Who invented chess? What is the history?

The history of chess in China is supposed to be the story between Liu Bang and Xiang Yu, which put Chu Khan into two heroes.

1. There are many kinds of Chinese chess inventors, some people say that it was invented by Shun, and some people say that it was invented by Han Xin, and there is also a record of the Yellow Emperor who originated from the legendary era, and the Northern Song Dynasty Huang Buzhi's "Guangxiang Opera Preface" recorded: "Elephant drama and military play, the battle of the Yellow Emperor, drive the beast to the array, elephant, the male of the beast." Therefore, the opera soldiers are named after the elephant drama.

2. According to the history of the secretary of the Zen Fan Blocking Chess first originated in the period of the Three Kings (Yao Shunyu), it was invented by Emperor Shun's younger brother Xiang, when the people lived and worked in peace and contentment, there was no war, and the elephant drew a box on the ground, nine longitudinal lines represent the nine sedan chairs in the world, and five horizontal lines represent the three mountains and five mountains, separated by a river on both sides.

3. However, according to Yan Shu's "Quasi-Essentials", Xiangqi was introduced to China in the early years of Wei and Huang in the Three Kingdoms of Hehu (the era of Cao Pi and Zhuge Liang), and the current form of Xiangqi was only formulated and perfected in the Song Dynasty.

4. According to Cheng Haoyong's chess record, "Most of them are dramas, and they can learn to use soldiers in dramas." The chariots and horses still have Zhou tricks, and they have both the gods and the names of Han officials. The Chinese army is heavy on all sides, and the slanted steps outside the river are light, but they laugh at themselves with their lines, and they are as strong as Liu Xiang and idle.

It was not until later that the Chinese invented gunpowder firearms that the cannon was reflected in chess.

5. In the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, chess continued to develop, and the technical level continued to improve, and some works such as "Dream into the Divine Machine", "Eighteen Changes of Jinpeng", and "The Secret of Orange" appeared.

According to ancient Chinese legends, Xiangqi was invented by Shun. Shun's younger brother Xiang was very bad, and tried to kill Shun several times (it is recorded in "Mencius"). Later, Shun imprisoned him, and was afraid that he would be lonely, so he made chess for him to do entertainment activities.

The word "xiang" in chess represents Shun's younger brother. This legend has proved to be implausible, but according to Mr. Chang Renxia's inference based on some evidence of Wang Guowei's family, from this legend can be inferred from the route of the Xiangqi people to China, and he believes that Xiang is not Shun's own brother, but the leader of elephant-producing areas south of China (such as Burma and other places). Xiang and Shun formed a brotherly alliance to defeat other peoples, but later the two clashed.

It is likely that Xiangqi came to China from India through Thailand, Burma and other places. Although this has nothing to do with the fact that chess first came to South China, more than 1,000 years ago, people in South China learned chess before people from the Central Plains. ]

I finally know the origin of Xiangqi The beginning of Xiangqi only had six pieces, and it was the earliest Xiangqi in China.

As for the question of when Xiangqi originated, due to the lack of detailed historical records and the fact that there are many myths and legends mixed in them, it is difficult for the academic community to form a unified opinion.

1. The Shennong clan originated in the legendary era. The monk Nian Chang of the Yuan Dynasty said in the "Buddha's Chronicles": "Shennong takes the sun, moon and stars as the image, and the Tang Xiangguo cattle monks and children use cars, horses, soldiers, pawns and cannons to replace them as opportunities."

2. The Yellow Emperor originated in the legendary era. Huang Buzhi of the Northern Song Dynasty said: "The Elephant Opera Preface" said: "The elephant drama is also a military play, the battle of the Yellow Emperor, driving the beast to be a formation, and the elephant is the male of the beast." Therefore, the opera soldiers are named after the elephant drama. ”

3. It originated when King Wu of Zhou was fighting. The Ming Dynasty made a single production of "Five Miscellaneous Tan" clouds: "Elephant opera, according to legend, was made by Zhou Wu when he was fighting, even if it was not, it was also the flow of soldiers in the Warring States Period, and it was also a heavy vehicle battle at that time. ”

Fourth, it originated in the Warring States period. "The Book of Hidden Residences" contains: "Yongmen Zhou said Meng Weijun: 'If you live in Yanju, you will fight chess, and it will also be a matter of the Warring States. 'Cover the war with soldiers, so people use the elephant of war as a chess position. ”

5. Originated in the time of Emperor Wu of the Northern Zhou Dynasty. "Taiping Yulan. The Ministry of Crafts Chess said: "Emperor Wu of Zhou made chess. Mingren's "Monogatura" also holds this view.

6. William of England. At the beginning of this century, Jones said that China is not an elephant-producing country, but India is an elephant-producing country, and believed that Chinese chess was introduced from India, and modern scholar Hu Shi also held this view.

(1) The Shennong clan originated in the legendary era, such as the Yuan Dynasty monk Nianchang "The Buddha's Chronicles of the Past Dynasties" said: "By Shennong's use of the sun, moon and stars as an image, the Tang Xiangguo cattle monks and children used cars, horses, generals, soldiers, pawns and cannons to replace them as opportunities." 2) The Yellow Emperor originated in the legendary era, as Chao Buzhi of the Northern Song Dynasty said

Like a drama and a military play, the battle of the Yellow Emperor drove the beasts into battle. Elephant, the male of the beast, so the opera soldiers are named after the elephant play. 3) Originated in the Warring States period, the "Book of Hidden Residences" says:

Yongmen Zhou is said to be a good taster: under the foot of Yanju, then the chess is fighting, and the Warring States is also a matter of the Warring States. 'Cover the war with soldiers, so people use the elephant of war as a chess position.

4) Originated in the time of Emperor Wu of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, the "Taiping Yulan" said: "Emperor Wu of the Zhou Dynasty made an elephant play", and the Ming Luoqi "The Source of Things" said: "Emperor Wu of the Zhou Dynasty made chess.

Some of the above legends about the origin of chess also have a certain basis and are worth further tracing back. But from these legends, we can already see the germ of ancient chess in our country.

Who invented chess, do you know? It is said that there is also a poignant legend.

Who invented it doesn't know ... It is called chess because: it was first made of ivory, hence the name!

The era of Chinese chess, the inventor and the invention is no longer available. It is said that Xiangqi originated from the Liubo opera during the Warring States Period in China, that is, Song Yu's "Chu Ci and Summoning Spirits" "Chess with six games". In this way, it should be before the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, there was Chinese chess.

The following evolutionary order is Sai Opera, Northern Zhou Elephant Opera, Tang Dynasty Elephant Opera, and Northern Song Dynasty Chess, which were finalized in the late Northern Song Dynasty.

Legend has it that chess was invented by Han Xin, when Han Xin was imprisoned, a jailer asked Han Xin to leave a book of war, but Han Xin said: With the art of war, it is also a disaster. Afraid that the jailer would also suffer, and he also wanted to leave a piece of the art of war for himself, so he invented chess and passed it on to the jailer, and then the jailer resigned and went home to study chess and passed it on to his descendants, so Xiangqi is an art of war left by Han Xin.

And it is also a dispute between Chu and Han.

Liu Bang and Xiang Yu invented it to imitate the battlefield and called chess.

I don't know who invented it, but there is a legend: in the middle of the chessboard of Chinese chess, there is often a gap with the words "Chu River" and "Han Realm" written on it, what does this mean? It turned out that this was the "Chu-Han War" in the history of chess matching.

According to historical records, the "Chu River Han Boundary" is in the ancient Xing (Xing) Yang (Zhengzhou) Chenggao area, the place is bordered by the Yellow River in the north, the Bishan Mountain in the west, the plain in the east, and the Songshan Mountain in the south. In 203 BC, Liu Bang sent troops to attack the Chu State, Xiang Yu was short of food, and was forced to put forward the requirement of "dividing the world in the middle, cutting the chasm to the west for Han, and taking the east for Chu". So far, there are still two ancient city ruins that are far away on Guangwu Mountain in Xingyang, the one in the west is called the Han King City, and the one in the east is called the Overlord City, and the legend is that Liu Bang and Xiang Yu built it in that year.

In the middle of the two cities, there is a large ditch about 300 meters wide, which is what people usually call the chasm, and it is also the basis for the boundary river on the chessboard.

Xiangqi is a traditional Chinese chess game. Its origin and legend are varied, and the most widely circulated theory is that it was founded in the Western Han Dynasty to command a million-strong army.

After Liu Bang unified the Western Han Dynasty, Han Xin, a general who had made many military exploits, was ensnared and imprisoned by Empress Lu. Han Xin knew that his life was coming to an end, so he planned to write a military book in prison and pass it on to future generations. Unexpectedly, Empress Lu knew about this, so he issued an edict, saying that as a criminal official, he could not be good at military writing.

Han Xin was so sad and indignant that he looked up to the sky and sighed: "This mother-in-law is too vicious!" Not only the king's life, but also the king's name!

At that time, when a jailer heard his words, he knelt in front of Han Xin and said, "Lord Wang! Tell the villain how to use war!

Han Xin smiled bitterly and said, "If this king didn't know how to use soldiers, he wouldn't have ended up like today." Now that it's too late to regret it, how can it cause you to suffer the scourge of killing again?

The jailer pleaded repeatedly, but Han Xin just refused.

One day, when the jailer brought food to Han Xin, the tears in his eyes swirled, as if he had something important to say to Han Xin, and he held back again. When Han Xin saw his expression, he felt bad, so he asked the jailer, "Big brother, is that mother-in-law going to poison me?"

The jailer couldn't help but cry. Han Xin laughed and said: "After killing the rabbit and killing the hound, shoot all the birds and break the bow!"

It's been like this since ancient times, there's nothing to be afraid of. After that, he asked the jailer to sit down, Han Xin took a chopstick, drew a box on the ground, and drew a "boundary river" in the frame, and wrote the words "Chu River" and "Han Boundary" in the river. Then he drew thirty-six squares on each side of the river and said:

This king is just thirty-six years old this year, and he has helped the Han Dynasty to destroy Chu all his life, and has made many great contributions, but in the end he died at the hands of a woman. You usually take care of me in every way, and I will never have a chance to repay you in this life and this life, so I will pass on to you the thaumaturgy I have learned in my life. As he spoke, he told the jailer to fetch a pen and paper, and cut it into thirty-two pieces, and spread them on both sides of the river within the box.

On one side of the sixteen pieces of paper are written the words "handsome", "officer", "xiang", "chariot", "horse", "artillery", "soldier", and "soldier", and on the other side, on the other side of the sixteen pieces of paper are written the words "general", "soldier", "elephant", "rook", "horse", "artillery", "pawn", etc.

After setting it up, Han Xin told the jailer while moving the piece of paper: "This box is a battlefield of thousands of troops, and each side represents the military strength of one side. The way to use troops is that the coach is resourceful and fickle, planning as a whole, cooperating with Qizheng, and responding to all changes ...... unchangedAnd specifically teach the jailers how to jump horses, send troops, etc.

The jailer nodded and praised: "Strange! The prince is such a strange person!

From that day on, Han Shin studied the art of war with this jailer every day guarding the box (chessboard). Soon after, Han Xin was killed by Empress Lü, and the jailer also fled. He hid in a deep mountain, built a grass hut, cultivated the land, and the whole family cultivated and fed themselves, and whenever he had free time, he concentrated on studying the thaumaturgy taught to him by Han Xin.

Because the paper is easy to perish, it is replaced with a flat round small wooden lump, which is dyed red and black for good distinction. According to the homonym of "Qi", he called "Qi" "chess", and also wrote a "chess book" and passed it to his son. Later generations believed that although chess could be arranged, it was not really a battle between the two armies, but only a symbol, so it was called "chess".

Upstairs answered incorrectly. Chinese chess first originated in the Warring States period, but the earliest chessboard artifacts were unearthed in the Han Dynasty. At that time, the chessboard was already 9*9, which was roughly the same as the chessboard used today, and it was obviously the earliest Chinese chess object.

By the time of the Five Dynasties, Xiangqi had become popular, and it had evolved into 16 pieces, and the prototype of the rook and horse soldiers had appeared, and the moves were similar to today's. There are even specific studies of the opening layout, which appear in ancient texts. It's just that some specific rules are not yet verifiable.

By the time of the Northern and Southern Song Dynasty, chess had become very popular, and the chess pieces were perfected as chariots, horses, artillerymen, and the way of moving was exactly the same as that of today's sons. Later, corresponding chess games also appeared, and the earliest chess games found so far are the fragments of Xinwu. According to research, the level of this game has reached a considerable level, and there should be an earlier game to be discovered.

Who invented chess, do you know? It is said that there is also a poignant legend.

Read the day of the week** paper is detailed.

Passing by this old man like this.

The birds are crying, the official road is quiet, the flowers are ruined, and the walls are empty.

I remember that I heard that it was invented by General XX (I remember Han Xin) in prison, and this is one of the versions.

There are different opinions about the origin of chess, some say that it originated from the legendary era of Shennong, some say that it originates from the legendary era of the Yellow Emperor, some say that it originates from the Warring States period, and some say that it originates from the time of Emperor Wu of the Northern Zhou Dynasty. The development of Xiangqi can be divided into Xiangqi in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period and the Qin and Han Dynasties; chess from the Wei, Jin, and Northern and Southern Dynasties; Chess in the Sui and Tang dynasties; Chess in the Northern Song Dynasty ; the development of chess in the Southern Song and Yuan dynasties; the development of chess in the Ming and Qing dynasties, etc. There are also many legends about Xiangqi, and the most widely spread is that Yu Shun invented Xiangqi in order to educate his younger brother, and played against his brother in prison every day, because his brother's name was Xiangqi.

The famous British scholar Joseph Needham also admitted in the book "History of the Development of Science and Technology in China" that chess is a creation of the Chinese people, and it is a game created by the ancient Chinese to simulate war.

There are thousands of styles, and there is no such thing as Su curtain.