How is water produced? How is water formed?

When the Earth was first born, there were no rivers, no oceans, and no life, its surface was dry, and there was very little moisture in the atmosphere. So where does the vast sea, the rushing rivers, the vast lakes, the strange shapes of the 10,000-year-old ice and snow, the clear springs surging underground, and the rain, snow and clouds in the sky come from? It turns out that the Earth is formed by the aggregation of interstellar matter diverged from the solar nebula, and its basic composition is hydrogen and nitrogen, as well as some dust.

Solid dust aggregates and combines to form the Earth's inner core, surrounded by a large amount of gas. When the Earth was first formed, it had a loose structure, little mass, little gravitational pull, and a very low temperature. Later, due to the continuous shrinkage of the earth, the radioactive materials in the inner core produced energy, causing the temperature of the earth to continue to rise, some materials slowly warmed and melted, heavier materials, such as iron and nickel, gathered in the center to form the core, and the lightest substances floated on the surface.

As the temperature of the earth's surface gradually decreases, a hard crust begins to form on the surface. However, due to the high temperature in the Earth's interior, magma activity is very intense. Volcanic eruptions are frequent, and the earth's crust is constantly changing, with mountains rising in some places and subsiding into lowlands and valleys, while emitting large amounts of gas.

As the Earth's volume continues to shrink, the gravitational pull also increases, and at this time, these gases can no longer get rid of the Earth's gravitational pull, thus surrounding the Earth, forming the "primordial Earth atmosphere". The primordial atmosphere is made up of many components, and water vapor is one of them. Where does the water vapor come from?

The solid dust that made up the primitive earth is actually a large number of fragments made of aging planets**, and these fragments are mostly inorganic salts and the like, and many water molecules are stored in them, the so-called crystalline hydrates. The crystalline water in the crystalline hydrate is separated by the high temperature in the earth's interior and becomes water vapor. When the water vapor sprayed into the air reaches saturation, it cools into clouds, turns into rain, falls on the ground, gathers in low-lying places, gradually accumulates into lakes and rivers, and finally collects in the lowest areas of the surface to form the ocean.

When the water on the earth began to form, whether it was lakes or oceans, the amount of water was not very large, and as the water vapor produced in the interior of the earth was continuously sent into the atmosphere, the amount of water on the ground also increased, and after billions of years of earth evolution, it finally formed the rivers, lakes and seas that we see now.

The principle of nature is generated.

Water is composed of two hydrogen and one oxygen, which has become a well-established theory, and it seems that whoever wants to overturn it is at least mentally abnormal, but despite this, it seems more correct that I think that water is an isotope of neon, or that neon is an isotope of water. That is, water and neon are both 10 protons, and only neutron water has 3 less (or 2 less) than neon. So water should not be hydroxides, but should be renamed water is elemental.

Since water is elemental, water formation is similar to the formation of other elements, that is, when other elements are formed, water is formed at the same time as the neon element is formed. It is only the difference in the orientation of the universe that makes different planets produce different proportions of elements, or different places produce different proportions of elements, so some planets have water, some planets are water-poor, and even the water element is 0. So how is water formed?

The answer is that water is formed in the same way as other elements. That is, to understand the formation of the elements, it is to figure out how water is formed.

Some people may say that water can ionize oxygen, but that does not mean that water contains oxygen, but that water is produced by electricityNuclear fission, which can also be understood as:Artificial elements, i.e., it does not necessarily mean that water is an oxygenated compound. In addition, it is much less difficult to think of water as an isotope of an element than to think of water as a chemical compound, which is much less difficult to explain how water is formed. Otherwise, why does helium, which is also a noble gas, have isotopes, and when it comes to neon, water with the same protons and different neutrons cannot be regarded as an isotope of the noble gas neon?

That is, a different way of thinking may be bright. At this point, it is even possible to understand water as an isotope of boron, so that two atoms of boron isotopes form a water molecule, which is not necessarily unreasonable. In short, it seems to be a little more scientific to understand water as an isotope than to simply understand water as a compound.

1) Self-generation.

1.After the Earth coalesced from the primordial nebula into a planet, due to internal temperature changes and gravity, the matter was differentiated and convection, so the Earth gradually diverged into a sphere. In the process of differentiation, gases such as hydrogen and oxygen float to the surface, and then through various physical and chemical processes, water is finally formed.

2.Water is produced when basalt first melts and then cools to form the original crust. Originally, the Earth was an icy sphere.

After that, radioactive elements such as uranium and thorium present in the earth's interior begin to decay and release heat energy. As a result, the material in the Earth's interior also began to melt, the high-melting material sank, and the meltable material rose, from which the volatile substances were separated: nitrogen, oxygen, carbohydrates, sulfur and a large amount of water vapor, and experiments proved that when 1 m3 of granite melted, 26 l of water and many completely volatile compounds could be released.

3.Magma deep underground is rich in water, and experiments have shown that magma with a pressure of 15 kpa and a temperature of 1,0000C can dissolve 30% of water. The magma at the crater contains an average of 6% water, and some can reach 12%, and the deeper the earth, the higher the water content.

Based on this, it has been estimated that in the 4.5 billion years of the Earth's existence, deep magma would release half the amount of water in the modern global oceans.

4.Volcanic eruptions release large amounts of water. According to modern volcanic activity, almost every volcanic eruption emits more than 75% of water vapor.

The 1906 eruption of Mount Vesuvius emitted a column of pure water vapor up to 13,000 meters and erupted for 20 hours. There are thousands of natural water vapor ejection holes in the Wanyan Valley in the Katmai Volcanic District of Alaska, which can emit an average of 97 6450 C of water vapor and about 23,000 m3 of hot water per second. It has been suggested that volcanoes have emitted half of the total amount of solid material in the entire lithosphere throughout the Earth's history, and that volcanoes have spewed half of the water in the modern global oceans.

5.The dehydration of minerals in the earth's interior decomposes some water, or releases gases such as carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, which react with hydrogen at high temperatures to form water. In addition, hydrocarbon combustion can also produce water, and in hard igneous rocks, there are also a certain amount of crystalline water and inclusions of primitive water.

2) Exogenous Theory.

1.When people study the composition of chondrites, it is found that they contain a certain amount of water, generally as high as 10% or more, while carbonaceous chondrites contain more water. Chondrites are one of the most common meteorites in the solar system, accounting for about 86% of all meteorites.

Chondrites are believed to be the earliest condensations of the primordial sun, and that the Earth and other planets of the solar system were formed by the condensation of these chondrites.

2.The solar wind reaches the upper layer of the Earth's atmosphere, bringing with it a large number of atomic nuclei such as hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen, which combine with electrons in the atmosphere to form hydrogen atoms, carbon atoms, oxygen atoms, etc. It is then transformed into water molecules through different chemical reactions.

Water is formed by the combination of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.

The most accepted theory is that the water was brought by comets hitting the Earth.

After the formation of the Earth, there were constantly impacting comets that brought water.

The origin of water on Earth is widely divided in academic circles, and there are currently dozens of different theories of water formation. Some believe that in the early days of the formation of the earth, hydrogen and oxidation in the primitive atmosphere were synthesized into water, and water vapor gradually condensed and formed oceans; It is also believed that water was originally present in the nebula material that formed the Earth.

Another view is that silicates and other substances in the primitive crust reacted and precipitated water under the influence of volcanoes. There is also an opinion that comets and meteorites, which are attracted to the Earth, are the main water on the Earth**, and even the water on the Earth is constantly increasing.

Extended Materials. The role of water on the human body:

Water is an indispensable medium for biochemical changes in all physiological processes in the body. Water has strong solubility and ionization ability (water molecules are polar), which can make water-soluble substances exist in a dissolved state and electrolyte ion state, and even some fats and proteins can be dissolved in water under appropriate conditions to form an emulsion or colloidal solution. Substances dissolved or dispersed in water facilitate the efficient conduct of chemical reactions in the body.

After food enters the cavity and gastrointestinal tract, it relies on the digestive juices secreted by the digestive organs, such as saliva, gastric juice, pancreatic juice, intestinal juice, bile, etc., to digest and absorb the food. The water content in these digests is as high as more than 90%.

There is still a great deal of disagreement about the origin of water, and there are currently about 32 theories about the formation of water. Here are a few of the main doctrines. One theory is that there was a primitive nebula of H2O molecules in the initial matter before the formation of the Earth, similar to the meteorites that now have an average water content, and that the Earth descended to the Earth after its formation, thus giving the Earth water.

Another theory holds that the original elements (hydrogen and oxygen) that formed water were formed only after the formation of the earth. Hydrogen and oxygen are combined under suitable conditions. Hydroxyl group (OH) is generated. The hydroxyl group then undergoes complex changes to form water (H2O).

The Dutch astronomer Ott believes that the main ** on Earth is the upper mantle of the lithosphere of the interior of our planet. Half of the lithosphere is made up of silicon, of which silicates and water. These rocks are dehydrated at a certain temperature and under suitable conditions, such as volcanic eruptions, thus forming the Earth's water.

American scholar John F. Kennedy and others believed that when the rock is completely mixed in melting, it contains 75% silicate and 25% water. In the early days of the Earth's formation, volcanic eruptions were frequent, which accelerated the formation of the Earth's water. The earth's water is increasing due to the high temperatures in the earth's interior.

In the study, there is data that the ocean level has risen in the last 1,000 years. However, the rapid rise of ocean levels in recent decades may be largely due to global warming.

Aqueous**.

The Earth is one of the eight planets of the solar system.

The only one of them was.

A planet covered by liquid water. There is a great deal of academic disagreement on the origin of water on Earth, and there are currently dozens of different theories of water formation. There is an opinion that in the early days of the formation of the earth, the primitive atmosphere.

hydrogen, oxidation synthesis water, water vapor gradually condensed and formed the ocean; It is also believed that water was originally present in the nebula material that formed the Earth. Another view is that the primitive crust.

Substances such as medium silicates react and precipitate water under the influence of volcanoes. There is also a view that comets and meteorites attracted to the earth are the main water on the earth, and even now the water on the earth is constantly increasing.

4 billion years ago, the rotation speed of the earth was only more than ten hours a day, so when the earth nebula formed the earth, the centrifugal force generated by the rotation threw water vapor into the orbit of the earth's satellite, and formed ice blocks to form a ring similar to Saturn, so the earth was a dry earth 4 billion years ago. After 1 billion years of evolution, the rotation speed of the earth slows down, the centrifugal force becomes smaller, and the ice of the halo continues to turn into meteorites and fall to the ground, resulting in the earth producing oceans in 3 billion years, and the halo disappears, and the bright sunlight makes the earth give birth to life.

H2O (2 hydrogen atoms, 1 oxygen atom).

Others don't know that the world's total is only 0.3 percent of the earth's total, maybe a little per capita.

Water is the most prevalent compound of hydrogen and oxygen, with the chemical formula (H2O). About 5 billion years ago, nebulae were separated from the solar nebula, chondrites, which rotated around the sun and rotated at the same time, gradually forming the primitive Earth. Originally, water existed in meteorites in the form of crystalline water.

The violent movement of the earth's interior causes ** and volcanic eruptions, and the crystal water turns into water vapor, which erupts with magma and drifts in the atmosphere. As the earth's crust gradually cools, the temperature of the atmosphere slowly decreases, and the water vapor condenses into water droplets with dust as a condensation nucleus, accumulating more and more, forming violent storms and rains, falling to the ground, forming rivers along the river valleys, seeping into the ground along the way, and flowing to the most recesses of the earth to form primordial oceans. Under the action of solar energy, the earth's water body continues to evaporate, repeatedly forming rain and snow, falling back to the ground, dissolving the salt in the rocks on land and the seabed, and constantly collecting in the seawater, after hundreds of millions of years of cyclic accumulation, turning into salt water.

Part of the water in the heights becomes glaciers, and part of it seeps into the ground and becomes groundwater. The total water reserves on Earth are about 1.4 billion cubic kilometers, most of which are saltwater, distributed in the oceans, and less than freshwater. Among them, the total reserves are solid water is consolidated in the earth's polar ice sheets, mountain glaciers and permafrost bottom ice, the groundwater is buried in the earth's crust, and the water of rivers and lakes and atmospheric water only accounts for the total global water reserves.

Freshwater reserves that participate in the global water cycle and can be renewed year by year, maintaining a dynamic equilibrium account for about the total global water reserves, and the amount of freshwater that can be directly used only accounts for about the total global water reserves.

H2, O2 combined.

There are other theories.

The possibility of the appearance of water on Earth:

1.Capture a comet.

2.The H element brought by the solar wind is combined with the O element on Earth.

3.It is formed by the condensation of water vapor from volcanic eruptions. (This says that there is no h element**).

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