Introduction to all ancient and modern architectural styles in China and the West, and classical Chi

What are the main architectural styles in various parts of China? Classical Chinese architecture, that is, the nature and region of Chinese gardens, determine the different architectural styles, spatial subdivision forms and colors. The following is the relevant information compiled by Zhongda Consulting for construction professionals.

Introduction to Classical Chinese Architectural Style:

Unlike the classical European gardens, which are centered on architecture and do not hesitate to make nature architectural, Chinese garden architecture occupies a secondary position in the garden and often shows the characteristics of architectural naturalization. Locally, architecture often becomes the center of landscape composition, which is different from the landscape gardens of England and Japan.

Architectural features of classical Chinese architectural style:

1) Double landscape.

2) Environmental structure.

3) The color is appropriate.

4) The beauty of architecture.

The main types of classical Chinese architectural style buildings are divided into: halls, pavilions, pavilions, pavilions, pavilions, pavilions, covered bridges, etc. Among them, the specific content is quiet, and the architects analyze the content of the covered bridge. The details are as follows:

Yuanye Houses "Cloud; "The gallery, take a step, and the song should be long, and it will be better than ......Bend with the shape and bend according to the trend. Or the mountainside, or the poor water, through the flowers and ravines, winding the mountains. "The variety of houses and pools is connected into a unified whole.

It is an independent covered passage between the buildings, which can have thick clouds in hot summers and can be sheltered in rainy days, only the role of sub-scene obstruction, and it is an important means to organize dynamic and static observation. The corridor has a corridor along the wall; There is a climbing verandah that follows the rockery or earth mountain according to the ups and downs of the terrain, which is light and flexible, and has a unique natural interest; There are empty corridors on both sides that do not follow the wall or are not attached to other buildings, and can be viewed from the left and right; There are water corridors and ridges on the low water surface, "floating corridors can be crossed", such as lying rainbow near the water, the scenery is beautiful, such as a section of verandah between the reflection building of the Humble Administrator's Garden and the two pavilions; There are two floors of corridors, such as the two-story verandah on the side of the Humble Administrator's Garden; There are two empty corridors of double corridors, also known as compound corridors, such as a section of verandah from the face of the Canglang Pavilion to the fish viewing place, a section of the verandah from the lock of the green pavilion to the Nanxue Pavilion in the Yi Garden, which are composed of two parallel verandahs, and the middle interval is divided by a window flower wall to expand the space and increase the depth of field. There is a long corridor of 273 rooms and 728 meters around the lake in front of the mountain in front of the Summer Palace, the east starts from the Inviting Moon Gate, connects with the Le Shou Hall, passes through the Paiyun Hall in front, the corridor is scattered with the buildings such as Liujia Pavilion, the Ou Fang, the Jilan Pavilion, the Yuzao Xuan, the Qingyao Pavilion, etc., and the west arrives at the Shizhang Pavilion.

Like a splendid belt, the building hall of the front garden of the Summer Palace is in various shapes together, visitors can not only enjoy the magnificent and vast scenery of Kunming Lake, the water and the sky, but also savor the scenery on the beam of the corridor "Soviet-style color painting, not only the most of the Chinese classical garden corridor, but also the most of the world's corridor. Bridges are common single buildings in gardens, and there are many types: curved bridges or flat bridges close to the water surface; Single-hole stone arch bridges, such as the stone arch bridge under the cliff of Wenmei Pavilion Mountain in the Lion Forest, the Jingjing Bridge under the Yungang of the Master of Nets Garden, etc.; The Xiaofei Hongqiao in the Humble Administrator's Garden is a covered bridge with a roof on it; Flying high on the cliff of the heavy rock compound ridge is a simple and natural stone beam; In the narrow place of the pond water, the stepping stone is used, also called Tingbu, such as the stepping stone in the valley of Huanxiu Villa.

The bridge of the garden is full of manners.

What kind of architectural style is the classical architectural style? The neo-archaic style of architecture is a concept that corresponds to the classical style of architecture, which refers to the architectural styles of the ancient Greek and Roman periods in Mediterranean culture, and even the religious architectural styles of ancient Egypt. (Related Reading:.)

Neoclassical architectural style).

Basic Introduction to Classical Architectural Styles:

The earliest origin of the neoclassical architectural style is the reflection of the Renaissance movement in the architectural world, in this sense of the neoclassical architectural style advocates the revival of ancient Greece and ancient Rome architectural decorative arts, similar to classicism in form, the pursuit of regular composition and classic and traditional architectural symbols. The lower layer of the building is usually painted with heavy stones or real stone paint to draw the lines of antique masonry, which appears stable and majestic; The middle section adopts solemn, concise and rhythmic shapes and materials, highlighting the high difficulty and expressing the characteristics of the new era and regional characteristics; The cornice and roof are decorated with line feet, and some also add vault roof floors along the street or at the corner of the roof.

Neoclassicism is the abandonment of the long-standing classicist style, which not only inherits the solemn, atmospheric and delicate beauty of classicism, but also abandons its overly complicated and flashy appearance, relying on new technology and craftsmanship on the basis of regional characteristics, absorbing a large number of new aesthetic forms Qi Nian, so as to echo with people's aesthetic standards and become a symbol of quality of life, which can express the changes in people's lifestyles and rhythms of life in contemporary society. So as to meet people's deep-seated needs for their own lives.

Classical architectural style architectural features:

First, the plane is composed of a rectangle of about 1:or 1:2;

second, the stereotype of the column;

Third, the double-sided sloped roof of the building forms the gable wall decoration before and after the building;

Fourth, advocating the beauty of the human body and the harmony of numbers;

Fifth, the architecture and decoration are carved;

Classical architectural style architectural institutions:

At the level of architecture, the neoclassical architectural style extracts the classic architectural elements from the classical architectural style, including line feet, cornices, grid flowers, columns, etc., and also eliminates all the grotesque and irrational parts of architectural history. At the social and cultural level, the consumer class of high-end architecture has experienced a process of fading vanity from age, experience and wealth accumulation, and the classic, elegant, solemn, humane and rational part of the neoclassical architectural style is accepted by high-end customers, so this style is becoming a stronger voice in China's high-end residential market today.

What are the styles of ancient buildings, medieval buildings, and modern buildings in Western architecture?

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Here, according to the question you provided, what are the styles of ancient buildings, medieval buildings, and modern buildings in Western architecture, as follows: Western architecture can be divided into ancient architecture, medieval architecture and modern architecture according to historical periods. Among them, each period has a different style of architecture.

1.Ancient Architecture: Includes ancient Greek and Roman architecture.

The main styles are:- Ancient Greek architecture: pillar architecture, with a rigorous, harmonious, and concise style.

Representative buildings include the Parthenon, the Acropolis, etc. - Roman architecture: Curved architecture, with a grandiose, heavy character.

Representative buildings include the Colosseum and the Pantheon. 2.Medieval Architecture:

It mainly refers to the trembling architecture of the European Middle Ages. The main styles are:- Romance architecture:

Based on the arch, it has the characteristics of solemnity and thickness. Representative buildings include St. Peter's Basilica and the Dome of the Rock. - Gothic architecture:

It is characterized by a pointed arch and has a towering, delicate style. Representative buildings include Notre Dame Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. 3.

Modern architecture: mainly refers to buildings after the 18th century, including Renaissance, Baroque, neoclassical, modernist and other styles. The main styles are:

Renaissance architecture: characterized by the revival of classical art, with symmetry, proportion, and elegant style. Representative buildings include St. Peter's Basilica and Florence Cathedral.

Baroque architecture: It has the characteristics of complexity and flashiness, emphasizing the decorative effect. Representative buildings include the Palace of Versailles, the Place de la Pantheon, etc.

Neoclassical architecture: return to the essence of ancient Greek and Roman architecture, emphasizing rules, symmetry and rationality. Representative buildings include the Louvre Museum and the U.S. Capitol.

Modernist architecture: It has the characteristics of simplicity, practicality and minimalism, and the representative buildings include the Sydney Opera House and the United Nations Headquarters in New York.

The neoclassical design style is actually a modified classicist style. On the one hand, the general style of materials and colors is retained, and the traditional historical traces and rich cultural heritage can still be strongly felt, while at the same time, the overly complex mechanism and decoration are abandoned, and the lines are simplified. The neoclassical lamps and lanterns simplify the classical complex carvings and combine them with modern materials to present a new style of classical and simple, which is a diversified way of thinking.

Combining nostalgic romantic feelings with modern people's needs for life, it is compatible with luxury and elegance and fashionable modernity, reflecting the personalized aesthetic concept and cultural taste of the post-industrial era.

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Fundamentally speaking, the difference between Chinese and Western architectural art first comes from the difference in materials: traditional Western architecture has long been dominated by stone; Traditional Oriental architecture, on the other hand, has always been framed in wood. The difference in this building material offers different possibilities for their respective architectural arts.

Different building materials and different social functions have given Chinese and Western classical architecture a different "artistic language".

Different languages express different thoughts and emotions; Different buildings carry different cultures and embody different beliefs. Stone buildings in the West generally develop vertically, pointing directly to the heavens. In this way, the ability to lift a high-density stone roof into the sky is the key to the architectural art, and the pillars that carry out this task are also the key to the key.

Therefore, the "basic vocabulary" of Western architecture is columns, that is, those stones that rise vertically upwards and stand up to the sky. If the column is the "basic word" of Western architectural art, then the roof is its "main sentence". The difference in roofs leads to differences in the types of styles, such as Greek, Romanesque, Byzantine, Gert, Baroque, and so on.

Different from the stone buildings of the West, the wooden buildings of ancient China used dougong as the "basic word". The so-called bucket arch is the overlapping curved wood that holds up the eaves, which can expand the longitudinal force to the horizontal, so as to construct a variety of cornices. Like the roofs of Western buildings, as the "main sentence pattern" of ancient Chinese architecture, there are many types of cornices, which are either low-hanging, straight, or raised.

Its different forms create different artistic effects, whether it is light, simple, or majestic. Not only pavilions, platforms, buildings, and pavilions should use cornices to mark their identities and express their emotions, but also the height and length of the cornices often become the difficulties and points of architectural design. As the saying goes, "if you add one point, it will be too long, and if you subtract one point, it will be too short", the design of the cornices must be just right to appear light and not frivolous, simple but not mechanical, majestic and not rigid.

There is also the attitude of Chinese towards architecture is to value the new, while foreigners are full of respect and respect for ancient buildings.

There is also the fact that Western architecture is imbued with religious mysticism, while Chinese architecture is a reflection of Confucian culture.

The difference between Chinese and Western architectural forms is a manifestation of cultural differences, which reflect the differences between the material and natural environment, the differences in social structure and form, the differences in people's thinking methods and the differences in aesthetic realm.

1.The difference in building materials reflects the differences between Chinese and Western material culture and philosophical concepts.

2.The different layouts of architectural spaces reflect the differences between Chinese and Western institutional cultures and character traits.

3.The different developments of architecture show the difference in the attitudes of China and the West towards innovation. From the perspective of the development process of architecture, Chinese architecture is conservative.

4.The difference in architectural value shows the difference between Chinese and Western aesthetic concepts. From the point of view of the value of architecture, Chinese architecture focuses on information, while Western architecture focuses on real objects.