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It was a feudal dynasty established by the Xianbei Tuoba clan --- Tuoba Jue, and was the first dynasty of the Northern and Southern Dynasties.
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Northern Wei Dynasty (386 534) Xianbei people established a minority dynasty, Tuoba Jue in the first year of Taichu (386) called the king, the first name of the country, the same year changed the name of the country to Wei, Jianyuan Dengguo. It is known as the Northern Wei Dynasty, Tuoba Wei Dynasty, Yuan Wei Dynasty, and Later Wei Dynasty.
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The Northern Wei Dynasty was the period of the Northern and Southern Dynasties.
The name of the Northern Wei Dynasty was originally "Wei", because the word "Wei" has a beautiful and great meaning and is the name of "Shenzhou Shangguo" and is determined as the country name, the word "Wei" is preceded by the word "North", called the Northern Wei Dynasty, which refers to the northern "China", and is also different from the Three Kingdoms Cao Wei Liang bent to the regime, so it is also called the Later Wei, and with its royal surname Tuoba, and later changed the surname Yuan, so it is also called Tuoba Wei, Yuan Wei title. Because the Tuoba Department from the Northern Wei Dynasty had the custom of braiding hair, it was contemptuously called Suo Tou Lu by the Southern Dynasty, referred to as Suo Lu, or Wei Lu.
During the Northern Wei Dynasty, the social productive forces were gradually restored and developed, especially after the reform of Emperor Xiaowen, the number of yeoman farmers increased significantly, the society tended to prosper, and agriculture and handicraft industries developed significantly. Commerce also gradually became active, the Northern Wei Dynasty minted and issued the currency "Taihe Five Baht", and Luoyang's commerce was particularly developed, becoming a rare international metropolis at that time.
New achievements have also been made in science and technology and culture, with the emergence of scientific and literary works such as "Qi Min's Technique", "Notes on the Water Classic", "Mulan Poems", and "Luoyang Jialanji". The cave temples represented by the Yungang Grottoes and the Longmen Grottoes show the superb sculpture art of the Northern Wei Dynasty.
The geography of the Northern Wei Dynasty
The Northern Wei Dynasty also saw the emergence of a geographer and essayist, Li Daoyuan. Li Daoyuan, a native of Zhuolu in Fanyang (present-day Zhuoxian County, Hebei Province), was born around 468 or 472. According to historical records, Li Daoyuan was an official and was known for his strictness.
He was very strict in enforcing the law and was not afraid of power, so many powerful people hated him. Because of this, he was framed to death. He took the "Book of Water" as the key and wrote the geographical masterpiece "Notes on the Book of Water".
The writing of "Notes on the Water Classic" is strong and handsome, which is not only a masterpiece of ancient geography, but also an excellent work of Jingming of landscape literature, and is a geographical work with literary value. The book is more than 300,000 words and has 40 volumes. It introduces in detail more than 1,250 rivers in China, as well as the counties, cities, products, customs, legends, and history associated with these rivers.
The book also records a lot of inscriptions, inkblots and fishing songs and ballads in the town. Since the Ming and Qing dynasties, many scholars have conducted in-depth and detailed research on it from all aspects, forming a "Li Xue" with a wide range of contents.
The above content reference: Encyclopedia - Northern Wei Dynasty.
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Daowu Emperor Tuoba Jue -- Ming Yuan Emperor Tuoba heir -- Taiwu Emperor Tuoba Tao -- Jingshou Emperor Tuoba Yu -- Jingmu Emperor Tuoba Huang.
1. List of emperors of the Northern Wei Dynasty Emperor Xuanwu - Tuoba Gui.
Emperor Daowu of Wei Tuoba Jue (August 4, 360 - November 6, 409), also known as Shiyigui, Yigui, Kai, the word Shiju, the founding emperor of the Later Wei Dynasty (386-409), a member of the Xianbei tribe. The grandson of Emperor Tuoba Shi Yijian of Wei Zhaocheng, the son of Emperor Tuoba Wei and Helan of Emperor Xianming.
2, Emperor Taiwu - Tuoba Tao.
Emperor Ming Yuan (392 423), the second emperor of the Northern Wei Dynasty (reigned 409 423), was a member of the Xianbei tribe. He was the son of Emperor Daowu of the Northern Wei Dynasty and the father of Emperor Taiwu Tuobatao. In 403, he was made the crown prince, and in 409, after killing the rebellious Tuoba Shao, he ascended the throne as the emperor and changed the Yuan to Yongxing.
In 410, the Northern Expedition broke Rouran. In 423, he personally conquered Liu Song and opened up 300 miles. In 423, due to the imperial driver's personal expedition, he died of illness at the age of 32.
The name of the excavation was Emperor Ming Yuan, and the temple number was judged to be Taizong. During his reign, Tuoba was diligent in government and loved the people, expanded his territory, and made great efforts to govern the country, and was in a pivotal position in the history of the Northern Wei Dynasty.
3. Northern Wei Tuoba Heiming.
Emperor Yuan (392 423), the second emperor of the Northern Wei Dynasty (reigned 409 423), was a member of the Xianbei tribe. He was the son of Emperor Daowu of the Northern Wei Dynasty and the father of Emperor Taiwu Tuobatao. In 403, he was made the crown prince, and in 409, after killing the rebellious Tuoba Shao, he ascended the throne as the emperor and changed the Yuan to Yongxing.
In 410, the Northern Expedition broke Rouran. In 423, he personally conquered Liu Song and opened up 300 miles. In 423, due to the imperial driver's personal expedition, he died of illness at the age of 32.
The name is Emperor Ming Yuan, and the temple name is Taizong. During his reign, Tuoba was diligent in government and loved the people, expanded his territory, and made great efforts to govern the country, and was in a pivotal position in the history of the Northern Wei Dynasty.
4, Nan'an Wang Tuoba Yu (?) 452 years).
In the third year of Taiping Zhenjun (442), he was named King of Wu, and later changed his title to King Nan'an in the first year of Zhengping (451). In the second year of Zhengping (452), Zhongchang treated Zong Ai to kill Emperor Taiwu, corrected the order of the Empress Dowager, killed Tuoba Han, the king of Dongping, Yingli Tuoba Yu, and changed Yuan Chengping (or Yongping). After ascending the throne, he treated the people well, but he drank all night and sang all night, which soon emptied the treasury, and went out hunting many times, even if there was something on the border, he did not pay attention to it, and the people were angry, but he did not change.
5. Emperor Wencheng of the Northern Wei Dynasty Tuoba Jun.
The temple name is Gaozong, the word Wulei Zhiqin, the grandson of Emperor Taiwu of the Northern Wei Dynasty (that is, the ancestor Tuoba Tao), the eldest son of Tuoba Huang, and the grandfather of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty. In 452, Zong Ai assassinated Emperor Taiwu, established Tuoba Yu, the king of Nan'an, and killed him again, and the palace Shangshu Yuanhe and others supported Tuoba Jun to ascend the throne as Emperor Wencheng and killed Zong Ai. During the reign of Emperor Wencheng, Buddhism was restored in the Northern Wei Dynasty and the Yungang Grottoes were built.
In the sixth year of peace (465), Emperor Wencheng died of illness, and his eldest son Tuoba Hong ascended the throne.
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