Is there any harm to Emperor Wei Xiaowen s reform?

The reform of Emperor Xiaowen of Wei brought the Northern Wei Dynasty into a prosperous era and completed the reform. However, his reforms also had certain limitations and mistakes. For example, his absolute affirmation of Han culture, vigorously promoting Han culture, but there are many negative opinions on Xianbei culture, such as the ban on Hu Fu Hu language, such as the establishment of the gate valve system, which not only makes the Xianbei aristocracy increasingly corrupt and incompetent, but also makes the status of soldiers decline, morale is low, combat effectiveness is lower, and so on.

As a result, the Xianbei culture was slowly lost, and the descendants of Xianbei were no different from the Han people, losing the brave and simple strength of the Tuoba Department, and a nation lost its soul and had to perish. He didn't take the essence and remove the dross, but in the era and political situation at that time, there was too much helplessness in all this, and it was not easy to do this. At the same time, his move to Luoyang was opposed by the old Xianbei aristocracy and conservative forces, and this legacy was one of the many reasons for the fall of the Northern Wei Dynasty.

Therefore, some people said to him: The decline and fall of the Northern Wei Dynasty actually began with the reform of Emperor Xiaowen... I remember that there was a costume film called "Empress Dowager Feng of the Northern Wei Dynasty", which reformed the Northern Wei Dynasty...

1. The destruction of one's own martial spirit and the abandonment of one's own culture.

2. The comprehensive sinicization without consideration, without considering the basic national conditions of his own country, led to the rapid demise of the Northern Wei Dynasty.

Yes, it is a kind of destruction of their own culture, resulting in the loss of Xianbei culture.

Background to the reform. The Xianbei people are an ancient ethnic group in the history of our country, and the Tuoba Department is a branch of the Xianbei people who are active in the eastern foothills of the northern end of the Daxing'an Mountains. The Tuoba Department continued to move south, and in the Western Jin Dynasty, the head of the tribe, Tuoba Yilu, was named the acting king because of his meritorious service in helping the rulers at that time to resist Liu Yuan and Shile, and established the Dai Kingdom.

But soon, the Daiguo was destroyed by the rising Former Qin, and the history of the Tuoba Department was temporarily interrupted. After the Battle of Weishui, the rule of the former Qin was disintegrated, and the Tuoba of the Tuoba Department took the opportunity to restore the peace of the country, convened a tribal assembly, became the acting king, and changed the name of the country to Wei, called the emperor, and the history was called the Northern Wei. Successive generations of Northern Wei rulers devoted themselves to unification.

1. The War of Annexation successively destroyed the only remaining Great Xia, Northern Yan and Northern Liang in the north, and unified the north in 439.

Reform content. Emperor Xiaowen's reform involved various fields such as politics, economy, and culture, and the scope was extremely extensive and the content was also extremely rich. In general, there are three points:

First, the implementation of the equalization system, along with the equalization system, also promulgated the related three-long chain rent and rent modulation. The equalization system enabled the peasants to get a certain amount of land, firmly bound the peasants to the land, and became the household of the state, ensuring the basic interests of the landlords and the private ownership of land. On the other hand, rent-regulating sheds have relatively reduced the peasants' burden of rent-adjustment, improved their production and living conditions, and promoted the development of productive forces on the other hand.

Second, the corruption of the rule of officials not only intensified social contradictions, but also caused contradictions within the ruling class. Third, in order to accept the advanced culture of the Han nationality and strengthen the control of the Yellow River Valley, Emperor Xiaowen decided to move the capital to Luoyang, and officially moved the capital to Luoyang in 495. Fourth, the implementation of the Han system and the change of customs, the main content of which is to change the official system, ban Hu clothes, break the northern language, change the surname, set the family name, move the capital to Luoyang, etc., which is the most important measure in the reform of Emperor Xiaowen.

Significance. It accelerated the feudalization (i.e., sinicization) process of Xianbei and the north, and promoted the great integration of the northern ethnic groups. The reforms eased class contradictions to a certain extent and enabled the Northern Wei regime to be consolidated.

The first stage of the reform of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty was characterized by the creation of a new systemThe main measures are the Yulu system, the uniform land system, the three-long system, and the rent regulation. The second stage of reform is the Sinicization policy:

The main measures were to move the capital to Luoyang and change customs.

Specific measures for the reform of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty:

1. Chinese must be used in the imperial court, and Xianbei is prohibited.

2. ** and family members must wear Han costumes.

3. Change the surname of the Xianbei people to the surname of the Han nationality, and change the surname of the royal family to the surname Yuan.

4. Encourage the marriage of Xianbei nobles and Han nobles.

5. Adopt the ** system and law of the Han nationality.

6. Learn the etiquette of the Han nationality, respect Confucius, govern the country with filial piety, and advocate the atmosphere of respecting the elderly and raising the elderly.