called to open the city gate, hide the soldiers, and deliberately pretend to be a mysterious atmosphere. The people of the city said:

There are many thieves, and our army is small, how can we be so light on the enemy? Xiao Chengzhi said: "Now there is a lonely city, and the soldiers are outnumbered, and it is difficult to resist the enemy.

If you show weakness to the enemy again, the consequences will be unimaginable; Only by making the enemy suspect us of ambush and not dare to advance is the best policy. Sure enough, when they saw the appearance outside the city, they were very puzzled, so they withdrew.

In history, the "empty city plan" in the Three Kingdoms"Straw boats borrow arrows"Borrowing the east wind or something is fake, there are no such things in history, from the Jin Dynasty to the literati and artists to beautify the image of Zhuge Liang of the Three Kingdoms, and then until now, wearing more and more lagoons, such as the Romance of the Three Kingdoms or something.

The real "empty city plan" actually existed, it happened to Cao Cao, Cao Cao fought the battle of Lu Bu, once Cao Cao's army went out of the city to collect wheat, Lu Bu attacked the city, and as a result, Cao Cao put a lot of dependents and old and weak women and children on the city tower, just outside the city There was a wood, Lu Bu thought that Cao thief had an ambush, so he withdrew. Waiting for the second time Lu Bu attacked again, this time Cao Cao really ambushed his soldiers in the woods, in fact, the invention right of the "empty city plan" should be Cao Cao, but it was snatched away by Zhuge Liang

The empty city plan was designed by Cao Cao and deceived Lu Bu.

It's Zhuge Liang.

Ming Luo Guanzhong. According to the third event in Guo Chong's "Five Things of Zhuge Liang" (according to folklore), it was rendered into "Romance of the Three Kingdoms".

Ninety-fifth. The plot is the loss of the street pavilion, Sima Yi.

The army approached Xicheng, Zhuge Liang had no soldiers to resist the enemy, but he opened the city gate and stroked the qin in the city tower, Sima Yi suspected that there was an ambush, so he retreated. After the "empty city."

It generally refers to the strategy of concealing the emptiness of one's own power and confusing the other party.

In the actual strategy, risks often coexist with opportunities, interests and successes, "do not enter the tiger's den, but get the tiger's boy", the ingenuity of the empty city plan lies in: we must be good at correctly and timely grasp the other party's strategic background, psychological state, character characteristics, etc., and solve their own crisis with strange strategies at the time, place and person.

During the Three Kingdoms, the reason why Zhuge Liang was able to boldly retreat from the enemy with an "empty city" was that he could accurately feel Sima Yi's cautious, suspicious and weak psychological state, and Zhuge Liang's ingenious and bizarre way of thinking enabled him to successfully resolve the temporary crisis.

During the Three Kingdoms period, Wei sent Sima Yi to attack the Shuguo Street Pavilion, and Zhuge Liang sent Ma Jian to garrison it and failed. Sima Yi led his troops to take advantage of the victory and approached Xicheng, Zhuge Liang did not do a slippery army to meet the enemy, but he was calm and calm, opened the city gate, and played the piano and sang songs on the city tower. Sima Yi suspected an ambush and led his troops to retreat.

When he learned that Xicheng was an empty city and went back to fight again, Zhao Yun rushed back to relieve the siege, and finally defeated Sima Yi.

The most famous folk story of the empty city plan is taken from "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", a story adapted by the author based on the note of Pei Songzhi of the Three Kingdoms "Guo Chong's Three Things". Later, it was used in the Thirty-six Strategies, which means that the virtual and the real are real, and the army is impermanent. The tactic of showing hypocrisy is a kind of psychological warfare in which suspicion arises from suspicion, and is mostly used in situations where the enemy is weak and the enemy is strong.

There are indeed some successful examples of using this strategy in history, such as Zhang Shougui Shouguazhou and so on.

There are in history, but it is not Zhuge Liang: In the spring of the second year of Xingping (195), Cao Cao, who had recovered his breath, once again personally led his army to attack Lü Bu, forcing Lü Bu to retreat.

In the summer, Lü Bu counterattacked, encountered Cao Cao's ambush on the way, and fled in defeat.

Cao Cao scored a major victory over Lü Bu for the first time.

Lü Bu, who was in defeat and retreated, joined up with Chen Gongbu, gathered more than 10,000 troops, and turned around to fight Cao Cao again.

Cao Cao boldly adopted the "empty city plan" bluff, and Lu Bu did not dare to attack rashly.

Cao Cao transferred back a large number of troops overnight.

And Lu Bu knew that Cao Cao's actions yesterday were just a bluff, so he took the initiative to attack early the next morning.

As a result, Cao's army ambushed and defeated Lu Bu.

Lü Bu fled overnight, abandoned Yanzhou, and defected to Liu Bei.

In this war, Cao Cao's performance was very good, he was not discouraged in successive defeats, he was defeated again and again, and inspired the fighting spirit of the whole army with crazy enthusiasm like the fire of the prairie fire, although he was in adversity, he completely overwhelmed Lü Bu in momentum, and finally won the victory.