What are the characteristics of natural stone? Characteristics and classification of natural stone

1. Natural stone has good fire resistance.

Due to the difference in the type of stone, the fire resistance of stone is also different. However, in general, the fire resistance of stone is very good.

2. Stone will also expand and contract.

Stone also has the characteristics of thermal expansion and cold contraction, but the stone is cooled after heating, and its shrinkage effect is not as ideal as before.

3. Natural stone has good frost resistance.

At -20 degrees Celsius, freezing occurs, and the water in the pores expands by one-tenth of its original volume, and if the rock cannot resist the force of such expansion, it will be destroyed.

4. The compressive strength of natural stone is large.

The compressive strength of stone will vary depending on factors such as mineral composition, crystal thickness, uniformity of cemented substance, load area, load action and cleavage angle. All other things being equal, dense materials with fine crystalline particles that are usually bonded to each other have high strength.

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No deformation. After long-term natural aging, the rock has a uniform organizational structure, a very small linear expansion coefficient, and the internal stress completely disappears without deformation.

High hardness. Good rigidity, high hardness, strong wear resistance, and small temperature deformation.

Long lifespan. It does not need to be oiled, it is not easy to stick to fine dust, and it is convenient and simple to maintain, and has a long service life. It will not appear scratches, is not prevented by constant temperature conditions, and can maintain its original physical properties at room temperature.

Non-magnetizing. When measuring, it can move smoothly, without stagnation, not affected by moisture, and the plane is weighed well.

Characteristics of stone: natural stone is derived from many types according to the factors of its generation, and the most common classification is to divide stone into four categories: sandstone, slate, marble and granite.

1. Sandstone:

The sandstone is a sedimentary rock, the stone is coarse and loose, and it may be loose and deformed when it is damp; However, because it has a unique concave and rough texture, it is closer to the rough and natural feeling in the mountains and forests, so it is more often used in wall decoration.

2. Slate.

Slate is a rock with a plate-like structure and basically no recrystallization, which is a metamorphic rock, and the original rock is argillaceous, silty or neutral tuff, which can be peeled into thin sections along the slab direction. The color of the slate varies according to the impurities it contains, and the iron-containing ones are red or yellow; carbonaceous ones are black or gray; Calcium-containing hydrochloric acid will bubble, so it is generally named and classified according to its color, such as green slate, black slate, calcareous slate, etc.

Slate can be used as a building material and decorative material, and in ancient times it was often used as tiles in areas where slate was abundant. Slate generally does not contain minerals.

3. Marble:

Marble is a carbonate metamorphic rock, which was originally a limestone from the seabed that was slowly deposited and crystallized to become limestone; When the ground shakes and changes due to high pressure and high temperature, the most significant is the enlargement and hardening of the crystals, forming the so-called marble. Due to the uneven impurities contained in its texture, and the stratum movement forms a more lively large-scale totemic change feeling, forming a natural marble pattern like a landscape. The normal service life is 150 years.

4. Granite:

Granite is a kind of igneous magmatic rock, which is due to the weathering of rocks and sand on the surface of the stratum, slowly moving to the deep trenches of the seabed, and the earth's crust moves to the continent again and again, and slowly swallows them to the center of the earth and is melted by ultra-high temperatures. Because the magma is less dense than the surrounding rocks, it is gradually pushed upwards and cooled to form new 3-D crystals (igneous rocks). Because it is a 3-D crystal, its texture is small, the pattern has a three-dimensional and crystalline feeling, and even some granite will exude a dazzling luster under the light.

Its main components are feldspar, quartz and mica, etc., and the average durability is 200 years.

In terms of other characteristics, marble belongs to limestone, the hardness is lower than that of granite, and it is not resistant to acid corrosion, so it is not suitable for outdoor use, and it is easy to deform and corrode under the washing of sunlight and rain for a long time; Granite, on the other hand, has high hardness and is resistant to acids and alkalis, so most of them are laid outdoors or in public spaces with frequent visits.

Advantages: a. Natural marble is dense but not hard, easy to process, carve, polish and polish. The marble is smooth and delicate after polishing, the texture is natural and smooth, and the decoration is high.

Marble has low water absorption and high durability, and can be used for 40-100 years. b. The texture of natural marble is delicate, the texture is firm, smooth as a mirror after polishing, and the texture is more stretched and beautiful than granite. The compressive strength is higher (second only to granite), and it can reach 300MPa according to different rock formations, and has the characteristics of small water absorption, wear resistance and no deformation.

Disadvantages: a. Because marble generally contains impurities, calcium carbonate is easy to weathering and dissolving under the action of carbon dioxide, carbide and water vapor in the atmosphere, and the surface quickly loses its luster. Therefore, a small number of stable and durable varieties, such as white marble, mugwort leaf green, etc., are pure in quality, have few impurities, and can be used outdoors, while other varieties are not suitable for outdoor use, and are generally only used for indoor decorative surfaces.

The main varieties are: cloud gray marble, colored marble, etc. b. Radioactivity:

Natural marble is radioactive, and qualified natural marble has strict control over the radioactivity of stone, which basically will not cause harm to the human body.

1. Advantages: From the appearance of natural stone, its pattern is more natural, more selective, density and hardness are relatively large, more wear-resistant, can increase the service life, and the cost of natural stone is relatively low, generally natural stone is mainly used in outdoor places with a large amount.

2. Disadvantages: the weight of natural stone is relatively heavy, and when two stones are docked, there may be gaps, and the connection of gaps is more difficult, and its permeability is also relatively high, it is difficult to clean up when stains appear, and the elastic performance is not good, and it will break when encountering heavy blows. Therefore, when choosing natural ingredients, you can follow the four steps of quantity, look, listen, and try to choose.

Natural stone refers to a general term for materials that are mined from natural rock masses and processed into blocks or plates. There are two main types of natural stone used in building decoration: granite and marble.

The so-called marble refers to sedimentary or metamorphic carbonate rocks, including marble, dolomite, limestone, sandstone, shale and slate. For example, China's famous white marble is the dolomite produced in Fangshan, Beijing, Yunnan marble is the marble produced in Dali County, and the famous Dandong green is serpentinized silica skarn. Similarly, all kinds of magmatic rocks that are mined as stones, such as granite, andesite, diabase, oyenite, gneiss, etc., are called granite.

For example, the white granite of Baihujian in Beijing is granite, Jinan Qing is gabbro, and the black granite of Qingdao is diabase.

What are the characteristics of natural stone? We compare and understand the characteristics of natural stone from the advantages and disadvantages:

The main advantages of natural stone are:

1 Natural stone is abundant and widely distributed, so it is used to take local materials.

2. The structure of natural stone is dense and the compressive strength is high, and the compressive strength of most of the natural stone can reach more than 100MPa.

3. Natural stone has good water resistance.

4. Natural stone has good wear resistance.

5. Natural stone is decorative. Natural stone has a natural texture, heavy texture and solemnity.

Majestic artistic effect.

6. The durability of natural stone is very good, and the service life of natural stone can reach more than 100 years.

The main disadvantages of natural stone are: the texture of natural stone is hard, difficult to process, weighty, inconvenient mining and transportation. A very small number of natural stones may contain radioactivity and should be tested as necessary.

What are the classifications of natural stone, and what are the differences in appearance and characteristics?

It has a multi-void structure formed by the condensation of silica, iron oxide, carbonate or clay. Classification: Commercially, it is mainly divided into blue-gray pure liter sandstone, brown sandstone, n-quartz sandstone, quartzite, gravel, siltstone.

Slate Slate is a rock with a plate-like structure and basically no recrystallization, which is a metamorphic rock of the same age, and the original rock is argillaceous and silty or neutral tuff, which can be peeled into thin sections along the slab direction.