How to cultivate watermelon seedlings, how to plant watermelon seedlings

Watermelon cultivation technology in winter greenhouse.

Appropriate seedling January 15 20 greenhouse seedlings, watermelon seedlings grow to two leaves and one heart when grafted with gourd, to improve plant disease resistance and low temperature resistance, grafting method by the grafting method, when the watermelon grows to 4 5 true leaves for low temperature exercise, ready for planting.

Cultivation management heavy fertilization, fine land preparation, timely planting: before planting, apply foot fertilizer, apply 2000 kg of rotting chicken manure per mu, 100 kg of compound fertilizer, and then deep ploughing the land. In early March, when the watermelon grows to 5 or 6 true leaves, it is planted in a ditch according to the row spacing meters and the plant spacing meters, covered with plastic film, and buckled a small arch shed.

When planting, the grafting interface must be left on the ground when it is sealed, so as to prevent adventitious roots.

Post-planting management is mainly the comprehensive management of temperature, humidity and top dressing and irrigation. After planting, in order to speed up the slow seedling, generally not ventilated, maintain high temperature, 28 32 during the day, more than 12 at night.

After slowing the seedlings to the flowering stage, the shed temperature is not lower than 25, and the ground temperature is more than 15, so as to improve the fruit setting rate. After the vine is extended, the small arch shed is removed, and the first topdressing and watering is carried out, and 30 kg of compound fertilizer is chased per mu.

After flowering for half a month, the fruit growth is accelerated, should do a good job of heat preservation, and timely thin off the melon within 8 knots, select the second or third normal development of the melon, when the melon grows to a diameter of about 15 cm, combined with watering, the second top dressing, 15 20 kg of compound fertilizer per mu.

The soil moisture of the greenhouse is large, and the stems and leaves are easy to grow, so we should pay attention to less watering in the early stage of irrigation, and water the melon logistics, and control the water after entering the ripening period, so as to facilitate the coloring of the fruit and increase the sugar content of the fruit, and accelerate the ripening of the fruit.

Plant adjustment and artificial pollination watermelon has strong branching, and plant adjustment must be carried out in order to obtain high yield, including pruning, vine pressing, melon retention, melon turning and topping. The second or third female flower on the mother vine is generally selected to sit on the melon, and the melon can be left on the side vine when the melon can not be kept on the main vine. When the fruit is set for 20 days, the fruit shape is basically fixed, every 3 5 days, the melon can be turned in the afternoon on a sunny day, so that the fruit receives light evenly, and the melon is fully ripe.

Greenhouse cultivation of watermelon to carry out artificial assisted pollination, generally at 10 o'clock in the morning, choose large male flowers, expose the stamens, gently touch on the stigma of the female flower, so that the pollen evenly fall on the stigma, in case of low temperature or bad weather, pick the male flowers in the afternoon before, put them in a closed container, keep the room temperature 25, pollinate after flowering in the morning, mark the flowering date after pollination, so as to pick melons in time.

The yellow leaves of watermelon may be stiff seedlings: the growth of seedlings is small, the leaf development is slow, the new leaves are gray-green, the leaves are thickened, shrunken, and the tissues are stiff; Cotyledons and true leaves turn yellow, underground roots turn yellow or even brown, and there are few new white roots.

Once the watermelon seedlings are stiff, the recovery is very slow, which will delay the favorable growing season and seriously affect the yield and efficiency. Stiff seedlings are the main physiological disorders at the seedling stage of watermelon.

Causes: 1. The temperature of the seedbed is low, especially the soil temperature is low, which cannot meet the basic temperature requirements of the watermelon root system.

2. The soil of the seedling bed is clayey and heavy, the soil moisture content is high, it is difficult to root under the conditions of high humidity and poor ventilation, the absorption capacity of the roots is poor, and the continuous rain after planting makes the occurrence of stiff seedlings particularly serious.

3. Improper preparation of nutrient soil. The application of undecomposed or undermixed organic fertilizer in the seedbed or planting hole causes root burning or excessive application of chemical fertilizer, or the chemical fertilizer is applied close to the roots, and the concentration of soil solution is high and the roots are injured.

4. Poor seedling development. The seedling age is too long during planting, the root system is damaged too much during the planting process, or the operation is rough during land preparation and planting, the roots are overhead, and the roots are not in close contact with the soil, which affects the roots.

5. Underground pests are the root pests.

Prevention and control methods: choose loose, well-aerated pastoral soil or paddy field soil as nutrient soil, and try not to use river mud with heavy soil clay.

Improve the seedling environment, use the ground ** or plastic film to cover the seedlings, increase the ground temperature, cultivate and grow normally, the root system is well developed, and the seedling age is moderate, (from the root seedlings 30-35 grafted seedlings for 40-45 days).

Apply well-rotted organic fertilizer to the seedbed, lightly apply compound fertilizer away from the roots, or spray "Banedabica foliar fertilizer" to prevent root damage.

Watering at the right time and in the right amount so as not to reduce the temperature of the seedbed and the ground temperature, which is not conducive to the growth of the root system.

When planting, high furrows and deep ditches are used to strengthen drainage, and hole fertilizer (decomposed organic fertilizer or Baneda Bika root congcong) is appropriately applied to promote root growth.

Pay attention to refining seedlings before transplanting.

Timely planting, to prevent the impact of low temperature after planting, choose a cold tail warm head sunny day planting.

1) Traditional seedling cultivation method of early-maturing and high-quality watermelon (self-rooted seedlings) in facility cultivation.

Determine the seedling stage. In the case of greenhouse cultivation, the soil temperature is stable at 15, the temperature in the shed is not less than 10, generally 15, and the seedling sowing date is pushed forward by 25 30 days. Greenhouse cultivation can be carried out 45 to 50 days in advance.

Preparation before seedlings are raised. Watermelons cultivated in greenhouses should be sown 45 to 50 days in advance, during this period, the northern region is sown at the end of January to early February, when the outside temperature is very low, not suitable for the growth of watermelon seedlings, and heating equipment must be used to ensure the temperature required for the seedling period. There should be heating equipment before raising seedlings.

a.Greenhouse seedlings. Conditional heating greenhouses can be used, that is, there is a back wall, and there can be a fire channel for indoor heating, or a solar greenhouse, using the best seedlings.

The first thing is to raise seedlings, and then to plant.

1. Try not to make continuous crops.

2. For continuous cropping watermelon, while using nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, a bag of Guangxing Dibao can be added per mu to condition the soil, activate various medium and trace elements that are solidified in the soil, and indirectly supplement the deficiency of medium and trace elements; For watermelon seedlings that have developed symptoms of nutrient deficiency, 800 times of potassium iodide boron can be sprayed, which has obvious effects on preventing watermelon deficiency symptoms.

If the planting is too dense, the ventilation and light transmission are poor, or the protected area is not well ventilated, and the watermelon is planted in the low-lying land with poor growth, this will also cause the watermelon leaves to turn yellow.

Under the condition of ensuring the temperature of the seedlings, try to open the windows to ventilate them and reduce the ammonia in the shed.

Watermelon seedling planting method: planting time, processing seeds, sowing seedlings and talking about stupid birds, timely planting, and later management.

1. Planting time

Watermelons are usually grown in the spring, depending on the region and the variety being cultivated. If it is an early-maturing watermelon, it is recommended to choose around March every spring, and it will ripen in June and July. If it is a medium-ripe watermelon, you can choose to plant it from April to June.

If it is a late-ripening watermelon, it should be planted around July. If it is planted in a greenhouse, it can be well controlled and can be planted at any time.

2. Treat the seeds

Watermelon seeds should be germinated in advance before sowing, choose full watermelon seeds, soak them in warm water at 55 for about 12 hours, so that the skin of the seeds will become soft, which can promote germination as soon as possible. After soaking, put it on wet wipes to promote germination, and spray water every day during germination to ensure high humidity, so that the seeds will germinate soon.

3. Sowing seeds and raising seedlings

After germination, the watermelon seeds can be planted in the soil. Water thoroughly first, then sow the watermelon seeds into the soil, cover the thin soil, and provide a warm environment, so that watermelon seedlings will soon grow. If the temperature in the area is low, it must be covered with plastic film after sowing to keep warm and moisturize, and the environment is suitable to promote the growth of seedlings as soon as possible.

Fourth, timely planting

When the watermelon seedlings grow to 10-15 cm long, they can be planted. When planting, first use a hole punch to make a hole with a depth of 5 cm and a diameter of 4 cm in the mulch, and then plant according to the plant spacing of 30-35 cm containing early rice, and water it thoroughly in time after planting, and it will soon resume growth.

5. Post-management

Watermelon seedlings consume more nutrients during the growth period, in order to promote its better growth, it is necessary to regularly top dressing to ensure sufficient nutrition. In addition, greenhouse cultivation needs to be pollinated in time and thinned to ensure the amount of fruit and fruit.

Choose loose and fertile sandy loam soil and plant watermelon seedlings in the soil. 3. Seedling stage control: postpone fertilization at the seedling stage, and apply phosphorus and potassium fertilizer 2-3 times at the flowering stage.

4. Precautions: control the temperature in the greenhouse at about 32 degrees Celsius.

1. Planting time

Watermelon has different planting time according to its varieties, the variety is divided into early, medium, late ripening three, early-ripening watermelon can be planted in March, and medium-ripening watermelon can not be planted until about 4-6 months, late-ripening watermelon should be planted in July, different varieties of watermelon planting time can not be confused.

2. Soil planting

Watermelon is suitable for growth and development in sandy soil, its root system is not very deep, but because of the huge fruit it bears during the fruiting period, it needs to transport and absorb a lot of water and nutrients, so it is best to use relatively fertile sandy soil to cultivate watermelon, the unique specific heat capacity of sandy soil is also helpful for the sweetness of the fruit.

3. Seedling stage control

When watermelon grows and develops in the seedling stage, the nutrients required are not much, generally the base fertilizer in the soil is the main one, but when it grows to the flowering and fruiting stage, the nutrients and water consumed will rise to dozens of times, and it is necessary to replenish water and fertilizer in time, and water enough thin fertilizer to be applied frequently.

4. Precautions

Watermelon is a plant that likes to live in a warmer environment, the tolerance to cold gives poor yield, the seeds can germinate in an environment above 15 degrees Celsius, the most suitable ambient temperature during the growth period is about 32 degrees Celsius, but the temperature difference between day and night should be 10 degrees Celsius, and the temperature at night is best around 20 degrees Celsius.

Watermelons are grown on a fertile, loose sandy loam soil. 3. Temperature: Keep the temperature above 15 degrees after sowing, and the temperature during the growth period is about 32 degrees.

4. Water and fertilizer: water regularly during the flowering and fruiting period, and apply thin fertilizer frequently.

1. Cultivation time

Before cultivating watermelon seedlings, we must first choose the right planting time, watermelon seedlings are divided into three different varieties of early-maturing, medium-ripening and late-maturing, early-maturing watermelons can generally be planted around March, medium-ripening watermelons need to wait until 4-6 months to be planted, and late-maturing watermelon seedlings can only start to be cultivated around July.

2. Soil screening

Generally, the soil used to grow fruits is humus or garden soil, and there are also mixed soils, but watermelon is different, it needs a sandy and gravel soil with a relatively small specific heat capacity to help it accumulate sugar, so it is best to use relatively fertile but overall sandy sand soil to cultivate watermelon seedlings, which is not easy to accumulate water.

3. Temperature control

Watermelon can only live in a relatively warm and humid environment, once it encounters cold air or the temperature drops rapidly, it will cause damage to watermelon, its seeds can only grow and develop completely in the environment above 15 degrees Celsius, the most suitable temperature for the growth period is also about 32 degrees Celsius, and the cooling will suffer from frost damage.

4. Water and fertilizer application

Watermelon due to its huge fruit, the nutrients and water required in the flowering and fruiting period are much higher than that of ordinary fruits, so the watering of it during the flowering and fruiting period should be fully watered, but it can not leave stagnant water, and the fertilization should also be done with thin fertilizer but diligent application, and sufficient nutrients and water supply should be maintained.

<> choose to plant watermelons in sandy soil with deep soil layer, loose and fertile soil, and trim the field before sowing and apply sufficient base fertilizer. Water the melon field thoroughly in the afternoon of the day before sowing, choose a suitable time for planting, and plant at a reasonable density. Try to water less or no watering at the seedling stage of watermelon, which is conducive to the formation of a developed root system, and do not prune on rainy days to avoid infection.

Before watermelon flowers and fruit set, the amount of watering should be controlled to avoid excessive growth.

1. How to grow watermelons

1. Choose to plant watermelons in sandy soil with deep soil layer, loose and fertile soil, and good drainage performance. Before sowing, the field should be trimmed and sufficient basal fertilizer should be applied, generally organic fertilizer and cake fertilizer are the mainstay, supplemented by inorganic fertilizer. Then dig the box ditch, waist ditch, and surrounding ditch to improve the drainage and irrigation system of the field.

2. Water the melon field thoroughly in the afternoon of the day before sowing, and the sowing density should be reasonable. Watermelon is divided into early, medium, and late-ripening, generally early-ripening watermelons can be sown around March, medium-ripening watermelons can be sown in April-June, and late-ripening watermelons can generally be sown and cultivated around July.

3. The water requirement is relatively low in the watermelon seedling stage, and the seedlings should be watered as little or no as possible during this period, so that the seedlings can form a developed root system. Do not prune on rainy days to avoid infection. When the vine grows to about 50 cm, you can press the vine with soil, every 3-4 knots, and each vine can be pressed 2-3 times.

4. Control the amount of watering before watermelon flowering and fruit setting to avoid crazy growth. After fruit set, it is necessary to ensure sufficient water**, which will help the fruit to expand and increase the weight of the fruit. When the young melon grows to the size of an egg, it can be applied in time according to the growth of the plant.

Second, how to raise watermelon seedlings

1. Watermelon seedling varieties are generally selected with short growth period, disease resistance, strong growth potential, high melon sitting rate, storage and transportation, etc., watermelon seedling nutrient soil preparation generally selects well-rotted farmhouse fertilizer and field soil, and then stirs the soil evenly and dries it in the sun, and then screens it once with a sieve, sprays the water evenly on the nutrient soil, fully mixes it after spraying, covers the nutrient soil with plastic film for 3 days, and then loads the prepared nutrient soil into the purchased nutrient bowl for later use.

2. Before sowing watermelon seedlings, spread the seeds on clean paper and dry them for 4 hours, and then soak them in warm boiled water of about 60, you can stir while filling water, soak them for 4 hours when the water temperature drops below 30, and then take out the seeds and drain the water for germination.

3. Sow the watermelon seeds that promote the germination in the nutrient bowl filled with nutrient soil, and neatly arrange them in the dug seedbed, and each nutrient bowl can be 1-2 grains. Then build a small arch shed and buckle the film, cover the nutrient bowl with plastic film to keep warm, remove the plastic film after the seeds emerge, and the grafted watermelon seedlings are still placed in the small arch shed.

4. Watermelon seeds should be properly ventilated after emergence, when the seedlings grow to 5-6 cm, seedling refining work needs to be carried out, at this time, ventilation should be carried out at night, and the seedling refining should be carried out with a nutrient bowl for temporary maintenance work, and the appropriate time can be selected for planting.