What kind of existence is the glass in the ancient building?

There have always been two interpretations of glaze, the first is ceramic products, and the second is for building tiles. The first one, we call it very casually, the range is very wide, it is talking about plain fired lead oxide colored pottery, such as the pottery building of the Han Dynasty, the Ming Dynasty burial Fahua ware, and colorful glass decorations, which are all called glaze. In ancient architecture, the application of glaze is particularly extensive, from the most eye-catching glazed owl kiss, beasts, to the wonderful and complex glazed shadow wall, glazed tile, glazed ridge brake, glazed Bo wind board, can be said to have everything, especially in Yangcheng and Jiexiu, the hometown of glaze in Shanxi, I have also photographed a large number of glazed cultural relics**.

Liuli, a glaze fired with silicate compounds of aluminum and sodium. Tiles are mostly used in ancient buildings, which is a relatively high-end ancient decoration material. That is, the so-called glazed tile.

Anyone who has been to the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum in Nanjing knows that the blue tiles above the main building are glazed tiles, which can give the building a deeper meaning.

There are many colors of glass, and generally speaking, the selection of glass colors is particular. The Northern Wei Dynasty is the exact age when the glaze was really introduced into China, with a history of more than 1,500 years, during the Tang and Song dynasties, the glaze was mostly used in the palace building, the folk were rare, and it became popular thoroughly in the Ming and Qing dynasties. Yellow is the royal color, which is not available to the people; Blue is dedicated to sacrificial buildings, and there are more Taoist temples; Black was used by the royal aristocracy, and green was most used in Buddhist temples, and the norms were eventually unified in the Qing Dynasty and became standard and rigid.

As a building material, glaze originated in the Northern Wei Dynasty. Since about the Tang Dynasty, various architectural ornaments made of glazed firing began to be widely used in the decoration of buildings. As a result, the unique and spectacular history and culture of glazed art in architecture have gradually been formed. ‍‍

Glazed is a ceramic coated on the tile, the ancient people to decorate the roof ridge beautifully, to create a colorful and multi-shaped glazed ridge tile, showing the beauty of ancient Chinese architectural culture.

Glaze is an element of ancient architecture, which was introduced to China from the Northern Wei Dynasty;

Most of the ancient buildings in Lingnan use green and blue-purple glazed tiles, but do not use yellow glazed tiles, which has a deep meaning;

Yellow is the color that only the royal family can use, and green and purple are neutral colors. Colors such as green, blue, and blue-green are reminiscent of plants such as grass and trees.

Yellow, green, blue, and black are the main ones commonly found in Beijing, which are used for roof and wall decoration, and yellow is used in palaces, such as the Palace Museum; Green is commonly found on wall decorations; blue is used for the roofs of places of worship, such as the Temple of Heaven, Zhongshan Park; Black is used in a variety of common places. The Nine Dragon Walls in the Clock Hall of Beihai and the Palace Museum are also made of glaze.

Colorful glazed tiles are traditional Chinese architectural pieces, usually applied with golden, emerald green, turquoise and other colored lead glaze. As early as the Northern and Southern Dynasties, China used glazed tiles to decorate buildings.

The Western-style tile that evolved from the traditional glazed tile was first applied in some European countries such as Japan and Spain and Italy, and it combines the cylinder tile and plate tile type into one, with reasonable structure, simple hanging, large effective coverage area, and small roof load-bearing. The glaze color is rich in more than 100 kinds.

Glass is not only a decorative material, but also an art, a thing that makes the building improve its quality.

Liuli is an ancient Chinese material, it has a history of 2466 years, and has been used exclusively by the royal family since ancient times, and there are extremely strict grade requirements for users, so it is rare among the people. Liuli is known as the first of China's five famous artifacts (gold and silver, jade, glass, ceramics, bronze), one of the seven treasures of Buddhism, and has been basically lost in the Ming Dynasty. However, even the very incomplete craftsmanship of the Ming Dynasty is still protected by the grade, and the glass at that time was already very impermeable, so it was called medicinal jade.

Ming System" contains: The ornament awarded by the emperor to the champion is medicinal jade, and it is only available above the fourth grade. Classification of glaze Class A Ancient glaze, made of "glazed stone" and "glazed mother" fired.

Glazed Stone Class B Taiwanese glaze, evolved from Western glass art. The origin is the ancient Egyptian "Fianse" craft. The analysis results of "Research on Ancient Chinese Colored Glass" show that:

The proportion of silica in "Fians" is 92%-99%, which is obviously different from the glass in the Zhou Dynasty in China. However, due to the similarity of the two shapes, some people call it Western glass. Class C water glaze, today's common imitation glaze, made of unsaturated resin material, is characterized by light weight, knock on the sound of gold and stone without glaze, and easy to discolor, turbidity, no collection value, but ** very low.

The production process of glaze Answer: the production process of ancient glaze is quite complex, fire and water, it takes dozens of processes to complete, the production of ancient glaze is quite time-consuming, and some of the light production process will take more than ten or twenty days, and mainly rely on hand-made. It is quite difficult to grasp each link, and the difficulty of grasping the heat can be said to be half by skill and half by luck.

The finished product rate is only 70%. What's more, the ancient method of glass can not be used, unlike gold and silver products, that is to say, once there is a little problem, more than ten days, dozens of processes, how many people's efforts will be immediately in vain. So there are no two identical glasses in the world.

Maintenance method] Avoid collision or friction with hard objects and contact with sulfur, chlorine, etc. Keep it at room temperature, wipe it with pure water, if you use tap water, you need to stand for more than 12 hours to keep the gloss and cleanliness of the glass surface, and it must not be stained with oil stains and foreign substances. The value of glass A:

Glass is a valuable craft art, its ** is higher than crystal, the reason is twofold: first, the particularity of the ancient glaze material, and its process is very complex and difficult, so its cost is very high. Second, glass is a cultural product, not only a material, but more importantly, glass products are unique, there are no two identical glass products in the world.

Colored glass was also called five-color stone in ancient times.

Colored glass, also known as "glaze", is made of artificial crystal formed by various colors and rare metals as raw materials, and is fired at a high temperature of more than 1,000 degrees. Its colors are vibrant. Its quality is crystal clear and dazzling.

In ancient China, the original material for making Liulaoyu finger glass was obtained from the by-products produced during the casting of bronze ware, which was refined and processed and then made into colored glass. There are many colors of glaze, and the ancients also called it five-color stone. In ancient times, because it was difficult for the people to obtain, people at that time regarded colored glass as even more precious than jade.

In June 2008, the glaze firing technique was selected into the second batch of national intangible cultural heritage list approved by the Ministry of Culture.

History of glaze: The earliest written record of glaze production can be traced back to the Tang Dynasty. Li Kang of the Tang Dynasty has such a record in "Du Yizhi":

In the Kaiyuan period, there are Chang'an peddlers and two dogs, who try to go back and forth to Zijun to sell silk, and the profit is also low. One day, the orphan house was stolen and all the property was lost. The second dog sighed:

Heaven doesn't help me. Then he wanted to commit suicide.

In the dark, I saw an old man, dressed in brocade and jade belt, wearing a crown, wearing a red robe, white face and long beard, gentle and elegant, "Ruyi" in his left hand, "Yuanbao" in his right hand. Xingjun said: "You should be rich and rich, how can you take your life!"

Don't hear that Zizhou is out of glass? "And one more ingot, but go. The second dog sold glass and grew up to be the richest man.

I was also grateful for the gift of Xingjun and changed his name to ingots.

In the Yuan Dynasty, the production of Boshan glaze has formed a certain scale. Its early products were mainly beads and flutes, as well as hairpins and buttons. The color is mainly blue, and there are crystal, black, white, and citrine colors.

During the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty, in addition to the inner palace supervisor set up an "outer factory" here to produce "green curtains" and other tributes for the court, the production of folk glaze is also developing day by day.

During the Jingtai period, there were 4 large furnaces in Xiye Street, Boshan, which produced water sound goods and enamel materials. Before and after Jiajing, the production of bead lamps, bead screens, chess pieces, tent hooks, pillow tops and other products was increased. By the Wanli period, Boshan glaze production has become a large industry.

In 1611 (the 39th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty), Xu Yingyuan and others initiated the construction of the Boshan Furnace Temple.

In the ancient architectural culture, glaze is the existence that represents status.

It is also called displacement, which is an important decorative component in China's traditional architecture, usually used in palaces, temples, mausoleums and other important buildings, and is also a kind of colored pottery for artistic decoration. Glaze is the perfect combination of ancient culture and modern art in China, which is brilliant and magnificent, and is the exquisite, delicate and subtle embodiment of ancient art in China.