Weights and measures are the units of measurement used in ancient China in ancient times, in which

Degree is length, quantity is volume, and weight is weight.

Weight.

Heng is a first-level general standard Chinese character (commonly used character) in Chinese, which is destroyed as héng before reading the spine. The original text of this word was first seen in the Western Zhou Dynasty Jinwen, and its original meaning is generally recognized as a horizontal wood tied to the horns of the cow to prevent touching people, and by extension, it is a horizontal wood on the head of the wheel, and also refers to the car.

It also means equality and reciprocity. When weighing on a scale, the scale rod can only be balanced if the weight at both ends is equal. "Balance" is then extended to weighing, and then extended to the meaning of balance and evaluation.

The Origin of Weights and Measures

The development of weights and measures began around the end of primitive societies. Legend has it that the Yellow Emperor "set five quantities", "regret the dust and Shaohao with the same measure, and tune Lu". Units of weights and measures were originally all related to the human body:

The cloth hand knows the ruler, and the cloth refers to the inch", "The prosperity of one hand is overflowing, and the two hands are called the skull". At this time, the unit still has disadvantages that vary from person to person.

Historical Records: Five Emperors Benji": "In February of the year, the east patrol hunted, as for Daizong, Qi, looking at the mountains and rivers. Then I saw that the eastern monarch was long, the time and the moon were the same as the sun, the same law of weights and measures, five rites, five jades, three silks, two lives and one death were the dear, such as five instruments, and the death was restored. ”

It is recorded in the Historical Records of Xia Benji that Yu "is a degree, called out", which indicates that at that time, the unification of units had been carried out with celebrities as the standard, and the earliest legal unit appeared.

Qin Shi Huang unified weights and measures, which represented the standard of distance between chariots, because chariots were already used in warfare at that time.

"Heng" refers to the agricultural aspect in ancient times, because in ancient times, agricultural things were very important, and relying on the sky to eat was a big deal.

Let's start with the conclusion: weights and measures represent length, volume, and weight!

1- Basic definition of weights and measures

degrees: Length standard, common units are ruler, inch, 仞, etc., and idioms such as inch into ruler are the concentrated embodiment of length units. (In ancient times, one foot was equivalent to the length of the palm of the hand).

amount: Volume standard, common for buckets, promotions, etc., bucket rice to raise grace, liter rice to raise hatred, is the volume unit after the break.

Balance: Weight standards, common are two, jun, stone, etc., a few taels of silver, a few stones of grain, etc. are commonly used.

2- The basic weight unit conversion rules are as follows

1 stone = 100 catties.

1 jin = 10 taels (16 taels in the old system, 1 tael = jin) = kilograms.

1 tael = 10 money.

3- Development of weight units

According to the ancients, twenty-four baht is two, sixteen taels are catties, thirty catties are jun, and four jun are stones. Regarding the use of small units such as money, cents, cents, millimeters, silks, and suddenness, which are less than two.

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period in China, as early as in the Chu State, a small balance was made by the wise working people - wooden scale, copper ring right, and its main role was to weigh the weight.

The complete set of rings consists of ten pieces, somewhat similar to our scales, or understood as the corresponding weights, respectively.

One, two, three, six, twelve baht, 1 tael, 2 taels, 4 taels, 8 taels, 1 catty. When weighing, one end is tied to the goods, the other end is tied to the ring right, and the weight of the fire dance can be determined after the two sides are balanced.

Basically, after careful research, 1 baht weighs about 1 gram, 1 tael weighs about 15 and a half grams, and 1 pound weighs about 250 grams, which is equivalent to half of the weight of our current catty, such as eighty catties of **, it may be thirty or forty catties today, so it is not as difficult to wield as imagined.

In our country's Chinese History Museum, there is also a Warring States period copper weighing rod, in the middle of the rod there is a torsion ring for lifting, its type is between the dessert and the weighing rod, is a more typical weighing instrument, through the principle of lever to weigh objects.

"Balance" refers to the standard of weight, the degree represents the standard of length, and the measure is the standard of volume.

"Balance" refers to the standard of agriculture, and in ancient times, agriculture was very important, and it is also a unit of measurement used to measure agriculture.

It is a unit of weight, and this name was used to indicate some weight in ancient times, and the difference is very clear.

Weighing refers to weight.

The degree in weights and measures refers to the length, the quantity refers to the volume, and the weight refers to the weight.

Explanation of Heng "Heng" was a tool used to measure the weight or weight of something in ancient times. In the early days, baht, tael, jin, jun, and stone were all units of weight, but in ancient times, the weight unit for measuring the weight of an object was different, and the conversion was more troublesome.

The change of the unit name of the balance in different dynasties After Qin Shi Huang unified the weights and measures, there was a unified weight unit, and since the Han Dynasty named the five weight units of baht, two, jin, jun and stone as the five powers, the unit of the balance began to become unified, and this system has been used from the Han Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty and the Tang Dynasty.

His carrying method is also very interesting: twenty-four baht is two, sixteen taels is a catty, thirty catties is a jun, and four jun is a stone.

However, its weight unit is still very large, so there are many small units below two, such as money, cents, cents and other weight units.

In the Southern Dynasties, it was said that ten taels were one baht, six baht were one cent, and four were divided into one tael.

And since the Tang Dynasty, money has been used as the name of the weight unit, and every ten coins accumulated has become one tael, because at that time there was no conversion method for one-tenth of the carry system, so there was no such thing as ten taels for every hundred coins accumulated. The decimal names of centi, centi, milli, silk, and hu were later borrowed from the unit of length to become the unit of weight. Moreover, after the Song Dynasty, it began to determine the ten retreats of money, which provided great convenience to the masses at that time.

After the Song Dynasty carried out reforms, some small units were abandoned.

Its weight names are arranged in this order: stone, jun, jin, tael, money, cent, centi, milli, silk, and hu.

Later generations followed this system, until the Qing Dynasty, the name of the weight unit has hardly changed, but the conversion method of the name of the weight unit in each dynasty is the same, and some are different, which is the need to convert the weight at that time according to the classics of the dynasty.

The uniform meaning of the name of the weight unit of scale.

In the eyes of ancient society, the unification of "balance" was of great significance, as it not only reduced economic disputes and enabled the people's living standards to develop steadily, but also facilitated the calculation of official fiscal revenues and expenditures. In terms of historical significance, the refinement of the name of the weight unit from large to small also reflects the economic development level of the dynasty and the living conditions of the people at that time to a certain extent.

It is the standard of weight, because before the unification of the six countries, the weight unit standards of all countries were not unified, and later after the establishment of the Qin Dynasty, it was unified.

Weighing refers to the standard of the weight of an object. For a long time, baht, two d, jin, jun, and stone were all used as units of weight.

It refers to the general term of length, weight, and volume, and this scale also refers to the numerical range of some data as a whole.

Refers to the weight of an object. It is a tool for measuring the weight of an object, and in ancient times it was measured in three different dimensions.

<> weights and measures are important units of measurement in ancient China, in which the "weight" of weights and measures represents weight, "degrees.""It represents the length standard, and "quantity" represents the volume standard, so what about the conversion standard between "scale" and modern weight units? According to the relevant historical research, one stone = 100 catties, one catty = 10 taels, one tael = 10 money, and then according to such standards for the conversion of relevant units, so that there is a unified standard between countries, and there will be no more inconsistencies in the measurement method for the weight unit is not uniform, resulting in contradictions, so the unity of weights and measures promotes the development of economy and culture.

We all say that there are no rules, there is no square circle, then weights and measures are the rules of ancient measurement in our country, so do you know the development process of weights and measures? In fact, as early as the beginning, our ancients made certain efforts to communicate with each other between tribes, clans and countries, and then to the Qin Dynasty with the same track, the same book, unified weights and measures, which made the measurement of the whole country have a standard, but also to a certain extent to promote the prosperity of the country, and then the standard of weights and measures also followed the Qin Dynasty after the generations, and in each emperor took office in the founding era will be based on the standards of weights and measures of all dynasties and dynasties to promulgate new legal provisions, Enforce that people comply.

As early as in the primitive society, in order to unify the tribes, their measuring tools are their own bodies, they use their hands, feet and movements to measure a certain length and weight, or select representative utensils, such as a straight branch, then it can represent a certain length, and then select an important object, and place it on the balance beam to the sides to level the weight of the two objects is equal, or borrow the porcelain used in daily life, barrels, Large bowls and other related objects can also be used as tools to measure volume, but these can only be used for temporary measurement, and there is no uniform standard. After setting a unified standard instrument, it is also convenient for people to comply, which greatly improves the efficiency and fairness of measurement. Therefore, the development of weights and measures is the process of transformation from one civilization to another, witnessing history and witnessing miracles.

With the development of China's productive forces, the system of weights and measures has been gradually improved. Among them, the balance in weights and measures is the expression of weight measurement. Different dynasties have different units of measurement.

The scale of weights and measures refers to a tool that measures the weight of an object, and it refers to the weight, which is used to measure the weight of an item.

This refers to the rod scale, which is a tool used to weigh the weight, which is rarely used nowadays.

1. Weights and measures refer to the general term for objects used to measure the length, volume, and weight of objects in daily life.

2. Degrees - The instruments used to measure the length are called degrees.

3. Quantity - the vessel used to measure and calculate the volume is called the quantity.

4. Weighing - The tool for measuring the weight of an object is called a scale.

5. When Shang Ying changed the law, he unified the weights and measures, and when the Shang Dynasty changed the law, it was only within a vassal state of Qin, and the unification of Yingzheng was after he unified the six countries, and the weights and measures of the six countries were unified.

What do you say about the line in the mass score? What he is referring to should be that you measure the quality of the quota in the number of speeds, that is, what you should say has a horizontal quantity, you can't cross or argue, right? That's what it means.

Weights and measures are the units of measurement used in ancient China in China, where weights refer to the units of weight.

For a long time, baht, tael, jin, jun, and stone were all used as units of weight. Its carrying method is worth mentioning: 24 baht for 2, 16 taels for catties, 30 catties for jun, and 4 jun for stones.

Cent, centi, milli, silk, sudden, etc., were originally decimal names, and later borrowed from the length as the name of the weight unit, and since the Song Dynasty, it has been set as a small unit of ten retreats of money.

The restructuring of the Song Dynasty weighed and abolished the names of baht, silk and millet, and the names of its weight units were stone, jun, jin, liang, money, centi, milli, silk, and hu in order from large to small, and its carry method has been as mentioned above. The Song system was used until the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, and was rarely changed. However, one thing must be pointed out that in the medical prescriptions of the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, those who say "points" are the "points" of cents, while one point in the Jin and Tang dynasties was two and a half coins, and the two are different.

"Balance" is the weight of measurement. Weights and measures have traditionally been a general term for the criteria for measuring length, volume, and weight. "Degree" is the length of measurement, "quantity" is the capacity of measurement for a substance, and "weight" is the weight of measurement.

The so-called "long-term, volume-measurable, and qualitative".

The modern definition of weights and measures is broadly defined as any metric unit that represents a physical quantity (e.g., temperature, time). The development of weights and measures began around the end of patrilineal clan society. The measurement and statistical methods are different due to different regions and national conditions.

Weighing refers to the standard of light dismantling and weight of objects.

For a long time, baht, tael, jin, jun, and stone were all used as units of weight. But in ancient times, the term "unit of weight" was mixed. Since the "Hanshu Legal Calendar" named the five units of baht, liang, jin, jun, and stone as the five powers, the names began to be unified and lasted until the Tang Dynasty.

Its carrying method is: 24 baht for 2, 16 taels for catties, 30 catties for jun, and four jun for stones.

Since the Tang Dynasty, "money" has been regarded as a unit of weight, and ten coins have been stipulated as one tael. Since the Song Dynasty, it has been set as a small unit of ten retreats for money. The Song Dynasty weighed the restructuring of the waste brigade belt to abandon the baht, millet and other names, and the names of its weight units from large to small are stone, jun, jin, two, money, cent, centi, milli, silk, and hu.

The Song system has been measured by the line of the line until the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties.