The chemical composition and properties of glutinous rice straw.

The effects of acetic acid pretreatment on the main chemical components and enzymatic hydrolysis saccharification efficiency of rice straw were studied. The straw was treated with different acetic acid dosages (0 4%) at 160, and the klason lignin content of the straw remained basically unchanged after pretreatment, and about 60% of the acid-soluble lignin was removed. The ash content (mass fraction) is reduced by about 30%, and almost all of the SiO2 in the ash content is retained in the pretreated slurry. The increase of the amount of acetic acid in the pretreatment had no significant effect on the changes of acid-soluble lignin and ash content.

After pretreatment, the degradation degree of macrosaccharides increased with the increase of acetic acid dosage, and the degradation degree of hemicellulose was particularly significant, and arabinan and galactan were dissolved in large quantities. The enzymatic hydrolysis study of rice straw pretreated with acetic acid showed that the increase of acetic acid dosage in pretreatment did not help to improve the yield of reducing sugar in the enzymatic hydrolysate. When the amount of cellulase was 40 fpu g (to the substrate), the enzymatic hydrolysis conversion efficiency of the macrosaccharides in the straw was the highest, the conversion rates of dextran and xylan were the same, and the total sugar conversion rate was the same.

Mainly cellulose, vitamin B complex.

The main components are potassium carbonate (K2CO3) and mineral elements.

The main component of plant ash is potassium carbonate (K2CO3) with a relative molecular weight of 138. Grass ash fertilizer is the ash of plants after burning, so it is the mineral element contained in all plants, and almost all plant ash contains it.

Among them, the most abundant is potassium, which generally contains 6 12% potassium, of which more than 90% is water-soluble and exists in the form of carbonate; followed by phosphorus, which generally contains; It also contains calcium, magnesium, silicon, sulfur and micronutrients such as iron, manganese, copper, zinc, boron, molybdenum, etc.

Ash fertilizer can be divided into grass ash, wood ash and plant ash fertilizer. The amount of phosphorus pentoxide, potassium oxide and other elements is as follows:

Grass ash,; Wood Dust:;

Plant ash:. In addition, plant ash also contains the above calcium oxide. Since the potassium contained in plant ash is mainly potassium carbonate, which is an alkaline fertilizer, potassium carbonate in plant ash reacts with ammonium nitrogen to produce volatile ammonia and lose nitrogen. Therefore, plant ash should not be mixed with farmhouse fertilizer and ammonium nitrogen fertilizer.

If it is not suitable for mixed use with ammonium carbonate, ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, ammonia, etc.

In addition, although urea is a neutral organic nitrogen fertilizer, urea is hydrolyzed into ammonium carbonate or ammonium bicarbonate when applied to the soil. Therefore, plant ash is still not suitable for mixing with urea.

The main components in straw ash are carbonates of sodium and potassium, chlorides, sulfates, nitrates, and phosphates.

Straw ash composition, properties and applications.

Abstract The main components in straw ash are sodium, potassium carbonate, chloride, sulfate, nitrate, phosphate.

The potassium content in the straw ash is about and the phosphorus chloride content is about it, which is a good plant fertilizer.

Straw ash has the function of inhibiting the growth of fungi.

The growth rate of straw ash for sunflower was more stable than that of urea and ammonium sulfate.

Straw ash is used as a nutrient to cultivate mung bean sprouts, and the vitamin C content is twice as high as that of clear water cultivators.

Use straw ash instead of carbon as a reducing agent.

This has something to do with the molecular structure of the two. Both indica and glutinous rice are chemically starch and belong to polysaccharides, and their constituent units are glucose. Glucose is also a constituent unit of sucrose, cellulose, etc.

The difference is that most of the starch molecules in indica rice are amylose, while most of the starch molecules in glutinous rice are amylopectin. So indica rice is not sticky and glutinous rice is sticky (about explaining what is sticky and what is not sticky, we have a later story, and we will talk about it in a separate post).

Indica rice is slower to digest because it is amylose. This is because the enzymes that break down starch can only work from one end of the starch, which is the non-reducing end, when they break down starch. An amylose has only one reducing end and one non-reducing end, so the breakdown of an amylose, regardless of the number of enzymes it decomposes, at a certain point in time, can only be broken down by one enzyme molecule.

It's like a big factory, there is only one import, no matter how many workers (enzymes) there are, only one person can enter at a time. Glutinous rice is a amylopectin with multiple non-reducing ends, that is, there are multiple non-reducing ends on a molecule of amylopectin, and at these non-reducing ends, multiple enzymes can decompose starch at multiple non-reducing ends at the same time. Therefore, for the same mass of amylopectin and amylose, the former can be broken down quickly, while the latter takes longer to break down completely.

This is the reason why amylose is not easily digested after eating, causing a bloated stomach. And glutinous rice digests quickly, and if you eat less, you will be hungry quickly.

Glutinous rice is very white before it is cooked, much whiter than ordinary rice, and you can see at a glance that the rice grains are also a little pointy. Cooked glutinous rice is very sticky and fragrant, and it is delicious to use glutinous rice to make zongzi. Glutinous rice porridge is more delicious than ordinary rice cooking!

Take a look at the list of ingredients for glutinous rice yourself!

The starch contained in the two kinds of rice is different, and the amylopectin contained in glutinous rice is insoluble in water and has high viscosity.

Nutritional efficacy.

Grow muscle, increase immunity, promote ** iron supplementation, blood replenishment and anti-aging.

Antipyretic, analgesic and anti-cancer prevention increase appetite.

Helps digestion and lowers lipids** to resist diseases and promote blood circulation.

It has the effect of calming the nerves and tempting the appetite.

The bean mother is a bean species.

Glutinous rice is a type of rice.

The straw is the stem of the millet and jujube brother who has not made rice (like a fruit growing on a tree, the skin of the grain stool is the fruit, and the straw is called the straw after the tree is dry).

The mother and child of the bean are broad bean species.

Glutinous rice straw is called glutinous rice straw when it is not grown.

The molecular chain of glutinous rice starch in high-temperature aqueous solution changes with other starch polysaccharides and PVA, which is essentially the hydrogen bond separation process of water molecules with improved free energy under thermodynamics and refractory molecules. My previous erroneous statement was hydrolysis, starch can only be catalyzed by acid and alkali aqueous solution and some chemicals, which is a chemical reaction, but it is not included in making rice cakes.

This question has been supplemented and revised since January 1, 2022, and has replaced the previous version on July 7, 2017).

1. In the first step, the rice is steamed and cooked, and the chemical changes.

2. Beat into cakes, physical changes.

3. Chemical changes.

Nourishing yin, strengthening the stomach, often used for self-sweating, night sweats, hepatitis, chyluria.