What are the causes of motor neurons?

Motor neuron disease (MND) is a group of chronic, progressive neurodegenerative diseases of the anterior horn cells of the spinal cord, motor neurons of the brainstem, pyramidal cells of the cortex, and pyramidal tract of the spinal cord with an unspecified choice. The incidence is about 13.1 million per year and the prevalence is 48.1 million per year. Since most patients die within 3 to 5 years of symptom onset, the prevalence of the disease is relatively close to the incidence.

MND** is not well understood, but it is generally believed that it is caused by the exposure of genetically susceptible individuals to adverse environments with age, i.e., a combination of genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of MND.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a motor neuron disease with muscle weakness, muscle contractures, fasciculations and atrophy as the main clinical manifestations, which affects the muscles of the throat and makes patients have difficulty speaking and swallowing; It can also affect the respiratory muscles, causing dyspnea and death. The onset is insidious, the progression is slow, and it is more common after the age of 40. The disease is unknown, and it usually dies within a few years of onset.

Modern Western medicine has no effective measures to stop the progression of the disease.

At present, the early diagnosis of motor neuron disease is still difficult, and misdiagnosis is common.

Nerve damage viral invasion.

Causes speech and swallowing difficulties in the patient; It can also affect the respiratory muscles, causing dyspnea and death. The onset is insidious, and the progression is slow

The current ** motor neuron disease is not very clear, and there are many hypotheses, mainly legacy mechanisms, oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, neurotrophic factor disorders, autoimmune mechanisms, viral infections and environmental factors.

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The exact nature and pathogenesis of motor neuron disease are unknown. It may cause the accumulation of toxic substances in the nervous system for various reasons, especially the increase of free radicals and excitatory amino acids, and damage nerve cells and cause disease.

First, the main **.

1. Genetic factors: most of the motor neuron disease is sporadic, a few have a family history, and the inheritance mode is mainly autosomal dominant. The most common causative gene is the copper (zinc) superoxide dismutase (SOD-1) gene on chromosome 21.

2. Infection and immunity: Some researchers believe that the onset of the disease may be related to poliovirus, enterovirus, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and when the infection invades neurons, patients will have corresponding clinical manifestations.

3. Metallic elements: The onset of motor neuron disease may be related to certain metals, such as lead, mercury, aluminum, etc., and the difference in the content of metallic elements in the environment may also be the reason for the high incidence of geography in some regions.

4. Nutritional disorders: Some researchers have found that vitamin B1 and vitamin B1 monophosphate in the plasma of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are reduced, which may lead to normal metabolic disorders of neurons, which in turn leads to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

5. Neurotransmitters: The level of inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA in the cerebrospinal fluid of ALS patients is significantly reduced, while norepinephrine is increased, and the more severe the disease, the more obvious this change is, and some studies have shown that the neurocytotoxic effect of excitatory amino acids (mainly glutamate and aspartic acid) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of ALS.

2. Predisposing factors.

1. Trauma: The human body may cause nerve damage after trauma, and then the corresponding symptoms appear, and most patients with motor neuron disease have a history of trauma of varying degrees.

2. Excessive physical labor: some data show that miners, heavy manual laborers, etc. have a greater chance of suffering from motor neuron disease, because through excessive physical labor, many metabolites in the body cannot be eliminated from the body in time, and the functional metabolism of nerves will also be damaged to varying degrees.

1. Genetic factors.

Genetic factors are a typical cause of MND, because the incidence of the disease itself is very low, and after statistics, 5% to 10% of people suffer from this disease because of family inheritance.

2. Immune factors.

Motor neuron disease can also be caused by an abnormality in the immune system. For diseases caused by this immune factor, the abnormal status of antibodies and immune complexes in the body can be clearly detected through serological examination, and patients need to be treated in time**. Because there is a problem with the immune system, it will not only cause motor neuron disease, but if it is not controlled in time, it will also cause some other complications, and the damage to the body is very great.

3. Viral infection.

Viral infection is a very common cause of motor neuron disease**, if the patient's physical fitness is relatively poor, it is very susceptible to the invasion of various viruses, so that it will be infected by the virus, causing motor neuron disease.

Motor neuron disease is mostly sporadic, and the disease is not particularly clear, and it may be related to neurotrophic factor disorders, autoimmunity, and genetics. In addition, certain metal poisonings may also contribute to the development of motor neuron disease. This disease is mainly in middle-aged and elderly men, but of course some young people also suffer from this disease.

A more representative figure is the famous physicist "Stephen Hawking".

Artineuron disease is unknown, and various diseases can lead to chronic progressive degenerative diseases of motor neurons, anterior horn cells of the spinal cord, and vertebral cells in the posterior group of the brainstem. The disease is caused by genetically predisposed individuals and the unfavorable environment in which the patient is exposed, and many people generally support this view. Familial and sporadic amyotrophy was observed, with significant overlap in lateral sclerosis.

Motor neuron is a disease that limits the movement of the limbs, and Jin Kui Huan Yuan Tang can improve the symptoms.

Motor neurone disease is commonly known as ALS, and the more famous person is Stephen Hawking. Motor neuron disease only invades the motor system, it can invade the pyramidal cells of the cerebral cortex, the corticospinal tract, the motor nerve cells of the brainstem, and the anterior horn cells of the spinal cord, so it mainly invades the motor system and the sensory system is not affected. Motor neuron disease can be divided into four types:

The first type is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, in which both upper and lower motor neurons are affected; The second type is progressive muscular dystrophy; The third type is progressive bulbar palsy, which is mainly manifested by dysphagia, bulbar symptoms, bulbar symptoms, and mild symptoms of the limbs; The fourth is primary lateral sclerosis; Of these, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is the most common. At present, for this type of motor neuron disease, especially motor neuron disease represented by amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, the effect is not very good, and there is generally no specificity. If the economic conditions are good, minoxole** can be used**, but it can only delay the course of the disease, and the patient may die in 3 to 5 years due to dyspnea and inability to eat, so there is no good way for motor neuron disease **, so it is called ALS.

The main ** of moving neurons refers to the appearance of his body, which is a walking threat or related to the brain.

**Unknown. In 20% of cases, it may be related to heredity or genetic defects. In addition, some environmental factors, such as heavy metal poisoning, can cause motor neuron damage. The main theories of the causes of motor neuron damage are:

1.Neurotoxic substances accumulate and glutamate accumulates between nerve cells, causing damage to nerve cells over time.

2.Free radicals damage nerve cell membranes.

3.Nerve growth factor deficiency prevents nerve cells from growing and developing sustainably.

Motor neuron disease is manifested by upper and lower motor neuron disease, chronic progressive neurodegenerative disease, motor neuron disease is not very clear, mainly considering the following factors, one is genetic factors, some motor neuron disease has an obvious family history, but most of the motor neuron disease is sporadic. The second is the toxic effect of excitatory amino acids. The third is oxidative stress.

Fourth, viral infections, the viruses that cause MND are mainly prions and human immunodeficiency viruses. Fifth, immune factors.

Motor neuron disease is a chronic degenerative disease of the Shenqi Hu meridian system, which will progressively worsen once the course of the disease occurs, and the clinical manifestations are lesions of upper motor neurons and lower motor neurons at the same time, or in different combinations of lesions. Characteristic manifestations are muscle weakness and muscle atrophy of the skeletal muscles, with positive pyramidal tract signs or bulbar palsy, unaffected sensory system, and normal bowel and bowel function. MND can be divided into 4 common types:

1. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, which is one of the most common ones, is also known as ALS, which involves both upper and lower motor neurons at the same time.

2. Progressive amyotrophy, which is relatively rare, is dominated by motor neuron damage.

3. Progressive bulbar paralysis, mainly bulbar palsy, mainly progressive hoarseness, difficulty swallowing, choking on drinking water and other symptoms.

4. Primary lateral sclerosis, the rarest, symmetrical stiffness and weakness of both lower limbs, and a more characteristic scissor gait when walking.

Motor neuron disease (MND) is a rare disease, and the onset of patients with leakage is relatively insidious. At the very beginning of the disease, patients may present with a sudden inability to hold chopsticks in their hands, or occasional unexplained falls while walking without any noticeable symptoms. As the disease progresses, patients also develop other symptoms of MND.

Initially, persistent weakness or muscle spasms in one arm or leg, muscle leakage and throbbing pain that may cause difficulty moving some limbs, or the patient may have slurred speech and problems with the muscles that have the ability to swallow begin to return to the stool, causing the patient to have difficulty swallowing. This stage is often overlooked, because the patient's symptoms are not severe, and some MND can be detected early if the electromyography is performed in a timely manner. Jin Kui returns the yuan soup**.

The pathogenesis of motor neuron disease is not clear, and there are many hypotheses, such as genetic mechanisms, oxidation, excitotoxicity, neurotrophic factor disorders, autoimmune mechanisms, etc., and the current consensus is that oxidative damage and excitotoxicity on the basis of genetic background jointly damage motor neurons. Infect.

with immunity. Some scholars believe that it may be related to prions and human immunodeficiency viruses.

HIV). Immune function tests revealed amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

The number and function of T cells in the patient's blood are abnormal, and immune complexes are formed, and it is speculated that the patient's serum may have a toxic effect on nerve blocks such as anterior horn cells.

Metal poisoning. Motor neuron disease may be associated with certain metal poisoning or deficiencies in certain elements. Studies have found that retrograde axonal flow of aluminum can cause anterior horn cell toxicity, leading to the development of disease.

Genetic factors. The disease is mostly sporadic, with 5% to 10% of patients having a family history, and the mode of inheritance is mainly autosomal dominant. The most common causative gene is the copper (zinc) superoxide dismutase gene.

About 20% of familial and 2% of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are associated with mutations in this gene.

The activity of human muscles, such as speaking, walking, breathing, and swallowing, are controlled by motor neurons. Motor neuron disease is divided into four categories: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, progressive amyotrophy, progressive bulbar palsy, and primary lateral sclerosis, with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis being the most common.

The early symptoms of the disease are not obvious, and many people do not realize that they have the disease. Symptoms usually worsen slowly, and some people progress slightly more quickly. Common symptoms include muscle weakness, muscle atrophy, muscle spasms, difficulty swallowing, choking, slurred speech, etc.

Mixed form of upper and lower motor neuron disease. Usually the first symptom is hand muscle weakness and atrophy, which generally starts from one side and then spreads to the opposite side, and with the development of the disease, there are mixed symptoms of upper and lower motor neuron damage, which is called amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In the late stage of the disease, the muscles of the whole body are emaciated and atrophied, so that they cannot raise their heads, have difficulty breathing, and are bedridden.

The disease usually occurs between the ages of 40 and 60, and about 5 to 10% have a family history, and the course of the disease varies in speed and progression.

This disease is very common in our daily life, but most patients find that they have this disease, but they do not understand the cause of this disease.

1. What are the main motor neurons**? Viral infection and immunodeficiency are a toxic disease caused by anterior horn cell toxicity, and some people believe that human immunodeficiency virus can cause damage to the spinal cord and may cause motor neuron disease, and the immune function measured in patients has found elevated immunoglobulins, immune complex formation, and positive antiganglioside antibodies.

2. Metal elements: Some scholars believe that the occurrence of this disease is related to the lack of some metal poisoning and some metal element deficiencies.

3. What are the main motor neurons**? Other factors: Some scholars believe that genetic factors can also cause the disease.

According to statistics, 5% to 10% of cases have a tendency to run in families, and coconut oil scholars believe that the occurrence of this disease is also related to nutritional disorders, metabolic endocrine, enzyme deficiencies and hypoxia.

Tips: The above is about the question of "what are the main motor neurons", I believe everyone understands, and finally reminds everyone: after understanding the motor neurons, we must pay attention to reasonable prevention.

For some patients who have already been diagnosed, it is necessary to do it promptly.