May I ask whether Tao Hongjing s writings were written on paper or silk

The five rules can satisfy you, and there are various norms of life, including how to read.

1.Papermaking was invented by Cai Lun in 105 AD.

2.In the past, people used a brush to write, and some used hard things to engrave characters on bamboo slips.

3.Because the ancient bamboo slips were used to record things, usually a book will be very heavy and thick after it is written, and the ancient scholars learned to carry a heavy stack of bamboo slips on the car, and some of them were too many to even use several cars to fit, so they were called Xuefu five cars.

4.Paper is more convenient and portable than other writing materials.

5.It spread to the Korean Peninsula, Europe, Japan, Arabia and Inner Mongolia.

6.After the invention of printing in China, it gradually spread abroad, first to Korea, Japan, and other Southeast Asian countries, and then to Europe through Iran and Egypt.

7.Before the invention of printing, books were copied by hand and then disseminated through commercial channels or court connections.

8.Books today are printed by printing presses in printing houses.

Some of them I was looking for, and some of them I read in other books, I hope they will help you.

Cai Lun: I used to use bamboo, and I used to make it in Europe and other regions.

Chisel the wall to steal the light, and the sac fireflies reflect the snow, these two are very classic.

Chiseling the wall to steal the light, the sac firefly reflecting the snow is the most classic.

Zhao Zhongling, read Lu Theory, he is both a scholar, a scholar and diligent. Cloth weaving, cutting bamboo slips. He has no books, and he knows it.

Head overhang, taper thorn strand. He doesn't teach, he works hard. Such as a bag of fireflies, such as reflecting snow, although the family is poor, there is no learning.

Such as negative salary, such as hanging corners, although the body is hard, it is still hard.

Just read the above translation and you'll know.

Sonic Vibration Recorder, which was the earliest original audio recorder. Scott, a French typesetter, bookseller, and writer, was also the inventor of the sonic vibration recorder, which predated Edison's phonograph by 17 years.

On March 25, 1857, Scott obtained a patent for a sonic vibration recorder, and on April 9, 1860, he recorded the song "Aucliel delalune", the oldest known sound in human history.

The earliest tape recorder was called the gramophone, which was born in 1877. The man who invented the gramophone in the world was Thomas Alvar Edison, the world's most famous inventor.

Thomas Alvar Edison experimented with a short needle based on the phenomenon that the diaphragm plate in the microphone vibrates with the sound of speech, and got a lot of inspiration from it. The speed of speech can cause the short needle to vibrate accordingly. Then, in turn, this flutter must also produce the original speaking sound.

So, he began to study the problem of sound reproduction.

Phonograph. Invented by Thomas Edison, a mechanical method of recording sound. It is the prototype of the modern record player (obsolete).

As far as I know, there is a method of recording film films.

It is the photoelectric effect.

The oldest is probably a mirage, the effect of nature's own magnetic field. Not only sound can be recorded, but also moving images can be recorded. Of course, this is not the human way to record it.

Previously, a wire tape recorder was used.

In a narrow sense, Shi Nai'an is the author of "Water Margin". However, it is also said that "Water Margin" is a collaborative work between Shi Nai'an and Luo Guanzhong. There are also said yes.

Luo Guanzhong wrote it by himself. But I think it was Shi Nai'an who wrote it... But I think so.

"Water Margin", also known as "Zhongyi Water Margin", generally referred to as "Water Margin", by the famous writer Shi Nai'an, written in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty, is the first chapter in Chinese history written in vernacular**, is one of the four famous works in China.

Luo Guanzhong is Shi Nai'an's teacher, and it is generally believed that Shi Luo co-authored one hundred copies, and one hundred and twenty books are redundant interpolations for later generations.

Who is the author of "Water Margin", from the Ming Dynasty to the present, there are three theories: the first theory is that it was written by Luo Guanzhong, that is, the author of "Water Margin" is Luo Guanzhong; The second theory is that "Water Margin" is a collaboration between Shi Nai'an and Luo Guanzhong, which is a lot of opinions, and it is also the opinion of the Ming Dynasty; The third statement was written by Shi Nai'an alone. This was also seen in the Ming Dynasty at the earliest, but relatively late.

Regarding the author of "Water Margin", there are four theories in the Ming Dynasty: 1. Jiajingjian's Gaoru "Baichuan Shuzhi", which was the first to write this book, was titled "The book of Qiantang Shi Nai'an, edited by Luo Guanzhong". A similar record is recorded in the contemporaneous Lang Ying's "Seven Revision Manuscripts".

2. Later, such as Tian Rucheng's "West Lake Excursion Zhixu" and Wang Qi's "Compilation of Barnyard History", etc., are all considered to be Luo Guanzhong's works. 3. In the Wanli period, Hu Yinglin said that it was made by Shi Nai'an in "Shao Room Mountain House Pen Collection". Fourth, in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, Jin Shengsi's "The Fifth Book of Talents and Water Margin" put forward Shi Zuoluo's continuation, that is, "Shi Nai'an's "Water Margin" 70 volumes", and the last 30 chapters are "Luo Guanzhong's "Continuation of the Water Margin".

At present, from the first point of view, general scholars believe that "Water Margin" was written by Shi Nai'an, and his disciple Luo Guanzhong has made a certain amount of processing on the basis of his "original book" (that is, the true book). However, there are also modern scholars who believe that Shi and Luo are both nominal and indistinguishable.

The life of Luo Guanzhong mentioned in the previous chapter is difficult to understand, and the deeds of Shi Nai'an are even more elusive. In addition to affirming that he was from Hangzhou, the Ming people did not provide any credible materials, and even the years of life also included "people from the Southern Song Dynasty" (Tian Rucheng's "West Lake Excursion Zhiyu") and "Southern Song Dynasty relics" (Xu Zichang's "Zhu Zhai Manlu"). Yuanren" (Li Zhen's "Zhongyi Water Margin", Hu Yinglin's "Shao Shan Fang Pen Cong", etc.) and other sayings.

Later generations may say that Shi Nai'an is Shi Hui, the author of the Southern Opera "The Legend of the Boudoir", or that he is the editor of the "History of Jingkang" in the late Song and early Yuan dynasties, but there is no conclusive evidence. Since the 20s of this century, there has been a claim that Shi Nai'an is a native of Xinghua in northern Jiangsu, but there are many suspicious materials about it, and most scholars have a negative attitude.

Edison's story.

Edison attended elementary school for only three months in his life, and his learning was acquired through his mother's teaching and self-study. His success should be attributed to his mother's understanding and patient teaching since childhood, so that Edison, who was originally considered an imbecile, grew up to become a world-famous "king of invention".

Edison was curious about many things from a young age, and he liked to experiment with them until he understood the truth. When he grew up, he devoted himself to research and invention according to his interests in this area. He established a laboratory in New Jersey and invented more than 2,000 things in his lifetime, including electric lights, telegraphs, phonographs, motion picture machines, magnetic ore separators, crushers, and so on.

Edison's strong spirit of research led him to make significant contributions to the improvement of human lifestyles.

One day, while working in a laboratory, Edison handed his assistant an empty glass bulb with no light on and said, "Measure the capacity of the bulb." He bowed his head and worked again.

After a long time, he asked, "How much capacity?" He didn't hear an answer, but turned his head to see his assistant measuring the circumference and slope of the bulb with a soft ruler, and took the measured number and lay it on the table to calculate.

He said, "Time, time, how can it take so much time?" Edison came to him, picked up the empty light bulb, filled it with water, handed it to his assistant, and said:

The water in it was poured into a measuring cup and immediately told me how much it was. ”

The assistant immediately read out the numbers.

Edison said, "What an easy way to measure, it's accurate, it's time-saving, how could you not think of it?" Wouldn't that be a waste of time? ”

The assistant's face flushed.

Edison muttered, "Life is too short, too short, save time and do more!" ”

Edison was a poor worker before he became famous. Once, an old friend of his, met him on the street and said with concern, "Look at this coat on your body is not decently torn, you should change it to a new one." ”

A few years passed, and Edison became a great inventor.

One day, Edison ran into that friend on the streets of New York again. "Oops," the friend exclaimed, "why are you still wearing this torn coat?" This time, you're going to have to get a new one anyway! ”

When Galileo was 17 years old, he was admitted to the University of Pisa to study medicine. He likes to ask questions, and he will never give up without asking questions.

In one class, Professor Biro gave a lecture on embryology. He preached: "Whether a mother gives birth to a boy or a girl is determined by the strength of the father. The father is strong, and the mother gives birth to a boy; The father was weakened, and the mother gave birth to a girl. ”

As soon as Professor Biró's words fell, Galileo raised his hand and said, "Teacher, I have a question. ”

Professor Biro said unhappily: "You have too many questions! You are a student, you should listen carefully to the teacher during class, take more notes, don't think wildly, ask questions at every turn, and affect your classmates' learning!

It's not a whimsy, it's not a question that asks questions at every turn. My neighbor, the man is very strong, but his wife has given birth to five daughters in a row. This is the opposite of what the teacher said, how can this be explained?

Undeterred by Professor Birro, Galileo continued to ask rhetorical questions.

I am speaking from the opinion of the famous ancient Greek scholar Aristotle, and I will not be wrong! Professor Biro came up with a rationale to try to convince him.

Galileo continued: "Is it true that what Aristotle said is not true? Science must be consistent with the facts, otherwise it is not real science. "Professor Biro was asked and couldn't get off the stage.

Later, Galileo was indeed criticized by the school, but his spirit of perseverance, inquisitiveness, and pursuit of truth did not change in the slightest. Because of this, he eventually became a generation of scientific giants.

Shen Kuo went up the mountain to see the peach blossoms

When reading this poem, Shen Kuo's brows condensed into a knot, "Why did the flowers here fail, and the peach blossoms on the mountain began to bloom?" In order to solve this mystery, Shen Kuo asked a few friends to go up the mountain for a field trip, on the mountain in April, how warm and cold, the cool breeze hit, the cold made people shiver, Shen Kuo's spear mouth suddenly opened, it turned out that the temperature on the mountain was much lower than that under the mountain, so the flower season came later than the mountain. With this spirit of exploration and empirical methods, Shen Kuo, who grew up, wrote "Dream Creek Writings".

"He is not willing to be a father, he often mingles with his servants, and he is tireless in learning. Whenever I want to read, there is always no lamp or candle, taste in the stable, borrow the fire to illuminate the book and recite, and its suffering is like this. ”

The most typical Confucius and Mencius! Wasn't it all diligent and inquisitive at first?