A brief history of the development of amorphous alloys, and the development status of zirconium base

Summary. With the acceleration of the construction of new infrastructure, 5G base stations, big data centers, etc., as well as the rapid development of new energy vehicles and smart phones, amorphous alloys and amorphous nanocrystalline materials will usher in huge market application prospects in the field of soft magnetic materials by virtue of their unique performance competitive advantages.

According to the conference report, the global soft magnetic materials market will grow at a compound growth rate, and due to the expansion of end-user industries such as electronics, telecommunications, and automobiles, the global soft magnetic market size will reach 100 million US dollars by 2022.

Development status of zirconium-based amorphous alloys.

With the acceleration of the construction of new base games, 5G base stations, big data centers, etc., as well as the rapid development of new energy vehicles and smart phones, amorphous alloys and amorphous nano Shensojing materials will usher in huge market application prospects in the field of soft magnetic materials with their unique performance competitive advantages. According to the conference report, the global soft magnetic materials market will grow at a compound growth rate, and due to the expansion of end-user industries such as electronics, telecommunications, and automobiles, the global soft magnetic market size will reach 100 million US dollars by 2022.

From the specific application point of view, in the field of new energy vehicles, amorphous alloy materials are mainly used in transformers, inductors, common mode inductors and other magnetic materials and powder core materials, which have the application advantages of magnetic core not easy to oxidize and infiltrate Chunqin rust, high saturation magnetic induction intensity, low hysteresis loss, and powder is easy to refine. Problems such as insufficient mechanical strength of the core due to the difficulty of pressing and molding.

If the problem is solved, remember.

Not of this type.

Amorphous alloy is a kind of new mountain-shaped metal material, also known as metallic glass, or liquid metal, obtained by inhibiting the crystallization of alloy melt atoms and maintaining and regulating the disordered structure characteristics of the melt through modern metallurgical new technology - rapid solidification technology and entropy control concept in recent decades. This material is synthesized by modulating the new path and path and concept of material structure "order" or "entropy", and has the properties of glass, gold, solid, liquid and other substances. It subverts the traditional way of thinking about the design and preparation of metal materials based on composition and defects.

Breaking through the inherent concept of the orderly atomic structure of metal materials, the strength, toughness, elasticity, corrosion resistance, radiation resistance and other performance indicators of metal materials have been improved to an unprecedented height, changing the appearance of ancient metal structural materials. Amorphous, high-entropy and other modular-free Chang sequence alloys have shown great significance and strategic value in basic research and technical applications, and play an increasingly important role in high-tech fields such as energy, information, environmental protection and energy conservation, aviation, aerospace, medical and health care, and national defense. Fundamental research in the field of disordered alloys will continue to drive the revolution in materials technology and a deeper understanding of material behavior, and can lead to the generation of new material devices and systems.

The focus is on the zirconium base.

Brother has limited abilities and can only help you find these.

Fe-based amorphous alloys

Iron-based amorphous alloy is composed of 80% Fe and 20% Si, class B metal elements, which has the characteristics of high saturation magnetic induction strength (magnetic permeability, excitation current and iron loss are better than silicon steel sheets, especially low iron loss (1 3 1 5 of oriented silicon steel sheets), and can save 60 70% energy instead of silicon steel distribution transformers. The strip thickness of iron-based amorphous alloy is about about one, and it is widely used in distribution transformers, high-power switching power supplies, pulse transformers, magnetic amplifiers, intermediate frequency transformers and inverter cores, and is suitable for use at frequencies below 10kHz.

Due to the ultra-rapid condensation, the atoms do not have time to arrange and crystallize in an orderly manner when the alloy is solidified, and the obtained solid alloy is a long-range disordered structure, and there is no grain and grain boundary of the crystalline alloy, which is called an amorphous alloy, which is called a revolution in metallurgical materials science. This amorphous alloy has many unique properties, such as excellent magnetism, corrosion resistance, wear resistance, high strength, hardness and toughness, high resistivity and electromechanical coupling properties, etc. Due to its excellent performance and simple process, it has become the focus of research and development in the material science community at home and abroad since the 80s.

In the past thousands of years, the metals or alloys used by human beings have been crystalline materials, and their atoms are arranged in an orderly manner in the three-dimensional space to form a periodic lattice structure.

Amorphous metals or alloys refer to the condensation state in which the liquid atoms are retained at room temperature or low temperature when the substance is rapidly cooled from the liquid (or gaseous) state, and the atoms are no longer ordered, periodic and regularly arranged in a long range. Amorphous gold alloys with ferromagnetism are also known as ferromagnetic metallic glass or magnetic glassy alloys, and for the sake of description, they are all referred to as amorphous alloys below.

After having a preliminary understanding of amorphous alloys, let's take a look at a very promising application area of amorphous alloys - amorphous transformers. The amorphous alloy core transformer is a transformer made of a new type of magnetic conductive material - amorphous alloy core, which is about 75% lower than the no-load loss of the silicon steel sheet as the core transformer (referring to the power loss measured in the primary when the transformer is secondary open), and the no-load current (when the transformer is secondary open, there is still a certain current in the primary, this part of the current is called the no-load current) is reduced by about 80%, which is the distribution transformer with ideal energy-saving effect at present. It is especially suitable for places with low load rates, such as rural power grids and developing areas. After introducing the proprietary technology of amorphous alloy transformer from General Electric Company of the United States, Zhixin Electric, a listed company in China, independently innovated and developed amorphous alloy transformer series products suitable for the operation of China's power grid through digestion and absorption, and has become the largest professional manufacturer of amorphous alloy transformer in China, which proves that the broad market space of amorphous materials.

Since 2006, the sharp price increase of silicon steel has led to amorphous ** even lower than silicon steel; At the same time, its energy-saving effect has also attracted attention due to the emphasis on energy issues. Amorphous strip has a lower loss rate, when used in new distribution transformers, can play a good role in reducing power consumption, with the acceleration of China's transformer market to amorphous distribution transformer development, the market of amorphous strip is expanding.

At present, there are only two companies engaged in the production of amorphous materials in the world: China's Antai Technology and Japan's Hitachi Metal Corporation. Hitachi Metals entered the amorphous alloys business in 2003 after purchasing a 50% stake in Alliedsignal in the United States.

At the end of 2006, Hitachi Metals has expanded its amorphous production capacity from about 30,000 tons to 60,000 tons, which makes Hitachi Metals in an absolute monopoly position in this field. Antai Technology is still in the position of a catch-up, but fortunately, Antai Technology is far ahead of the catch-up, because in addition to Hitachi Metals and Antai Technology, there is basically no third company in the world that can mass-produce the technology and process of amorphous strip. According to the expansion plan that Antai Technology has just started, the amorphous production capacity will also be expanded to 50,000 tons in the next three years.

Once the production capacity can be successfully expanded, the future amorphous material market will only belong to Hitachi Metals and Antai Technology.

A metal or alloy solid that does not have a three-dimensional periodic arrangement of atoms.

It does not have a long-range ordered crystal lattice arrangement beyond the range of more than a few atomic spacing.

Compared with ordinary crystalline metals and alloys, amorphous metals and alloys have higher strength, good magnetic properties and corrosion resistance, and are often called metallic glasses or glassy alloys. It can partially replace soft magnetic materials such as silicon steel, glass alloy and ferrite, and the comprehensive properties are higher than these materials.

The first amorphous alloy was discovered by American scientists through electrolysis around 1940, and later another American scientist made a gold-silicon amorphous alloy by liquid solidification. In the seventies and eighties of the last century, many scientists studied amorphous alloys, but there has been little progress, until 1990, Zhang Tao, a Chinese student, discovered a large amorphous material during his study in Japan. Since then, large amorphous materials have developed rapidly, and now domestic universities and scientific research institutions have more research on metal amorphous materials, and the scientific research results are also more prominent.

Based on the good properties of amorphous metal materials, most of the research is on how to apply large amorphous materials to production. However, due to the fact that the system of amorphous alloys is not very perfect, and there are not many types, there are also a large number of scientific research teams developing new amorphous alloys.

1.Water quenching.

2.Copper mold suction casting method.

3.Copper mold spray casting banquet method.

4.Throwing tape. 5.Directional coagulation.

6.Powder smelting socks hail gold.

7.High-energy ball mill.

Wait for Xiangfan. <>

The alloys that form amorphous states can be roughly divided into two categories: one is the transition group of metals-metal-like systems, and its metal-like components account for about 15 25at%; Another metal-metal system, the composition of solute metals generally accounts for about 25 50at%. However, some alloys that fall outside of this composition range can also form amorphous structures under quenching.

According to computer simulations, even pure metals can be obtained by atomic deposition or by melt quenching at cooling rates greater than 1012 ks. The ease with which a metal alloy can form an amorphous state is often referred to as the tendency to form glass. It varies greatly depending on the composition of the alloy.

According to the theory of critical cooling rate, the larger the reduced glass transition temperature Trg (i.e., the ratio of the glass transition temperature tg to the melting temperature tm of the alloy, tg tm), the smaller the critical cooling rate required to inhibit the crystallization nucleation and form an amorphous state, and the easier it is to form an amorphous state. The Trg of most amorphous alloys is in the range, and the actual amorphous alloys are generally near the deep eutectic composition or on the alloy composition with a relatively low melting point. From the perspective of atomic size, the ratio of the atomic radius of the two components (R1 and R2) in the amorphous alloy needs to meet the conditions of R1 R2 < or R1 R2>.

From the perspective of metal electronism, the amorphous metal is treated as a near-free electron solid, and the alloy composition that satisfies the condition of 2kf = qp (kf is the mode of the Fermi wave vector and qp is the reciprocal distance of the first peak of the structural factor) is relatively stable.

The emergence of amorphous alloys has brought major changes in materials to the high-tech industry, and its development and application can drive technological progress and coordinated development in a number of related fields.

In the field of electronic technology, amorphous alloys have excellent physical properties such as high efficiency, high magnetic permeability and low loss, which effectively promotes the development of electronic components in the direction of high efficiency, high frequency, energy saving and miniaturization, and can partially replace traditional silicon steel, permalloy and ferrite and other materials. We can ** that in the field of electronic technology in the future, amorphous alloys will occupy a very important position.

If this amorphous alloy is used in power technology, it can be used as a distribution transformer made of iron core material, and its no-load losses can be reduced by 60 to 80 percent compared with silicon steel core transformers of the same capacity. By using this transformer, nearly 50 10 9 kWh of no-load losses can be saved per year, and the economic benefits of energy saving are also very considerable. It reduces the fuel consumption of power generation while reducing the power loss, thereby reducing the emission of harmful gases such as CO2, SO2, NOx, etc.

Therefore, amorphous alloy is also a green and environmentally friendly material.

China is a country with a severe shortage of energy in the world, and it is also the country with the fastest growth in energy consumption.

China has invested a lot of money in the development of this amorphous alloy industry and organized scientific and technological research. Through continuous efforts, China has made scientific research achievements in basic research, materials research, process equipment, application development and industrialization of the forerunners, and many projects have reached the international advanced level, creating a good scientific and technological environment for the industrialization of amorphous materials. Therefore, the 1,000-ton iron-based amorphous strip production line and the corresponding amorphous distribution transformer core production line have been successfully established, which marks that the production and application of amorphous microcrystalline materials in China have entered the stage of industrialization.

China's research and development of 1,000-ton amorphous strip production line successfully sprayed 220 mm wide strip, but also successfully realized the first automatic coiling, in the implementation of the project, highlighting the engineering and matching, which marks that China has reached the international advanced level in the research and production of amorphous materials. In addition, China has also made breakthroughs in the key technologies for the industrialization of amorphous strips, the manufacturing technology of amorphous distribution transformer cores, the preparation technology of amorphous wires, and the application and development technology of amorphous iron cores. Internationally, many countries have also invested huge sums of money to develop this amorphous alloy industry.

Amorphous alloy is a high-tech material, also known as a cross-century material with new functions. It is a key material in high-tech fields such as electric power, electronics, computers, and communications, and has excellent physical, chemical and mechanical properties. Its market demand will be very large, and the prospect of industrialization will be very broad.