In the Silk Road, the Han envoys to the Western Regions were the first times

The Silk Road was the first time that the Han envoys to the Western Regions were made. That is, Zhang Qian sent an envoy to the Western Regions. The Silk Road usually refers to the trade routes in the north of Eurasia, in contrast to the ancient tea and horse road in the south, when Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty led an envoy from Chang'an to the Western Regions, united with the Dayue people, and jointly fought against the Xiongnu.

The first development of the Silk Road is known as the "Hollow Journey".

Significance of the Silk Road:

It has promoted the exchange of cultures, commodities and religions between the East and the West. The East and the West understand each other and penetrate each other, and the cultures of the East and the West are integrated.

The "Silk Road" refers to the ancient commercial route that began in ancient China and connected Asia, Africa and Europe. The Silk Road in the narrow sense generally refers to the overland Silk Road. Broadly speaking, it is divided into the land Silk Road and the maritime Silk Road.

The "Overland Silk Road" is a land commercial passage connecting the hinterland of China and Europe, formed between the 2nd century BC and the 1st century AD, and is still in use until the 16th century, which is a major road for economic, political and cultural exchanges between the East and the West. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent Zhang Qian as an envoy to the Western Regions to form its basic arterial roads. It started from Chang'an in the Western Han Dynasty (Luoyang in the Eastern Han Dynasty) and went to Dunhuang through the Hexi Corridor.

From Dunhuang, it is divided into two roads: the south road from Dunhuang through Loulan, Khotan, Shache, through the green mountains of Pamir to Dayueshi, rest, to the west to Tiaozhi, Daqin; The north road goes from Dunhuang to Jiaohe, Qiuci and Shule, crosses the Green Mountains to Dawan, and goes west to Daqin via Anxi. Its original role was to transport silk produced in ancient China.

Therefore, when the German geographer Ferdinand Freiherr von Richthofen first named it the "Silk Road" in the 70s of the 19th century, it was widely accepted.

The "Maritime Silk Road" is a sea passage for ancient China and foreign countries to communicate and cultural exchanges, and the road is mainly centered on the South China Sea, so it is also known as the South China Sea Silk Road. The Maritime Silk Road was formed in the Qin and Han dynasties, developed from the Three Kingdoms to the Sui Dynasty, flourished in the Tang and Song dynasties, and changed in the Ming and Qing dynasties, and is the oldest known maritime route.

Zhang Qian opened up the Silk Road.

During the Western Han Dynasty, Zhang Qian sent an envoy to the Western Regions to open up a passage, starting from Chang'an (now Xi'an), passing through Gansu and Xinjiang, to Central Asia and West Asia, and extending west to Rome. Through this long road, China's silk, silk, silk, satin, silk and other goods were continuously transported to Central Asia and Europe - this is the famous Silk Road.

1. Zhang Qian was a person from the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. In 139 BC, he was ordered to lead people to the Western Regions, but was captured by the Xiongnu twice, and after escaping, he finally returned to Chang'an after 13 years of hardship. Zhang Qian failed to complete the mission of forming an alliance with the Dayue clan to flank the Xiongnu, but he gained a lot of knowledge about the human geography of the countries of the Western Regions.

2. In 119 BC, in order to further contact Wusun and cut off the "right arm of the Xiongnu", the Han Dynasty sent Zhang Qian to the Western Regions again. This time, Zhang Qian brought more than 300 people and successfully arrived at Wusun. He also sent deputy envoys to visit Kangju, Dawan, Dayueshi, Daxia, Anxi (present-day Iran), Shenfu (present-day India) and other countries.

However, due to the civil strife in Wusun, the purpose of the alliance was also not achieved. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent the famous general Huo Qubing to attack the Xiongnu with heavy troops, eliminated the Xiongnu entrenched in the Hexi Corridor and Mobei, established the four counties and two passes in Hexi, and opened the Silk Road.

During the Han Dynasty, the end point of the Silk Road, Daqin, was at that timeRoman EmpireGreat Qin is ancient China.

A term for the Roman Empire and the Near East. With Zhang Qian's mission to the Western Regions at the end of the 2nd century BC, the exchanges between Eastern and Western civilizations gradually accelerated, and the Silk Road was officially opened. And Rome is at the end of the Silk Road, "Villeo".

Name it "Daqin".

Introduction to the Northern Silk Road.

The Ming Dynasty Steppe Silk Road refers to the Mongolian steppe region to communicate with the Eurasian continent, which is an important part of the Silk Road. As the artery of nomadic cultural exchange at that time, it was created by the Central Plains.

Cross the Guyin Mountain to the north.

Along the Great Wall in the Yanshan area, it passes through the Mongolian Plateau, the Southern Russian steppe, and the northern part of Central and Western Asia in the northwest, and reaches the Mediterranean Sea in the northwest.

The European region of Hokuriku.

The formation of the Grassland Silk Road has a close relationship with the natural ecological environment. In the geographical environment of the entire Eurasian continent, it is extremely difficult to communicate between East and West. Environmental archaeological data show that only in the mid-latitudes between 40 and 50 degrees north latitude of Eurasia is conducive to human east-west transportation, and this region is the site of the steppe Silk Road.

It is the core area where nomadic culture and farming culture meet, and is an important link point of the Grassland Silk Road. For the Steppe Silk Road, commodities.

The demand for exchange originated from the division of labor between agriculture and animal husbandry in the primitive society, and the dry farming areas of the Central Plains were dominated by agriculture, rich in grain, hemp, silk and handicrafts, while the development of agriculture required a large amount of animal power; The northern grassland is dominated by animal husbandry, which is rich in cattle, horses, sheep, hides, wool, meat, milk and other animal products, but lacks grain, textiles, handmade products, etc.

This kind of economic mutual demand and interdependence between the Central Plains and the grassland region is the basic condition for the formation of the Grassland Silk Road. Therefore, the Grassland Silk Road is also known as "Fur Road" and "Tea Road" because of its characteristics.

Great Qin was the Roman Empire at that time.

The Great Qin of the Western Han Dynasty refers to the ancient Roman Empire and the Near East.

The Silk Road of the Han Dynasty ended in Rome.

The Silk Road originated from the Western Han Dynasty (202-8 BC) when Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent Zhang Qian to the Western Regions to open up a land passage starting from the capital Chang'an (now Xi'an), passing through Gansu and Xinjiang to Central Asia and West Asia, and connecting the Mediterranean countries. Thus, the starting point of the overland Silk Road was Chang'an in the Western Han Dynasty, which is Xi'an, the capital of today's Shaanxi Province in China.

During the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Silk Road started in Luoyang and ended in Rome. Its original role was to transport silk produced in ancient China. In 1877, the German geographer Richthofen named "the Silk Road" in his book "China", "from 114 BC to 127 AD, between China and Central Asia, China and India with silk ** as the medium of this Western Regions", this term was quickly accepted by the academic community and the public, and officially used.

The Silk Road during the Ming Dynasty

A "Silk Road Landscape Map" drawn in the middle of the Ming Dynasty in the Jiajing year, clearly indicating the names of more than 200 places on the "Silk Road", socks and completed in the form of landscape paintings, but also with exquisite painting skills to reproduce the magnificent momentum of the cities, mountains and rivers along the way. The Landscape Map of the Silk Road is extremely elegant, magnificent, and appropriate, and is likely to be the original name of the Ming Dynasty. The road from Jiayuguan to the west of Kuyucheng is the route of the Silk Road in the Ming Dynasty.

The Maritime Silk Road of the Ming Dynasty mainly consisted of three main ports: Guangzhou, Quanzhou and Ningbo and other feeder ports. On April 20, 2017, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage officially identified Guangzhou as the leading city for the inscription of the Ming Dynasty Maritime Silk Road as a World Heritage Site, and jointly carried out the protection and application of the Ming Dynasty Maritime Silk Road with Nanjing, Ningbo, Jiangmen, Yangjiang and other cities. After the early Qing Dynasty, the first adopted the policy of closing the country, and at the same time, the continuous development of shipbuilding technology and navigation technology, and the replacement of maritime transportation, made the Silk Road ** go into decline in an all-round way.

Refer to the above content: Encyclopedia - Silk Road.

The opening of the Silk Road should first be attributed to the two trips to the Western Regions by Ruxun and Zhang Qian during the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.

Zhang Qian was an explorer and diplomat during the Western Han Dynasty in China. In 138 BC, Zhang Qian was ordered by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty to lead a delegation to the Western Regions for diplomatic and commercial investigations. On his first trip to the Western Regions, he traveled through deserts and high mountains, and finally arrived in the Dawan region of the Western Regions.

The first trip to the Western Regions did not produce significant diplomatic results, but Zhang Qian's bravery and adventurous spirit opened the way to the West and laid the foundation for the later opening of the Silk Road. In 119 BC, he was again sent on a second trip to the Western Regions. This time, Zhang Qian successfully established friendly relations with the countries of the Western Regions, thus establishing the best passage of the Silk Road.

Zhang Qian's two trips to the Western Regions are considered key events in the opening of the Silk Road, and his efforts laid the foundation for the Han Dynasty's ** exchanges and cultural exchanges with Central and West Asia.

The contribution of the opening of the Silk Road to China is economic contribution, cultural exchange, political diplomacy, and scientific and technological communication

1. Economic contribution: The Silk Handwritten Road Bi Oak Search provides an important channel for China to carry out the best with the Eurasian continent. Through the Silk Road, China was able to export high-quality products such as silk, porcelain, and tea to West Asia, Central Asia, Europe, and other places, thus promoting China's economic prosperity and wealth accumulation.

2. Cultural exchanges: The Silk Road is a bridge for cultural exchanges between the East and the West. With the development of China, the knowledge and ideas of Chinese philosophy, science and technology, art, religion and other fields have also spread to the West, and at the same time, it has also absorbed the influence of foreign culture and enriched China's own cultural connotation.

3. Political diplomacy: The opening of the Silk Road has enabled China to establish stronger ties with neighboring countries. Through cultural exchanges, China has been able to strengthen political and diplomatic relations with countries in Central Asia, West Asia, Europe and other countries, and promote regional stability and development.

4. Science and technology communication: The opening of the Silk Road also promoted the spread and exchange of science and technology. China's advanced technologies such as papermaking, gunpowder, and compass were transmitted to the West through the Silk Road, which played a role in promoting the development of science and technology in the West.

Roman EmpireIn the ninth year of Yongyuan (97 years), Ban Chao had sent a deputy envoy Gan Ying to envoy to the Great Qin State (Roman Empire), until he reached the Tiaozhi Sea (now the Persian Gulf of Lead-Qing Dynasty), and wanted to cross the sea.

The style of the Great Qin Kingdom:The Book of the Later Han Dynasty and the Legend of the Western Regions also recorded the politics, style and specialties of Rome at that time

Its kings are not ordinary people, they are all simple and sage. From time to time, disasters and storms in the country are abandoned, and those who are released are willing to be deposed and do not complain. Its people are all grown up and upright, similar to China, so it is called the Great Qin ......There are many gold and silver treasures, including luminous bi, bright moon pearls, horrific chicken rhinoceros, coral, tiger spirit, glaze, Langji, Zhu Dan, Qingbi.

Embroidered with gold threads, woven into gold threads and delicate, variegated silk. Make ** coating, fire cloth".

The end point of the Silk Road, Daqin, was the Roman Empire at that time.

This "Great Qin" is now generally considered to be the Roman Empire at that time.

It is different, starting from present-day Xi'an, passing through the Hexi Corridor, to Kashgar, Xinjiang, and dividing into two routes, passing through present-day Iran to the Red Sea coast of the Persian Gulf.

Similarly, starting from Chang'an, passing through the Hexi Corridor and present-day Xinjiang, crossing the Green Mountains, and leading to West Asia and Europe.