What was the social root of the controversy of the Hundred Schools of Thought in the Eastern Zhou Dy

The fundamental reason for the contention of a hundred schools of thought is that with the popularization and use of iron agricultural tools in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the productive forces were greatly liberated, and a new landlord class with a large amount of land appeared and wanted to improve their social status.

From another point of view, during the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, the social root cause of the emergence of a hundred schools of thought was the rise of class relations, the princes of various countries were courteous and virtuous, and those intellectuals were reused, and hoped to use their own ideas to govern the country and level the world. Economically, the well field system.

The collapse, the widespread use of iron tools and the spread of ox farming contributed to the collapse of the well field system, and the feudal economy developed rapidly, providing the material conditions for academic prosperity.

Politically, we are in an era of great social change, and various forces are contending. The Hundred Schools of Thought represent the interests and demands of different classes and factions. Ideologically and culturally, from the government to the people, the rise of privately-run schools has created a large number of literati with profound knowledge and rich experience.

The historical influences of the emergence of the Hundred Schools of Thought are mainly as follows. It formed the traditional Chinese cultural system and laid the foundation of the entire feudal era culture. In the process of a hundred schools of thought contending, various schools of thought learned from each other's strengths and complemented each other's weaknesses, forming the characteristics of ideological inclusiveness, tolerance and openness, which was also the first ideological emancipation movement in Chinese history.

The ideological movements of various factions promoted the development of society, such as the Shang Dynasty Reform of the Qin State.

It was a critical point for China to move from a slave society to a feudal society, and this reform was carried out under the guidance of Legalist thought. The contention of a hundred schools of thought not only established the cultural foundation for future generations, but also for the whole of Southeast Asia.

The cultural sphere has a profound influence, and it is the crystallization of ancient oriental wisdom.

The essence of various ideas left to us by a hundred schools of thought can now be applied, such as respecting history, conforming to nature, and valuing harmony.

It is the magic weapon of our modern response to complex situations, and this is also the significance of a hundred schools of thought after more than 2,000 years.

The development of ideology is due to the development of the economy, but the economic development is stable, the academic atmosphere is relatively relaxed, and thinkers have their own ideas to be able to contend.

The society is in a period of great change, the ideology is relatively free, the academic atmosphere is relaxed, and the economic strength of various countries is becoming stronger and stronger, and they tend to prosper.

Its roots are due to the relatively small social cost paid by the Zhou Dynasty, which not only inherited the material and cultural achievements of the Shang Dynasty, but also inherited its huge population size; As a result, it soon became prosperous.

In China, feudalism is an ancient form of government that slowly evolved from tribal alliances, and its most important feature is that the lord who owns the land has political power at the same time, and the political power is hereditary within the feudal territory.

The rapid development of the social economy has led to the fact that the common people not only need economic progress, but also ideological progress.

1. At that time, the society was in a period of change, and there was a relaxed academic atmosphere, 2) the economy of the various vassal states had developed greatly, and 3) the academic culture originally monopolized by the aristocracy was broken and spread to the lower class.

The controversy of a hundred schools of thought is the development of culture at that time. The economic base determines the superstructure. The contention of a hundred schools of thought was also determined by the social environment at that time and the level of development of the productive forces.

It is caused by the decline of the Zhou Dynasty, Lile is only the country's two codes of conduct, its collapse is like the last two straws that let the camel fall, it is the symptom of the outside, and in turn it represents the peeling off that is, the inside is rotten, and Confucius went to Juchang to restore the Zhou ceremony, in the eyes of Lao Tzu is like scratching the itch in the boots, the result of Confucius asking to see Lao Tzu is a bit confusing, the truth is here, Zhuangzi's Confucius Lao dialogue is for the fiction of the text can not be true.

The main reason is that the idea of great social change was very active at that time, and the kings of various countries felt that it was beneficial for their own rule to enrich the country and strengthen the army. There are also scientific reasons for this.

The reason for the emergence of the hundred schools of thought of the sons of the pre-Qin period was political needs, because at that time, the vassal states had to recruit talents in order to seize the hegemony; Then there are the economic factors, when the socio-economic development was relatively good, and people's material needs were satisfied; Finally, there was the rise of the gentry class, which led to the emergence of private learning.

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, there was a phenomenon of a hundred schools of thought contending, and people's thought and culture were the most brilliant, and the phenomenon of stars twinkling in the academic field appeared, which promoted the progress of Chinese thought. The phenomenon of a hundred schools of thought contending will occur mainly for the following reasons.

First of all, political needs. At that time, the society was in a period of change, the Zhou Dynasty began to decline, morality and etiquette collapsed, the vassal states were constantly fighting, the society was in turmoil, and the rulers of each vassal state needed a new ideological system to assist their rule and maintain their authority, and in order to gain hegemony and expand their sphere of influence, they all began to recruit talents. This has created a situation in which a hundred schools of thought are contending.

Secondly, the support of economic factors. In the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, social and economic development, especially into the Iron Age, the efficiency of cultivated land has also been greatly improved, grain production has also increased, science and technology have also made great progress, people have higher achievements in astronomy, medicine, etc., people's material life is relatively wealthy, when eating becomes a problem, people will have spiritual pursuit, many people will usually engage in some academic activities when they have nothing to do, begin to study and study, and become the so-called leisure class, which is "a hundred schools of thought contend" Economic conditions were created. <>

The other is the cultural factor, the rise of private learning. The emergence of the "scholar" class, the countries began to change the law, the aristocracy began to decline, at that time the study in Siyi had broken the situation of learning in the government, the situation of the aristocracy monopolizing culture and academia no longer existed, the government could not fully control the school, and the private could run the school, which led to the cultural and academic society at that time The lower strata of society began to spread, which led to the development of the wisdom and wisdom of the people in the lower class, so that the common people had the opportunity to be officials, which fundamentally shook the rule of the aristocratic class, and also promoted the situation of a hundred schools of thought.

The above is the reason for the contention of a hundred schools.

The fundamental reason for the emergence of the hundred schools of thought in the pre-Qin period was that it was a period of great social change, the slavery system collapsed, and the feudal system gradually formed. So, all kinds of ideas came into being. In addition, the wide application of iron tools in the Spring and Autumn Period and the improvement of production tools have greatly developed the economy, which has enabled some people to have time to engage in their own academic activities, and has laid a good economic foundation for the contention of a hundred schools.

Extended Materials. The hundred schools of thought of the pre-Qin princes appeared. Time.

In the late Spring and Autumn Period, there were different schools of thought such as Legalism, Taoism, Confucianism, Moism, and Yin-Yang School, which had considerable social influence, and by the middle of the Warring States Period, many schools of thought were numerous, and many theories were rich and colorful, laying a broad foundation for the development of Chinese culture.

This is due to the fact that the period of the Qin Dynasty was in a period of great social change, and there were also a lot of disputes between princes, which led to economic development, and various academic activities were engaged in each place, so it led to cultural development and led to the contention of a hundred schools.

The main reason is that the social pattern has changed, and there has been a period of great change, the collapse of the slave system, the formation of the feudal system, and finally the formation of the phenomenon of a hundred schools of thought.

They all wanted to save the chaotic society at that time and give the common people a stable and happy life. Let the country develop in a good direction. The ideas of Confucianism, Legalism and other schools have been used to this day.

Their common purpose is to strive to spread their doctrines in order to realize their ideas. Therefore they fought with each other to promote doctrines.

I think they're all the result of trying to get to the top of their power, so that they can become the head of a country.

In the long history of our country, the culture and ideas that emerged during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period were brilliant and of great significance to the development of history. Nowadays, we can get a glimpse of the cultural pomp of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period from the precious historical materials, which was an important period in Chinese history because it built the foundation of Chinese civilization. Why did there be a hundred schools of thought in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and the development of culture reached its peak?

In fact, it is related to the following three factors.

1. Economic and political changes The Zhou royal family in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period weakened rapidly, making other princes compete to establish a country, in order to get better resources and talents, so the social changes were greater, and at the same time, in order to enhance the national strength, they kept competing, so they had many views on social changes, and truly realized freedom of thought. In addition, the collapse of the economic well field system, coupled with the emergence of iron tools at that time, the use of iron tools was widely promoted, and the importance of cattle farming was widely promotedIn this way, the economy has developed rapidly, and on this basis, these people with lofty ideals have the conditions to specialize in academics.

Second, the class change in the beginning, the class contradiction is very large, at the same time, the class gap is serious, but the social situation in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period broke the class concept, so the "scholar" class rose, the leaders of the various vassal states can put down their figures, these "scholars" are courteous, and the scholars in order to be able to be reused, so they have expressed their way of governing the country, hoping to be governed.

3. Ideological and Academic FreedomDuring the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the study of knowledge was no longer confined to the government, but allowed the establishment of private schools, which provided the conditions for the children of the common people to go to school, so a group of knowledgeable scribes were produced, which provided an important foundation for academic development. In addition, the most important thing is academic freedom, because the political power is relatively independent, so each academic group can act according to the interests of the social group to which it belongs, and in order to be recognized, they not only write books, but also talk about freedom. Due to the competition for talents in various countries, these literati have a great deal of freedom to come and go.

What is the premise of the rise of the hundred schools of thought is as follows:

Political reasons. At that time, it was a period of great social change, and the society was in turmoil, and the various vassal states were in dispute. In order to achieve supremacy in the struggle, the kings of the vassal states competed to recruit talented people and use different ideas and doctrines to make their countries rich and powerful.

This creates a relaxed academic atmosphere for hundreds of schools of thought to contend.

Economic reasons. At that time, there was a great economic development, which made it possible for certain people to become idle and have time to engage in their own academic activities. Technological reasons.

Great progress has been made in science and technology, such as astronomy, mathematics, optics, acoustics, mechanics, medicine and other aspects have reached a high level at that time. These scientific and technological achievements indicate the improvement of people's level of understanding and enrich people's spiritual world and material life.

Cultural reasons. At that time"The Son of Heaven lost his official position and studied in Siyi", the result of which is broken"Learn in the government"The situation caused the cultural and academic monopolistic monopolistic of the aristocracy to spread to the lower strata of society and move down to the people (this historical phenomenon is called"Cultural downward shift"), caused"Private learning is thriving"。

Academic freedom reasons. Academic societies are relatively independent of political power. Although they proceed from the interests of different social groups, they write books and lectures, discuss current affairs, expound philosophies, and form their own opinions, but they are not political vassals and are attached to a certain political power group"If you use me, you will stay, and if you don't use me, you will go"。

Spring and Autumn Warring States"A hundred schools of thought contend"The emergence of the above-mentioned social and class relations is a reflection of China's ancient ideology and ideology. And this"A hundred schools of thought contend"The emergence of the company has its own special historical environment. In the late Spring and Autumn Period and the early Warring States period, the vassal states successively carried out reforms.

These were all processes in which the new landlord class used the power of political power to change the production relations of slavery and establish a new social order, thus completing the process of feudalization. By the time of the Warring States Period, a unified feudal regime had not yet been formed due to the feudal separatism of various countries. The new landlord class devoted its energies to political, economic, and military reforms in all the vassal states, so that the ideology of the landlord class lagged behind the rest of the economic base and superstructure for a considerable period of time.

Because the landlord class, which occupies the dominant position, has not yet consolidated its own political power, and its ideology has not yet formed into the ruling ideology of feudal society, this has created favorable conditions for the emergence of a situation in which hundreds of schools of thought are contending. Thinkers of all classes and strata of society from the mid-to-late Spring and Autumn Period to the Warring States Period were able to freely write books and theories and go around propagating their ideas and propositions, and were not excluded and constrained by the ruling ideology of the landlord class. Once the ideology of the ruling class of the landlord class is established and the feudal unified state is formed, it will be difficult to have the grand occasion of "a hundred schools of thought vying for the beat" as in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.