Why was the Qin state weak in the Spring and Autumn period, but why was it able to unify China in th

The fundamental reason for this lies in the Shang Dynasty reform.

The state of Qin was a vassal state during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period of China. The Qin people were a branch of the Chinese people who migrated westward. Legend has it that King Xiao of Zhou divided them into Qin because his ancestors were good at raising horses, as vassals of the Zhou Dynasty.

In 770 BC, Qin Xianggong escorted King Ping of Zhou to move eastward, was made a prince, and Qin Shi founded the country, occupying the territory of the original Zhou Dynasty in Shaanxi occupied by the Rong and Di people. From 677 BC, the Qin state built the capital in Yong for nearly 300 years. Yongcheng has a palace area, a residential area, a burial area for scholars and Chinese people, and a cemetery for the Qin Dynasty.

Qin's original territory was in the western part of present-day Shaanxi Province, which at the time was part of the periphery of China. Until the early Warring States period, Qin was a relatively weak state, perhaps because of its remote location, so it was not taken seriously by other countries. In the early Spring and Autumn Period, it was an inconspicuous country, and it was not until the time of Qin Mugong that it participated in the struggle for hegemony in the Central Plains, becoming a second-class power after the Jin, Chu, and Qi states.

In terms of science and technology, culture, etc., Qin was also relatively backward in the early Warring States period. This situation did not begin to change until 361 BC when the Shang Dynasty changed the law. From then on, the state of Qin began to grow stronger.

In 325 BC, King Huiwen of Qin was crowned king. In 316 BC, Qin destroyed Shu, and from then on Qin officially became a great power. Ying Zheng ascended the throne in 246 BC and came to power in 238 BC, beginning his conquest of the Six Kingdoms.

From 230 BC when Qin destroyed Korea, to 221 BC when Qin destroyed Qi and unified China.

Qin did not originate in the Central Plains, but a semi-nomadic and semi-agricultural tribe that grew up in the cracks of the Central Plains in the West and the East, originating in Qingshui County, Tianshui, Gansu Province.

In the early stage, the Qin Dynasty was only related to the middle, and later the law was changed to develop the Chengdu Plain. The reform of the political system increased productivity, and the development of the Chengdu Plain expanded the living space.

There are several reasons for this.

1.The kings of Qin in the past dynasties worked hard to govern and went crazy and tried to be strong.

2.Attract famous experts from the Kanto region to Qin, recruit talents from all over the world, and reuse talents. For example, Li Si, Zhang Yi, Lü Buwei, Shang Ying, etc.

3.The implementation of the reform of the law has greatly promoted the productive forces. Shang martingale change.

4.Rule of law.

External factors: 1, the countries of the Kwantung region conquered each other, which consumed national strength.

2.The royal families do not work hard to enjoy life.

No, after the Qin Dynasty destroyed the Six Kingdoms, the county system was completely implemented, and this is the case in every part of the country.

After the fall of the Qin Dynasty, Xiang Yu sealed the princes, Liu Bang was one of them, Liu Bang in the process of defeating Xiang Yu to establish the Han Dynasty, he relied on the strength of the princes' coalition army, such as the original subordinate Han Xin became a new prince, Peng Yue, Zhang Er Yingbu and others belonged to the old princes.

Liu Bang did not want to completely engage in the county system, even if the princes elected Liu Bang as the emperor, but the princes had their own strength, so Liu Bang launched a war against the king with a different surname, and eliminated them one by one, but for a while he could not directly complete the complete transformation from the feudal system to the county system, and at the same time, considering the need to give the clan a certain amount of strength to protect the Liu family, so he sealed his son or brother as the princes, and also realized the county system, called the county parallel, ** The imperial court controlled 13 counties It seems, The rest are the territories of the vassal states.

The existence of the original vassal kings did help the Han Dynasty to stabilize its rule, especially to quell the Zhulu Rebellion, and the vassal states also played some role.

After Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty ascended the throne, although he also thought about cutting the domain, he did not dare to implement it rashly, and the relationship between the basic ** and the local government at that time was relatively stable, that is, the Xiongnu had been doing things.

During the reign of Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty, Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty accepted the advice of his teacher Chao Cuo to cut the domain, and King Wu had long had a grudge against the emperor (Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty did not talk about chess virtue when he was the crown prince, and impulsively smashed him to death with a chessboard after losing a chess game with King Wu's son), and the other princes and kings were not satisfied with cutting the domain, so the rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms of Wu and Chu broke out.

In the end, the rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms was put down, and those rebellious feudal states were either revoked, or a few counties were cut off, or a few new kings surnamed Liu were sealed.

After Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ascended the throne, he implemented the Tui'en Order, which stipulated that after the death of the princes, the sons who were not the eldest sons of the princes could also be titled, but the titles of the original princes could only be inherited by the eldest son (or designated by the previous son), and the titles of other sons were one level lower than the eldest son, and so on, if you are a marquis, only your eldest son can inherit your title, and the other sons can only be earls, but the fief is completely divided by the original fief. Those who plot rebellion and rebellion will directly abolish the feudal state.

Through this series of operations, the feudal country is getting smaller and smaller, and finally some people become commoners, and the territory can only become a county and a county, and if you don't have a son, there will be no one to inherit after you die, and your feudal country will be abolished directly, unless an emperor remembers the merits of one of your ancestors or simply looks at your family's pity, and chooses one of your father's sons to inherit or re-title him.

But the emperor would crown his son as king, but the power and strength were very different from those of the previous vassal states.

The Han Dynasty implemented the county system, that is, the county system and the feudal system were carried out simultaneously. Because Liu Bang, the ancestor of the Han Dynasty, borrowed from the reasons for the fall of the Qin Dynasty and believed that one of the reasons for the rapid fall of the Qin Dynasty was caused by the fact that Qin did not divide his sons, so he adopted this system.

The Qin Dynasty was a county system.

The Han Dynasty was a county system and a sub-feudal system, including the kingdom and the marquis, this two parallel systems are also known as the "county system", although the two Han Dynasty were parallel, but still based on the "county system". At the beginning of the Han Dynasty, the feudal system was restored, and at the same time, the county system was implemented, so that the counties and states were mixed to contain each other, which played a positive role in maintaining the centralization of power and national unity.

Liu Bang was not willing to divide the princes and kings with different surnames, for example, Han Xin was the king of Qi at the beginning, when Han Xin did not send troops if he could not be crowned king.

After the rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms was pacified, all the officials of the feudal country were appointed and dismissed by **, and the princes only collected taxes, and the feudal country existed in name only.

Because the Han Dynasty was a feudal system, Liu Bang, the ancestor of the Han Dynasty, divided the princes as kings, so as to shepherd one side, and declared that those who were not surnamed Liu were the kings of the world, opening the era of the world.

This has to do with the form of the world at that time. Because Xiang Yu killed the prince of Qin and became the overlord of the world, the nobles of the original six countries have established themselves and divided themselves, and those who have made great contributions in the process of destroying Qin have also been crowned kings by Xiang Yu (for example, Liu Bang, who entered the customs first by Xiang Yu, is the king of Han). After the Chu and Han contends, Liu Bang defeated Xiang Yu with Han Xin, Peng Yue, Yingbu and other fierce generals, because these people had great merit and the concept of people at that time was also to worship the king, so Liu Bang named these people kings.

Another reason is that Liu Bang believes that one of the reasons why Qin perished quickly is because the emperor's heirs and relatives did not seal the country, so when the ** regime encountered a threat, there was no help from the clan. So Liu Bang divided his descendants as kings (such as Liu Biao, King of Wu, Zhang Ao, King of Zhao, and Liu Fei, King of Qi). The former, such as Han Xinzhi and others, was crowned out of political considerations to stabilize people's hearts, and the latter was originally divided into clans to stabilize the ** regime.

In fact, throughout the Western Han Dynasty, after Liu Bang divided the princes, the emperors of the Western Han Dynasty gradually increased the number of counties and weakened the strength of the vassal states. After his death, only Wu Rui, the king of Changsha, was left alone. After that, the kings with the same surname in successive dynasties were also gradually decreasing, and the area and national strength of the vassal states were also gradually decreasing.

Therefore, the restoration of the vassal states in the early Han Dynasty was to alleviate the contradictions in all aspects at that time, and then gradually weakened them. The gradual transition to a full county system was a moderating method of reform, which could reduce the social upheaval caused by the direct abolition of the feudal system, and protect the foundation of the state that had not yet taken root in the early Han Dynasty.

Because the Qin State changed the law through the Shang Dynasty, its national strength was greatly enhanced, and it adopted a foreign policy of distant friendship and close attack, and exterminated the Six Kingdoms step by step.

Because the Qin State made changes, it eventually led to their military strength being very strong.

Because several generations of emperors of the Qin State have been working hard to make the Qin State the most powerful, it is the Qin State that unifies the six countries.

Because, Han Xin led the army and annihilated the six countries that wanted to stand on their own, and the Han Dynasty experienced a hundred years of rule, and the unification of ideas was deeply rooted in the hearts of the people.

Because after the Qin Dynasty unified the six kingdoms, Qin Shi Huang unified the script and unified weights and measures, which made China truly a country with a common cultural tie, so it is difficult to separate them again.

Because after the unification of the Qin State, the famous nobles of other countries have been relatively decayed and no longer have military strength. At that time, after Liu Bang was unified, they did not have the military strength to oppose Liu Bang.

Because at this time, the Qin State had already established its own majesty, which was very powerful.

Talking about the demise of the Qin Dynasty, everyone was deafening to Xiang Yan's "Although Chu has three households, the destruction of Qin will be Chu". Why was Chu the most resolute in its resistance to the Qin Dynasty? This was closely related to the political system of Qin and Chu at that time.

In the late Warring States period, starting from Wei Wenhou's use of Li Kui's reform, all countries carried out political system reforms, except for Chu, other countries implemented the county system of centralized power. You must know that the agricultural warfare system of the Qin State removed all the privileges of the nobility. The state of Qin destroyed the state of Chu.

The biggest contrast is the nobles of the Chu State. In the state of Chu, they have hereditary privileges, the state of Qin destroyed the state of Chu, did not exterminate the nobles of the state of Chu, did not give them military service in the new regime, and at the same time did not go through the baptism of the system of centralization, of course they gritted their teeth and hated the Qin dynasty, which was the most resolute reason for the state of Chu in the war to destroy Qin.

Well, because King Qin was more irritable, and Qin II was also relatively idle.