A Literature Review on the Analysis of the International Competitiveness of China s Trade in Service

1. Correctly understand the importance of international statistics.

With the changes and development of the global economy, the international market has been greatly affected, and the overall growth is slow, especially in goods. However, international services** are in a league of their own and have become the only bright spot in the growth of international**. In the total amount of each country, the proportion of services is also increasing, the development of the economy tends to be intangible, and the statistics of services as part of the intangible economy are also receiving more and more attention from countries.

For example, the United States has an annual deficit in the international **. According to international theory, a long-term surplus and a long-term deficit are extremely unfavorable to the country's economic development.

However, the economic development of the United States has been relatively stable, which has a certain relationship with the fact that the service ** has greatly compensated for the long-term deficit of the goods **. That is, the development of intangible goods, especially the development of services, has invisibly diluted the importance of goods. According to statistics, since 1976, the United States has had a surplus in international services** every year.

In 1986, the service surplus reached $10 billion; By 1996 it had increased to $78 billion, in its own country! The share of the service sector in GDP has reached more than 60% since 1993. There is also the United Kingdom, whose tangible ** is also in deficit every year.

However, since 1947, the intangible surplus has been maintained through multinational corporations, banks, insurance companies, shipping, civil aviation, tourism, etc., which has played a key role in making up for the long-term deficit of tangible goods. Therefore, the role of service in international development is becoming more and more important, and the corresponding service statistics are also becoming more and more important.

2. Rules for the analysis of international statistics.

At present, there are two main international regulations on service statistics: one is the International Monetary Organization.

IMF).

bop)。The other is the world's first organization.

WTO).

gats)。

(1) The internal structure of the service ** is unreasonable.

The ratio of China's services to goods can be seen that in the process of economic development of various countries, China's services are too small.

Only a reasonable and optimized service structure can enhance international competitiveness. With the rapid development of modern science and technology, the technology in the field of service is also constantly improving. The development of service technology provides good conditions for the development of the emerging service industry, and makes the structure of the global service industry change in the direction of science and technology and knowledge.

High value-added and emerging service industries account for an increasing proportion of international services, and second) the competitiveness of services is weak.

Because of China's long-term emphasis on manufacturing and despisy of the service industry's policy orientation, China's service has been in a relatively closed environment for a long time. The development of goods is far ahead of the development of services. According to the statistics of the World Bank, the output value of the service industry in developed countries generally accounts for more than 60% of GDP, and the output value of the service industry in middle-income countries accounts for about 50% of GDP on average, while China's service output value accounts for only 45% of GDP until 2012

These data show that the proportion of China's services is still very low.

The development of service industry mainly depends on the development of the service industry, and the serious backwardness of the service industry will affect the long-term development of service industry. The proportion of the total value of services in China's total value of foreign countries is low, the industrial base is weak, and the service industries with comparative advantages are mostly labor-intensive service industries, so the overall competitiveness of the service industry is poor.

3) The service management system is not perfect, and the laws and regulations are not perfect.

At present, the Ministry of Commerce is the main institution that manages and coordinates services in China. There are many flaws in the service management mechanism, the most important of which is that there is a lack of special coordination and management departments for services, and there are contradictions in principle between local laws and regulations on services.

The management of the service is still in a state of segmentation, and the phenomenon of multiple management, cross management, and independent management of the relevant functional departments is very serious.

1. Main characteristics of services** in developed and developing countries and their comparison.

1. Differences in the size of services** between developed and developing countries. Due to the serious imbalance in the development level of the economy and service trade industry in the contemporary world, the level of foreign services of various countries and the strength of competition in the international service market are very different, compared with the field of international commodities, the asymmetry of the development of services in various regions and countries around the world is more prominent. International services** are mainly concentrated in Europe, North America and Dongchang Disturbance Asia.

In 2005, the EU-25 alone accounted for total global services**. Developed countries occupy an important position in the world's services, and in 1990, their exports of services were worth 100 million US dollars, accounting for the world's total exports of services. In 2005, it was US$100 million, accounting for the world's total services, and by 2006, the developed countries' exports of services reached US$100 million, accounting for the world's total services. In 1990, 2005 and 2006, developing countries' services** exports were worth US$100 million, US$100 million and US$100 million, respectively, accounting for total world services** exports

8% and. It can be seen that the share of developing countries is still quite small.

World services** has always been developed with developed countries as the center. In 2005, the top 10 countries and regions in the world's services** were mainly developed countries, and the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, France and Japan ranked among the top five in the import and export of services** in 2004 and 2005. In 2005, the five countries accounted for 38 per cent of the world's total exports of services**.

Among the top 10 countries and regions in the export of services**, only China and Hong Kong, China, are classified as developing countries.

2. Differences in the structure of services between developed and developing countries. This paper lists five developed countries and five developing countries where the proportion of transport, tourism and other services** in the U.S. service structure in 2005 was8% and. In 2005, the proportion of services in the three types of services** in China, the representative country of developing countries** was

6% and, the other countries listed will have the same ** structure. It can be seen that the comparative advantages of services** in developed countries are mainly concentrated in other types of services represented by communications, computer and information services, finance, insurance, exclusive rights royalties and concessions. Developing countries have a clear disadvantage in the overall structure of services**.

The comparative advantage of developing countries is mainly reflected in tourism, and the value of tourism services** accounts for a considerable proportion of their total services**.