Conditions for the southward shift of China s economic center of gravity in ancient times 5

1. The north has been at war for a long time, and the south is relatively stable. 2. The migration of a large number of people from the north to the south has brought with them relatively advanced productive forces, which is conducive to the progress of production in the south. 3. The southward relocation of the political center, such as the Southern Song Dynasty, made the transfer of the economic center officially transferred.

4. The rulers of the South attached great importance to economic development. 5. The natural conditions in the south are superior, which is conducive to economic development.

The development of productive forces, the progress of farming tools.

Northern wars (Anshi Rebellion, etc.), a large number of northern people moved south;

Sun Wu, Eastern Jin Dynasty and other dynasties built the capital of Jiangnan, the promotion of the political center.

At that time, the north was in the midst of war, and the people fled one after another, and the south of the Yangtze River was far away from the war, and the economy naturally moved south.

China's southeast coastal ports are open, exchanges with the world are frequent, and the results of trade have greatly increased, so the economic center of gravity has shifted southward.

It has something to do with the development of the south and the war in the north.

First of all, most of the grain in the south (Jiangnan area) is three seasons, that is, three harvests a year. Secondly, the transportation in the south is relatively developed compared to the north. The waterways are vertical and horizontal, the circulation of goods is relatively large compared to the north, compared to the north, the south has relatively few wars, and the northern nomads do not fight much in the south.

The southward shift of China's economic center of gravity began during the Three Kingdoms, the Jin Dynasty, the Northern and Southern Dynasties, and ended in the Song and Song dynasties.

1. Began to move south: the period of the Three Kingdoms and the Two Jin Dynasties and the Northern and Southern Dynasties.

Prior to this, the economic development of the north far exceeded that of the south, and the economic center of gravity was in the north, although the economic center of gravity also changed during this period, but it was always moving east and west along the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River. Since then, due to the development of Shu Han and Eastern Wu, the economy of the south has begun to develop.

2. The economic center of gravity shifted rapidly to the south: the Sui and Tang dynasties.

The center of gravity of the economy has shifted rapidly to the south, and economic development has basically tended to be balanced from the north to the south, and the south has begun to surpass the north. In the last years of the Western Jin Dynasty and the period of the Sixteen Kingdoms, the south where the Southern Dynasty was located was further developed, and the social and economic development of the south was faster than that of the north.

3. The southward movement was finally completed: from the Northern Song Dynasty to the Southern Song Dynasty.

During the Northern Song Dynasty, the southern economy continued to develop sustainably, and by the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, the economic center of gravity had completed the historical process of moving southward. The fall of the Northern Song Dynasty, the southern crossing of the Song Dynasty, and the beginning of the Southern Song Dynasty marked the shift of China's economic center of gravity to the southeast, and China has steadily formed an economic pattern in which the southern economy is ahead of the north, and the most developed Jiangsu and Zhejiang regions in the south have become the economic center of gravity of the whole country for a long time.

The reasons for the southward shift of the economic center of gravity in ancient China:

1. The long-term war in the north and the relative stability in the south have provided a favorable social environment for the economic development of the south.

2. A large number of working people in the north moved south to escape the war, enriching the labor force in the south and bringing advanced tools and technologies.

3. The southward shift of the political center (such as the Southern Dynasties and the Southern Song Dynasty) or the eastward movement (such as the Ming and Qing dynasties) accelerated the development of the south.

4. The natural conditions in the south are good, suitable for agricultural development, and the external conditions are better than those in the north.

The fact that the southward shift of the center of gravity of the ancient Chinese economy and the economic development of the south were both accomplished under the conditions of war in the north and relative stability in the south, which shows that political stability is the premise and foundation of social and economic development, and that a war-torn and turbulent social environment can only destroy the social productive forces and destroy the fruits of economic development.

As a result of the war, a large number of people from the north moved south in ancient times, increasing the labor force of the south and bringing advanced production tools and technology to the south, which reflected the highest level of the development of social productive forces at that time, which shows that the hard work of the people of all nationalities and the progress of the productive forces are the most important factors in economic development, and the introduction and application of the most advanced production technology is an important guarantee for promoting rapid economic development.

From the Northern Song Dynasty to the Southern Song Dynasty, the reason why the economic center of gravity continued to move south and was able to be finally completed is as follows:

1. Natural factors.

The climatic conditions of the Song Dynasty changed, making the south more suitable for agricultural development. At the same time, due to the early economic development in the north, soil erosion is serious, and human activities have seriously damaged the natural environment, and the environment has deteriorated, affecting agricultural production. However, the economic development of the south since the Three Kingdoms period has laid a certain foundation for economic development, and the natural environment has been well maintained, providing favorable natural conditions for the economic development of the south.

2. Political factors.

This is manifested in the following ways: first, most of the territory ruled by the two Song Dynasty was in the south, and the political center of the Southern Song Dynasty was also moved to the south, which promoted the continued economic development of the south to a certain extent; Second, since the end of the Tang Dynasty, wars and turmoil have been frequent in the north, while the south has been relatively stable, providing a relatively stable social environment for economic development.

Third, during the Song and Song dynasties, the struggle of the people of the Central Plains against the plundering of the northern minority nobles prevented the northern minority nobles from going south, saving the south from the scourge of war; Fourth, the rulers attached importance to economic development and adopted some policies conducive to economic development, thus promoting the economic development of the south.

3. Economic factors.

There are still many wars and turmoil in the north, while the social order in the south is relatively stable, and the people of the north have moved south in large numbers, providing a large number of labor force for the economic development of the south, so that the natural resources of the south can continue to be exploited and utilized, and the economic order of social and ethnic slag has developed, so that it will eventually surpass the north, and the national economic center of gravity has been shifted to the south.

Answer: Process: Since the Three Kingdoms of the Eastern Han Dynasty and the Kaituan period of the Wei and Jin dynasties, the southward migration of the northern people laid the foundation for the southward migration of China's ancient social and economic center. In the late Tang Dynasty, China's economic center began to gradually move southward; In the Southern Song Dynasty, the country's economic center finally completed the transfer from the Yellow River basin to the Yangtze River basin.

Causes: The north has suffered from several wars and serious economic and environmental damage, while the south is relatively peaceful, which is conducive to economic development. The southward migration of the people from the north brought with them abundant labor and advanced production technology, and they worked together with the people of the south.

The abundant self-allocated local resources and superior climatic conditions in the south provide a good environment for economic development. This process was also facilitated by the southward shift of the traditional political and cultural centers of the Central Plains (e.g., the Eastern Jin Dynasty established the capital of Nanjing and the Southern Song Dynasty established the capital of Hangzhou). The excavation of the Grand Canal in the Sui Dynasty opened up the north-south waterways, which also promoted the process of shifting the economic center of gravity to the south.

During the period of the Three Kingdoms and the Northern and Southern Dynasties, China's Jiangnan region developed rapidly, and an economic system of rice and wheat cultivation and waterways complemented by waterways was initially formed. During the Sui and Tang dynasties, the development of the south caught up with the north; Northern song dynasty.

Jiangnan's economy continues to develop; Southern song dynasty.

The economy of the Jiangnan region has surpassed that of the north, and the economic center of gravity has shifted southward.

The southward shift of the economic center of gravity has led to the southward shift of the cultural center of gravity, making Jiangnan a land of wealth and talents.