What is the profile of each when a hundred schools of thought are contending? What are the hundreds

Confucianism, Confucius, thinker'Educator, "Analects" Spring and Autumn.

Taoism, Lao Tzu, "Tao Te Ching" Spring and Autumn.

Mojia, Mozi, "Mozi" Warring States.

Confucianism, Mencius'Xunzi, Warring States.

Taoism, Zhuangzi, Warring States.

Legalist, Han Fei, "Han Feizi", Warring States.

Soldier, Sun Tzu "The Art of War", Spring and Autumn.

Confucianism Confucius.

Taoist Lao Tzu.

Mojia Mozi.

Taoist Zhuangzi.

Legalist Han Fei.

1. Confucianism is one of the important schools in the Warring States Period, which took Confucius as its teacher in the Spring and Autumn Period, took the Six Arts as the law, advocated "etiquette and music" and "benevolence and righteousness", advocated "loyalty and forgiveness" and the "golden mean" of impartiality, advocated "rule by virtue" and "benevolent government", and attached importance to moral and ethical education and people's self-cultivation.

2. Taoism, one of the hundred schools of thought, during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Lao Tzu collected the great wisdom of the ancient sages and sages to form a complete and systematic theory of Taoism, marking that Taoist thought has been formally formed.

Taoism takes "Dao" as the core, believes that the Tao is inaction, advocates the Tao and the law of nature, and puts forward the political, economic, statecraft, and military strategies such as the Tao of Life, the Male and the Female, and the Combination of Rigidity and Softness, and has a simple dialectical thought, which is an extremely important philosophical school in the "Hundred Schools of Thought", which exists in various fields of Chinese culture and has had a huge impact on the culture of China and even the world.

Tao is not only the highest concept of Taoist philosophy, but also its ultimate object of belief. Since the Tao has the characteristics of non-existence, has no fixed form, and does not have a unified standard, the belief in the Tao is not to believe in a fixed, unified, external other, but to accept uncertainty and change itself.

3. Mojia is one of the important schools in the Warring States Period, and its founder is Mo Zhai. This school of thought is based on the doctrine of "love and benefit": concurrently, treating others as oneself; Love, that is, love your neighbor as yourself.

The Mohist family was born around the Warring States period. The founder is Mo Zhai (dí) (Mozi). The Mohists were a highly disciplined academic society, and their leaders were called "Juzi", and their members had to carry out the Mohist ideas when they went to various countries to serve as officials, and the income from them had to be donated to the group.

The Mohist school is divided into the early and late periods: the early thought mainly deals with socio-political, ethical and epistemological issues, and focuses on the wars and turmoil of the present world; In the later period, Mohists made important contributions to logic and began to move closer to the field of scientific research.

4. Legalism is one of the important schools of thought in the Warring States Period, because it advocates the rule of law, "not close to each other, not special to the noble and low, and one break in the law", so it is called Legalism.

Legalism matured very late, but it was formed very early, the earliest can be traced back to the Xia and Shang period, and the maturity was in the Warring States period. The Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period also called it the study of criminal names, and it became a school of great development after Guan Zhong, Shi Kuo, Zi Chan, Li Kui, Wu Qi, Shang Ying, Shen Dao, Shen Buxian, Le Yi, Ju Xin and others.

At the end of the Warring States Period, Han Fei summarized and synthesized their doctrines, and collected the culmination of legalists. Its scope covers the social sciences of law, economics, administration, organization, management, social reform, law, economics, finance, currency, international affairs, administrative management, organizational theory and operations research.

5. The Yin-Yang School is one of the important schools in the Warring States Period, and it was named after advocating the theory of the five elements of Yin and Yang and using it to explain social personnel. This school of thought originated from the ruling class in charge of the astronomical calendar in ancient times, and the representative figure was Zou Yan, a Qi man during the Warring States Period.

The thought of Yin-Yang combines the ancient idea of mathematics with the theory of the five elements of Yin and Yang, and further develops it, constructing a large-scale cosmic schema and trying to explain the causes of natural phenomena and the laws of their changes.

There are nine main schools of thought arguing about the difficulties in Suiwu, mainly Confucianism.

Mohist, Taoist.

and Legalism, followed by Yin and Yang Family, Miscellaneous Family, Famous Family, and Vertical and Horizontal Family.

Soldiers, etc. 1. Yin and Yang family.

Yinyangism is a philosophical school that prevailed from the end of the Warring States period to the beginning of the Han Dynasty.

Zou Yan is its founder, and the knowledge of the Yin-Yang family is known as the "Yin-Yang Theory", and the Yin-Yang Theory is one of the most important philosophical thinking of the Chinese nation. Sima Qian in the "Historical Records".

It is said that the knowledge of the Yin and Yang family "looks deeply at the news of Yin and Yang, and makes a strange change." ”

2. Celebrity. Famous scholars are one of the hundred schools of thought in the pre-Qin period, and they are philosophical schools that take the form, law and relationship between name and reality as the research object, so they are called "famous scholars", also known as "debaters" and "judges". Sima Tan listed it as the "Six Schools" alongside "Confucianism" and "Taoism" in "On the Essence of the Six Schools".

3. Zonghengjia.

Zonghengjia is a holy ghost valley.

The academic school of creation.

During the Warring States Period, it was mainly engaged in the diplomatic activities of Wang or the political clan, and the "Hanshu Art and Literature Chronicles" was listed as one of the "Nine Streams and Ten Schools".

In the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the "Zonghengjia" referred to a unique group of strategists in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, which can be called the earliest and most special diplomatic politicians in China in the 5,000 years. They were uncertain and capricious, and their plans were mostly based on subjective political requirements.

4. Miscellaneous. The characteristics of the miscellaneous family are "the goodness of Confucianism and ink, and the essentials of naming the law". Although the miscellaneous family is an eclectic collection of opinions based on the Tao, it can also be called a family by collecting the opinions of each family and implementing its political intentions and academic propositions.

5. Mojia. Mohist is a philosophical school in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty of China, one of the hundred schools of thought, and Confucius.

The Confucianism represented by Confucianism and the Taoism represented by Lao Tzu together constitute the three major philosophical systems in ancient China, and Moism was considered a branch of Taoism by everyone in ancient times and was deeply influenced by Taoism.

The controversy refers to the emergence of different schools of thought and the competition between various schools of thought in the period of about 550 years from the beginning of the Spring and Autumn Period (i.e., 770 B.C.) to the end of the Warring States Period (i.e., 221 B.C.).

The 100 schools of thought in the 100 schools of thought do not necessarily refer to the 100 schools.

and the subsequent "Sui Shu Jing Ji Zhi" and "Siku Quanshu General Catalogue".

and other books record that there are thousands of "hundreds of schools of thought".

However, there are only 12 schools that are more influential, more widely circulated, more famous, well-known, and can develop into genres.

The other schools are either in decline, lost, or not famous, or merged into the 12 major schools.

The 12 major schools are: Confucianism.

Taoism, Legalism, Bingjia, Moism, Zonghengjia.

Miscellaneous, farmer, yin and yang, famous, **, square technician.

Mozi. The "Three Tables Method" in Epistemology.

He believes that whether or not a remark is correct depends on whether it conforms to historical experience, whether it is based on what he has seen and heard, and whether it is in line with the interests of the people of the country.

This kind of proposition of attaching importance to reality and linking cognition with social effects, especially with the interests of the people, is valuable in the history of the development of epistemology. However, his "three-table method" still inevitably focuses on perceptual cognition, lacks rational cognition, and falls into empiricism.

Errors.

The contention of a hundred schools of thought refers to the emergence of different schools of thought among intellectuals during the Spring and Autumn Period (770-476 BC) and the Warring States Period (475-221 BC) and the situation of competition between various schools. The most widespread of the hundred schools of thought is the LegalistTaoism, Mojia,Confucianism, Yin and Yang family, famous family, miscellaneous family, farmer family, ** family,Vertical and horizontal family, soldiers, doctors.

In Chinese history, the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.

It is the most brilliant era of thought and culture, and the stars are shining. During this period, there was an unprecedented academic situation in which hundreds of schools of thought criticized each other and contended with each other, which occupied an important position in the history of the development of Chinese thought. According to the "Hanshu Art and Literature Chronicle".

Subsequently, the Book of Sui and the Chronicles of the Sui Dynasty and the General Catalogue of the Four Libraries

and other books record that there are thousands of "hundreds of schools of thought". However, there are only ten that are more widely circulated, more influential, and more famous. In general, only 10 schools have been developed into schools.

In my opinion, the most widespread of the hundred schools of thought are Legalism, Taoism, Moism, Confucianism, Yin and Yang, Famous Scholars, Miscellaneous Families, Farmers, Vertical and Horizontal Families, Soldiers, and Doctors.