How does the virus spread from animals to humans?

Many human diseases are transmitted from animals, and the hosts of many microorganisms themselves include humans, and those pathogens that can only infect animals may also have the ability to infect humans due to mutations, and they can be transmitted to humans with contact with animals.

Viruses are the smallest material in nature that can be made into living organisms, but they do not have the ability to survive on their own, and they must complete life processes such as reproduction in the cell body. Because the living environment is not very different, the composition of viruses that can infect humans and viruses that infect animals will be different. Viruses are made up of capsid proteins and nucleic acids inside, which are used for reproduction, and protein capsids are the key to their recognition and entry into the cell, so the host of the virus will be different.

There are many differences between human and animal cell composition, viruses that mainly infect animals are generally difficult to infect the human body, and due to the influence of the evolutionary process, organisms also fix the genes of some viruses in their own genes, so as to eliminate the impact of those viruses, and 8% of the genes in the human body come from retroviruses. However, although the life form of viruses is simple, it is still constantly evolving, they are a large population, and if humans are exposed to too many viruses, the mutant strains in them may infect the human body.

Human contact with animals is nothing more than physical contact, or prey on animals as food, there are also a very small number of areas will capture creatures like humans to satisfy some selfish desires, human beings have never cut off contact with animals in the course of evolution, then the virus that originally belonged to animal pathogens may infect the human body. The original description of biological evolution in the theory of evolution mainly focused on three aspects: organisms have a strong ability to reproduce, which is very appropriate for viruses, their structure is simple, and the reproduction process is very fast; Not all of the organisms that reproduce will survive, and the adaptation of those who survive to the environment will change; In the long run, the traits of living things will change greatly.

For viruses, as long as they infect animals, the number will be very large, and if humans eat animals as food, or have close contact with animals, those mutated individuals may infect humans and cause human diseases. This is also the reason why animal and human diseases will manifest differently under the same virus.

Animal diseases can be transmitted to humans, mainly because organisms have the ability to evolve, and modern humans have not been able to completely separate themselves from animals and live alone, and the more animals they come into contact with, they may also be infected with some pathogens that originally only exist in animals and cause diseases. Viruses such as avian influenza, which are more well-known, have the ability to infect humans, but there are many types of avian influenza, and only some of them can infect people. The more humans come into contact with animals infected with a virus, the more likely they are to be exposed to the variability of the virus and become infected.

Sick animals don't usually infect humans, but when they do, these cross-species infections, also known as viral host transfers, can produce deadly epidemics.

Because animals and humans are inseparable, when humans come into contact with animals, they will infect themselves with viruses from animals.

Animals contain viruses in their bodies or bodies, and there is a certain probability that the virus will move to the human body while coming into contact with humans, or it will not be fully cooked during cooking, and the virus will not be killed and enter the human body at the same time as eating. There are various other channels through which humans come into contact with animals.

Virus culture method:

1) Animal inoculation: The virus can multiply in large quantities after entering the body of susceptible animals through injection, oral administration and other routes, and make the animals produce specific reactions. Pros:

Easy to operate. Disadvantages: Affected by the body's immunity, germ-free animals are often required.

Applications: Isolation and proliferation of viruses, vaccine efficacy testing, production of vaccines and antiserum.

2) Chicken embryo culture: Generally, 9-12-day-old chicken embryos are inoculated in the yolk sac.

Internal, amniotic cavity, allantoic cavity and other parts. Signs of viral growth are embryo death, deformity, and hemorrhage. It is used for virus isolation and vaccine production.

3) Tissue culture of pseudo-weaving: a method of culturing viruses on living cells in vitro.

1) Tissue block culture: take tissue pieces (such as a fetal trachea or a small piece of nasal mucosa) for culture.

2) Cell culture.

After the virus infects the cells, most cause cytopathy, which is called the cytopathogenic effect of the virus. It is manifested as cell deformation, granulation in the cytoplasm, nuclear concentration, nuclear lysis, etc.

If it's a pet.........It is important to pay attention to their hygiene, diet and other aspects, try not to eat animal meat (except pork), try not to do intimate movements.........

Do not get close to the animal and stay away from the source of infection, block the route of infection, and strengthen your own immunity.

Don't eat unhealthy animal food and don't go to places with a lot of animals.

If you have a dog and you are bitten by a dog, you should go to the epidemic prevention station as soon as possible to get vaccinated.

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