The failure of the Pentecostal Reform Capitalist reform in a semi colonial, semi feudal society

There are not many people in China who are bourgeoisie at all, how can there be a bourgeois revolution?

We need to read history from the perspective of economics.

In China, the wealthy people and social elites find that being a bureaucratic landlord class has a better future than being a bourgeoisie, and that being a bourgeoisie cannot make money, so they are unwilling to become a bourgeoisie. In Europe and Japan, when the bourgeoisie was the most popular, it was more profitable than being a feudal lord, and after the opening of new shipping routes, the feudal lords in Europe became more and more unpromising, and many feudal lords who operated land rent lost money and went bankrupt, while the bourgeoisie became rich, and many people were vying to become the bourgeoisie, and the bourgeoisie was more numerous and stronger, and it had the ability to revolutionize. In China, the bourgeoisie accounts for one millionth of the total population, and the feudal bureaucracy accounts for one hundredth of the population.

Similar to the Westernization Movement and the Cultural Revolution, the Wuxu Reform Law did not really fail, but still played a role in educating the people.

There is no such thing in the history of the world

First of all, it is necessary to clarify the social status quo in China at that time: a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society.

This also means that the main contradictions in society are between the Western powers and the Chinese nation, and between the landlord class and the peasant class. It should be noted that the Qing Dynasty at this time was not like the traditional Chinese dynasty, which only represented the interests of the landlord stage, and the priority of the interests it represented was: the Manchu aristocracy - > the landlord class - > the Western powers - > the Chinese nation.

The essence of the Wuxu Reform Law and the Constitutional Movement was to expand the rights of the landlord class, especially the Han landlord class, and weaken the rights of the Manchu aristocracy, which was naturally opposed by the Manchu **. At the same time, the effect that the Western powers, led by Britain at that time, had shifted from territorial occupation to expanding market share, which was also fundamentally different from the maintenance of the traditional feudal system demanded by the landlord class. Because of the common denominator in weakening the rights of the Manchu aristocracy, the Western powers generally supported the reform of the law and the constitution, but they could not really believe that the Western powers sincerely wanted China to become stronger.

These two movements were doomed to failure due to the lack of military strength of the landlord class at the time and the weakness of several leading figures (pinning their hopes on the Manchu regime to decentralize power on its own initiative). At the same time, even if these two campaigns succeed politically, they will inevitably lead to a direct conflict with the Western powers. Under the contest of strength between China and foreign countries at that time, the landlord class was bound to be unable to fully mobilize the people (if the people were mobilized, the landlord class itself would not be able to protect itself), and the final result would inevitably be a failure.

This is also the reason why Chiang Zhongzheng later failed (he relied on the comprador bourgeoisie, the spokesman of the landlord class and the great powers, to the Communist Party, which relied on the proletariat and the peasant class).

Facts have proved that all reactionaries can only be defeated by relying on the broadest masses of the people. Only the Communist Party can save China.

China has been a truth since ancient times, reform can only play a role in blood transfusion, but not cure the disease, there is only one way to cure the disease, and it is unpleasant, that is, the one that Chen Sheng and Wu Guang started to uproot.

Because they do not represent the fundamental interests of the broadest masses of the Chinese people, pinning their hopes on reform will not touch the foundation of the reactionaries, and they will not easily hand over power.

The difference is that the reforms were top-down and initiated by the feudal rulers.

and led, while the revolution is carried out from the bottom up, spontaneously by the masses of the people.

In the view of the feudal rulers who initiated reform, reform was only a change in the ruling strategy, a shift from "hegemony" to "royal road"; in this sense, reform and conservatism were essentially the same, both were aimed at safeguarding the emperor's privilege to govern the people, and both were jointly opposed to the rule of the people.

The revolution was launched spontaneously from the bottom up and by the masses of the people, and its thoroughness lies in breaking through the encirclement of "adaptive change" and reshaping the social mechanism that meets the needs of modernization.

Reform is generally carried out by the ruler, and the essence of the reform is generally unchanged. And reform is a revolution that changes the sky, and it is a change in nature.

The leader of the Xinhai Revolution was the Chinese bourgeoisie, which was characterized by an incomplete revolution and a compromise, that is, a compromise with the remnants of feudalism and a tolerance and agreement with imperialism in the process of opposing feudalism. Therefore, new warlords representing the interests of the feudal forces will inevitably be formed at home, but externally, the contradictions between China and imperialism will not be resolved, and it will be impossible to truly realize national independence and national freedom. Therefore, China is still in the nature of a semi-feudal society and still has the characteristics of a semi-colony.

After the end of the Xinhai Revolution, new warlords were formed in China, and they still represented the interests of feudal forces, so China still had the nature of a semi-feudal society; The Xinhai Revolution did not resolve the contradictions between China and imperialism, so it still had a semi-colonial character.

The bourgeois revolution was incomplete and relied mainly on the old feudal warlords to complete the revolution.

The bourgeois revolution needs the support of foreign countries, and of course it must ensure the interests of others in China.

The Pentecostal Law 1 does not involve the political proposition of a constitutional monarchy, 2 Action is more backward than the Manifesto and reflects the weakness of the bourgeoisie 3did not play the role of propaganda and mobilization of the broad masses of the people 4The Road of Bourgeois Reform Is Not Feasible in China in a Semi-Colonial and Semi-Feudal Society The Wuxu Restoration Movement was a product of the intensification of contradictions between the Chinese nation and imperialism at the end of the 19th century, and was a patriotic movement initiated by the bourgeoisie and using reform as a means to save the motherland from peril. It was also the first ideological enlightenment movement in modern Chinese history.

It was a post station for the Chinese people in the anti-imperialist and anti-feudal struggle during the old democratic revolution, and it has indelible historical achievements. However, due to the solid economic foundation of feudalism in the past 2,000 years, the strong political force of feudalism, and the deep-rooted influence of feudal ideology, the failure of the Wuxu Reform was inevitable because it was beyond the ability of the young bourgeoisie that had just stepped onto the stage of history to resist the enemy. Seriously detached from the masses of the people, lacking the courage to make a complete break with feudalism and harboring unrealistic illusions about imperialism, the reformers could only launch a weak bourgeois political reform movement, but could not put the reformers in power.

At a time when the edict of the Restoration was flying like snowflakes, the real power of the military and government was still firmly in the hands of the feudal diehards. Reform without a regime is bound to fail. The history of the Wuxu Reform Law proves that in semi-colonial and semi-feudal China, the top-down reform and reform was only an unrealistic fantasy of the young and weak national bourgeoisie, which inevitably gave way to the bourgeois-democratic revolution.

1. The Wuxu Reform Law was a bourgeois reform movement.

2. The Wuxu Reform Law is an important political reform and an ideological enlightenment movement in China's modern history, which has promoted the emancipation of the mind, played an important role in promoting social progress and the development of ideology and culture, and promoting the progress of modern society.

3. The Wuxu Reform Law, also known as the Hundred Days Restoration and the Reform Law, refers to the political reform movement carried out by the reformists through Emperor Guangxu from June 11 to September 21, 1898 to advocate the West, advocate science and culture, reform politics and education, and develop agriculture, industry and commerce.