The hallmark of the cultural development of the Shang Dynasty was:

It's a short-answer question, right? In fact, if you look at the development sign of a dynasty, you can look at the relationship between its productivity and life, and the answer is: 1, the universal use of bronze, 2, the perfection of the slave social system, and 3, the appearance of written oracle bone inscriptions.

The emergence of a large number of bronzes, the great leap forward in bronze technology, the national treasure Simu Wu is a masterpiece, and the bronzes of the Shang Dynasty have been hard to find since ancient times, it can be said that it is the first peak of bronze art in Chinese history.

Bronzes and oracle bone inscriptions are symbols of Shang Dynasty culture, which are described as follows:

1. Bronzes in the "Shang Dynasty Culture":

Chinese bronze culture has a long history and has strong national characteristics and artistic styles. A large number of bronzes unearthed in Yinxu, including ritual vessels, musical instruments, weapons, tools, living utensils, ornaments, artworks, etc., have formed a bronze civilization based on bronze ritual vessels and weapons, reaching the peak of the development of China's Bronze Age, and occupying an important position in the history of ancient Chinese civilization. The appearance of a large number of bronze ritual vessels in Yinxu proves that Chinese bronze culture has developed to the highest stage.

2. The oracle bone inscription in the "Shang Dynasty Culture":

The oracle bone inscription mainly refers to the oracle bone inscription of Yinxu, which was engraved (or written) on tortoise shells and animal bones for divination by the royal family in the late Shang Dynasty (14th and 11th centuries BC) in China. It is the earliest and relatively complete system among the ancient scripts found in China. These oracle bones are basically the divination records of the rulers of the Shang Dynasty.

Introduction to "Yin Shang Culture":

Yin Shang culture is very rich in connotation and has multiple levels, such as Xuanniao business, Wang Hai business, and Chengtang business. The origin of Chinese merchants, commerce and commercial culture originated in the Central Plains, which is the consensus of the national archaeological and historical circles. The Yin Shang culture is heavy and the Zhou people are heavy on agriculture, which is the foundation of Yin and Zhou culture.

Archaeology believes that the pre-Shang culture is closely related to the Xia Qiheng culture.

The above content reference: Encyclopedia - Yin Shang Culture.

The Shang dynasty ruled China from the 16th century BC to the 11th century, making significant contributions to Chinese civilization, including the use of oracle bone inscriptions to develop the writing system, advance bronze smelting, create complex ceremonial and social structures, and establish a centralization.

The dynasty also saw the emergence of China's first cities and the rise of a powerful ruling class. In addition, the Shang Dynasty was the first recorded Chinese dynasty, and many aspects of Chinese culture and society that developed during this period continue to influence Chinese culture in Lu Rolling Chun today.

It promoted the development and progress of Chinese culture, and used words from the beginning of the Yuan Qi Dynasty of the Split Wu Shang Stool, completed the Dayu water control, and at the same time Zaogao created a fiefdom, used bronze, and then also had the earliest record of a solar eclipse.

The greatness of the Shang Dynasty was mainly due to the laying of the foundation of the formation of the Chinese nation. Today's structure in China was gradually formed during the Yin Shang period. In particular, hail is the emergence of merchant groups, which has promoted the economic development of the Chinese nation and the improvement of people's lives.

Yin Shang culture (the common culture of the Xia and Shang dynasties) is the core culture of the Chinese nation, and it is also the fundamental guarantee that the Chinese nation will not fall for thousands of years.

It promoted the development of Chinese civilization, proved that we did have a slave society in history, let me scumbags discover the oracle bone inscription, and made contributions to future civilizations.

At that time, the bronze production was very superb, and there were many excellent works, and there were some oracle bone inscriptions at that time, which have been preserved and photographed in the museum. The system of that time also has a serious impact on us now. The social forms of the time also gave rise to different social civilizations.

The previous dynasty made outstanding contributions to the development of Chinese civilization in Zidong, making the subsequent development more perfect, and also laying a good foundation for the subsequent development, accelerating the evolution of the history of dry books and selling and accelerating the growth of civilization, and improving the formulation of some laws and regulations.

The culture of the Shang Dynasty was a splendid civilization, and the Shang Dynasty had:

1. The world's largest bronze - Simu Wu Dafang Ding;

2. There is the world's earliest record of a solar eclipse;

3. The Shang Dynasty script has been basically finalized, and it is the progressive script in the world at that time, thus beginning the history of Chinese characters that can be examined.

The cultural changes during the Shang and Zhou dynasties were mainly due to the development of the patriarchal system.

The patriarchal system evolved from the patriarchal patriarchal system of the clan society, and was a system in which the royal nobility distributed state power according to blood relations in order to establish hereditary rule. It is characterized by the integration of the clan organization and the state organization, and the complete unity of the patriarchal and political hierarchies.

This system was established in the Xia Dynasty, developed in the Shang Dynasty, completed in the Zhou Dynasty, and influenced the later feudal dynasties. According to the patriarchal system of the Zhou Dynasty, the clans were divided into large and small clans. The king of Zhou called himself the Son of Heaven and called the great sect under the rough elimination of the heavens.

The sons of the Son of Heaven other than the eldest son were made princes. The princes were small sects to the Son of Heaven, but they were large sects in his fiefdoms. The other sons of the princes of Bench Town were given the title of Prince.

Doctor Qing was a small sect to the princes, but he was a large sect in his estate. The same is true from doctors to scholars. Therefore, the eldest son of the nobles is always the eldest son of the clan (zongzi) who is judged by different ranks.

The Great Sect not only enjoyed the right to rule over the members of the clan, but also enjoyed political privileges. Later, the rulers of various dynasties reformed the patriarchal system and gradually established a feudal patriarchal system composed of political power, clan power, divine power, and husband power.

The social economy of the Shang Dynasty was dominated by agriculture, agriculture was the decisive production sector at that time, the handicraft industry developed rapidly, and the bronze casting industry was the most important handicraft industry department in the Shang Dynasty. The oracle bone inscription is an important symbol of the development of the Shang Dynasty culture, and the Shang Dynasty writing is mainly preserved on the tortoise shell and the shoulder blade of the ox, so it becomes the oracle bone inscription. The content is mostly to record divination, so it is also called "divination".

There is also some literature on the bronzes and other objects, but there are few of them, and the oracle bone inscriptions are actually archival materials from the Shang dynasty. Shang Dynasty nobles, etc., both conquest, field hunting, disease, agriculture of the weather of the weather, wind and rain, etc., have to use the method of divination to ask the ghosts and gods, these divination records are the oracle bone inscription in the late Shang Dynasty Chengdu Yin Ruins found oracle bone words, about more than 100,000 days of oracle bone inscription words total about 3,500 words, has been known about 2,000 words or so, oracle bone words have extremely important value for the study of the history and culture of the Shang Dynasty. The Shang Dynasty already had a considerable level of astronomical knowledge and relatively perfect legislation, and the progress of astronomy and legislation was closely related to the development of agricultural production.

Characteristics of Shang Dynasty culture.

It is to respect the gods, the ghosts, the ghosts before the rituals. Early Shang Dynasty bronzes have a unique shape. Ding, mustache and other food utensils three-legged. There must be a foot and an ear in a vertical line, and there is a sense of visual imbalance. The columnar feet such as Ding and Zhu form conical feet and abdomen.

This is due to the fact that at that time, the casting of the fan core was not fully enclosed. The square tripod is huge, and the container part is square and deep bucket shaped, which is completely different from the rectangular trough shape of the square tripod in the Yinxu period. The shape of Jue inherits the cultural style of Erlitou.

Like, — the law is flattened with a flat bottom. The stream is very narrow and long. In addition to the flat-bottomed bronze skull, there is also a bag-foot skull. Yao, Zun, Ou, Wei and other circle-foot vessels all have +-shaped large holes, which are quite Erligang upper layer of the vessel, and the + glyph has become a large square hole.

Target. Some are even on the edge of the circle, leaving several gaps, and such examples have been unearthed in Zhengzhou and Huangpi Panlongcheng. The semi-capped pouch with the pipe flow obliquely placed on the top of the tubing, and there is a large hammer on the back side to hold, which is quite distinctive in this period. It's all narrow.

The lips are high, the neck has shoulders, and the body is also high. In the early Shang Dynasty, there were two kinds of pots with handles: those with long necks, leaking branches, small mouths, drums, belly shapes, and small mouthparts with hanging gourds, and small mouthparts with low necks and no handles.

The main body of the early Shang Dynasty bronze ornamentation has been.

It is the animal face pattern, composed of rough hook and whirlwind lines, all are deformed patterns, except for the round eyes of the beast, as a symbol, the rest of the Hui stripes do not specifically show the various parts of the image, the ornamentation is more flat carving, the individual main pattern appears in relief, the upper layer of Erligang, Wei and other instruments have been decorated with the sacrificial head of Chang high relief on the shoulder. All animal face patterns or other animal patterns do not have thunder patterns as the ground, which is characteristic of this period. The geometric patterns of the early Shang Dynasty were extremely simple, with some rough thunder.

There are also single or multiple rows of beaded lines, and nipple nail lines have also appeared.

The bronzes of the early Shang Dynasty have very few inscriptions, and it was previously believed that the turtle shapes on the individual were words, but in fact they were still ornaments rather than words.

Excerpt from netizens, thank you.