What type of electromagnet is the magnet of a maglev train AC, DC, traction or something else

Alternating current. The alternating current flowing in the coils on both sides of the track turns the coils into electromagnets. Due to its interaction with the superconducting electromagnets on the train, the train is set in motion.

The train moves forward because the electromagnet at the head of the train (n-pole) is attracted by the electromagnet (s-pole) installed on the track a little earlier, and at the same time repelled by the electromagnet (n-pole) installed a little later on the track. When the train advances, the direction of the current flowing in the ** circle is reversed. As a result, the original S-pole coil is now an N-pole coil, and vice versa.

<> repulsive force makes the train hang, and attraction makes the train move.

Introduction to maglev trains

Maglev train is a modern high-tech rail transportation tool, which realizes contactless suspension and guidance between the train and the track through electromagnetic force, and then uses the electromagnetic force generated by the linear motor to pull the train to run.

The principle of maglev trains.

Since the magnet has two forms, the magnet repels and attracts the opposite, so the maglev train also has two corresponding forms

1.The magnetic levitation train of the electromagnetic operation system designed by using the principle of homogeneous repulsion of magnets uses the repulsion force generated between the magnetic field formed by the superconductor electromagnet on the car and the magnetic field formed by the coil of the track to make the car body levitate the railway.

2.The magnetic levitation train of the electric power operation system designed by using the principle of magnet opposite-sex attraction is to install magnets at the bottom of the car body and the top of the reverse steering on both sides, and the reaction plate and the induction steel plate are respectively set up above the T-shaped guide rail and below the outrigger part, so that the current of the electromagnet is controlled, and the gap between the electromagnet and the guide rail is maintained at 10-15 mm, and the repulsion force of the guide rail steel plate is balanced with the gravity of the vehicle, so that the car body is suspended on the guide rail surface of the lane.

Therefore, the maglev train uses the principle of "the same sex repels each other, and the opposite sex attracts", so that the magnet has the ability to resist gravity, so that the car body is completely off the track, suspended at a distance of about 1 cm from the track, and takes off, creating a miracle of almost "zero altitude" space flight.

1. Maglev train is a kind of EMU: not only high-speed trains have EMUs, but also all types of trains, including normal-speed EMUs, general-speed trains, subway trains, light rail trains, monorail trains and maglev trains.

2. The classification is different: the motor car includes two categories: locomotive and power carriage. Maglev trains can be divided into two categories: normal conductive attraction type and superconducting repulsion type according to the type of electromagnet used in maglev trains.

3. The time is different: the single-section locomotive (steam locomotive) of the bullet train was invented in 1804, and the maglev train was first proposed in Germany in 1922.

The maglev train takes advantage of the characteristics of magnets that repel the same sex and attract the opposite sex.

The maglev train uses the principle of repulsion of the same sex and attraction of the opposite sex, so that the magnet has the ability to resist gravity, so that the car body is completely off the track, suspended at a distance of about 1 cm from the track, and drives in the air, creating a miracle of near-zero altitude space flight.

The maglev train is a kind of train propelled by magnetic levitation, which realizes the non-contact suspension and guidance between the train and the track through electromagnetic force, and then uses the electromagnetic force generated by the linear motor to pull the train to run.

Because the magnetic force of its track makes it suspended in the air, reduces friction, different from other trains need to touch the ground when walking, only by the resistance from the air, the speed of high-speed maglev train can reach more than 400 kilometers per hour, and the medium and low-speed maglev is mostly in 100-200 kilometers per hour.

The maglev train is mainly composed of three parts: the suspension system, the propulsion system and the guidance system. Although it is possible to use a propulsion system that is not magnetic, in the vast majority of current designs, these three functions are performed by magnetism.

Maglev train classification

1. According to the types of electromagnets used in maglev trains, they can be divided into two categories: normal conductive attraction type and superconducting repulsion type. Constant attraction and superconductivity repulsion.

1) Constant attraction type.

The normal conduction attraction maglev train is to use the constant conductance magnet and the guide rail as the magnet conductive body, and the air gap sensor is used to adjust the size of the suspension gap between the train and the line, in general, the size of the suspension gap is about 10mm, the running speed of this maglev train is usually in the range of 300-500km h, which is suitable for intercity and suburban Zen transportation.

2) Superconducting repulsive type.

The superconducting repulsive maglev train is the use of ultra-leakage conductive magnets and low-temperature technology to achieve suspension between the train and the line, the size of the suspension gap is generally about 100mm, this kind of maglev train does not levitate at low speed, and only levitates when the speed reaches 100km h. Its maximum operating speed can reach 1000 km h, and of course its construction technology and cost are much higher than those of the permanent attraction maglev train.

2. According to the suspension technology, there are two kinds of maglev trains according to the suspension mode: electromagnetic attraction suspension (EMS), permanent magnetic suspension (PRS) and induction repulsion suspension (EDS).

The power of a maglev train** is a linear synchronous motor, also known as a coil, which is an electric motor that is used to provide power through electromagnetic induction. It consists of a coil on the body and a coil that holds the magnet on the ground. When an electric current is passed through the body coil, it creates a magnetic field in motion.

This magnetic field causes the generation and interaction of electric fields in the magnets fixed on the ground. This interaction is sufficient to lift the train and keep it in levitation, while when the current changes, the train moves at a corresponding speed.

A maglev train is a high-speed train that does not require tracks like traditional trams, but uses magnetic levitation technology for levitation, which reduces friction with the tracks and reduces noise and vibration. The maglev train has better stability and safety when running at high speeds, and its speed can reach a higher speed than that of traditional rail transit. Not only that, but maglev trains also have lower energy consumption and less air pollution.

In addition to the coil motor, the maglev train also has other important components, such as the maglev system, hydraulic system, control system, etc. Its magnetic levitation system consists of permanent magnets, electromagnets, and air cushions, which work together to achieve the levitation of the train. The hydraulic system is responsible for controlling the height and position of the train, thus keeping the distance from the ground constant.

The control system is the most critical part, which controls the speed and steering of the train through sensors and a computer to ensure the stability and safety of the train.

Maglev train is a new type of high-speed transportation, which uses the advantages of modern science and technology to continuously improve the speed and performance of the train, and has a good development prospect and application prospects. However, due to the complexity and high cost of magnetic levitation technology, it is difficult to achieve large-scale commercial application at present. Only in the case of continuous technological progress and cost reduction in the future, the maglev train can become a major means of transportation, bringing more convenience and benefits to people's travel.

Since magnets have two forms, same-sex repulsion and opposite-sex attraction, there are also two corresponding forms of maglev trains:

1. One is a magnetic levitation train designed by using the principle of magnet repulsion of the same sex, which uses the repulsion force generated between the magnetic field formed by the superconductor electromagnet on the car and the magnetic field formed by the track coil to make the car body suspend the railway;

2. The other is the magnetic levitation train designed by using the principle of magnet opposite-sex attraction, which is to install magnets at the bottom of the car body and the top of the reverse on both sides, and set up reaction plate and induction steel plate respectively above the T-shaped guide rail and below the outrigger part, so as to control the current of the electromagnet, keep a gap of 10-15 mm between the electromagnet and the guide rail, and balance the repulsion force of the guide rail steel plate with the gravity of the vehicle, so that the car body is suspended on the guide rail surface of the lane to run.

The maglev train is mainly composed of three parts: the suspension system, the propulsion system and the guidance system, although the propulsion system that is not related to the magnetic force can be used, but in most of the current design, the functions of these three parts are completed by the magnetic force.

There are currently two directions of magnetic levitation design:

1. (EMS) is a suction suspension system, which is combined with the electromagnet on the locomotive and the ferromagnetic track on the guide rail to repel each other to produce suspension. When the normal conductive maglev train is working, the electromagnetic repulsion force of the suspension and guiding electromagnets at the lower part of the vehicle is first adjusted, and the magnet reaction with the windings on both sides of the ground track floats the train. Under the reaction of the guide electromagnet at the lower part of the vehicle and the track magnet, the wheel is kept at a certain lateral distance from the track, and the contactless support and non-contact guidance of the wheel-rail in the horizontal and vertical directions are realized.

The suspension gap between the vehicle and the track is 10 millimetres, which is ensured by a high-precision electronic adjustment system. In addition, since the suspension and guidance are practically independent of the speed of the train, the train can still enter the suspension state even when it is parked.

2. (EDS) The magnet is used on a moving locomotive to generate current on the rail. Since the gap between the locomotive and the guide rail decreases, the electromagnetic repulsion force will increase, and the resulting electromagnetic repulsion force provides stable support and guidance for the locomotive. However, the locomotive had to be fitted with wheel-like devices to support the locomotive during "take-off" and "landing" because EDS could not guarantee suspension at locomotive speeds below about 25 mph.

EDS systems have been further developed under low-temperature superconductivity technology.