Analyze the impact of international trade on income distribution 15

Since Adam Smith's international theory, economists have begun to study the relationship between income distribution between countries in the world. With the development of economy and society, the theoretical exploration in this area is also deepening. At present, liberalization and its impact on social inequality and income distribution have attracted a lot of attention from economists.

Meaning of liberalization:

According to the existing research literature, the meaning of trade liberalization is linked to the characteristics that describe liberalization. Representative views are as follows:

1. Liberalization refers to complete freedom. This is manifested in the drastic reduction of tariff and non-tariff barriers, and the elimination of all intervention in activities. This is an extreme view. In fact, there is not a single country or region to this day.

Complete freedom** is practiced, and the intervention of the States in ** activities has never ceased.

2. Liberalization is the neutralization of a country's system. Neutralization means that incentives are evenly distributed between the import and export sectors and the anti-export bias in the system is reduced. Bhagwati believes that neutrality is at the heart of liberalization.

1. Because the main advantage of China's primary industry is rich labor force and large output, but the technical content is not high, it has no obvious advantage in the world. However, the secondary and tertiary industries (such as manufacturing, services, technology and knowledge-intensive industries) have obvious advantages in the international industry, and the international industry has promoted the development of the secondary and tertiary industries, and the development of the secondary and tertiary industries will inevitably lead to the development of the primary industry, so it can narrow the income distribution gap between urban and rural areas, bring more employment opportunities to the people, improve the income level of laborers, and improve the domestic income distribution.

Second, the impact of international ** on wage income is mainly reflected in the income and wages between unskilled workers and skilled workers, the international ** has further increased the income of skilled workers, so it is possible to expand the gap in income distribution, the development of international ** is constantly expanding the wage gap between skilled workers and unskilled workers, but for some areas there is a mitigating effect, although the wage gap between skilled workers and unskilled workers in China as a whole is expanding, However, it has narrowed the wage gap between skilled and unskilled workers between regions.

Third, in the international world, the development of superior products can help improve the income standard of workers, while inferior products will widen the income distribution gap and reduce the income of workers. The competitive advantage of domestic superior product enterprises will be more obvious, and the structure of domestic industries will inevitably be optimized and adjusted, which will also drive the development of domestic related industries and enterprises, while the production enterprises of inferior products will go bankrupt, die out or reduce their scale.

Fourth, foreign investment in the international world will promote the income and distribution of Chinese residents, but there will also be regional differences. Because the coastal areas are more attractive to foreign businessmen, they have more advantages than the inland, central, and western regions, so there will be obvious income distribution gaps in the inland, central, and western regions.

In recent years, China has been actively advocating increasing foreign investment, and requires that China's labor advantage be realized according to the characteristics of China's economic development, which has alleviated the problem of uneven income distribution in China to a certain extent, and also narrowed the income distribution gap between urban and rural areas.

First, due to China's primary industry.

The main advantage is that the labor force is abundant and the output is large, but the technical content is not high, so the advantage is not obvious in the international market. However, the secondary and tertiary industries (such as manufacturing, services, technology and knowledge-intensive industries) have obvious advantages in the international industry, and the international industry has promoted the development of the secondary and tertiary industries, and the development of the secondary and tertiary industries will inevitably lead to the development of the primary industry, so it can narrow the income distribution gap between urban and rural areas, bring more employment opportunities to the people, improve the income level of laborers, and improve the domestic income distribution.

Second, the impact of international ** on wage income is mainly reflected in the income and wages between unskilled workers and skilled workers, the international ** has further increased the income of skilled workers, so it is possible to expand the gap in income distribution, the development of international ** is constantly expanding the wage gap between skilled workers and unskilled workers, but for some areas there is a mitigating effect.

Further Material: Characteristics of Income Distribution:

1. Individual labor is not direct social labor, it can only be transformed into social labor through market exchange, and only individual labor that is transformed into social labor can obtain labor remuneration. In many enterprises, there is a backlog of products and workers are laid off, not because the workers in these enterprises do not provide labor, but because individual labor cannot be transformed into social labor, and thus becomes an ineffective labor. Labor that is ineffective cannot be remunerated.

2. The same amount of labor is achieved through a tortuous road. In order for individual labor to be transformed into social labor, it must pass through the market and be subject to the law of value.

of domination. Under the effect of the law of value, individual labor is exactly equal to social labor, so that the same amount of labor can get the same amount of remuneration;

If the individual labor cannot be transformed into social labor in whole or even in its entirety, the same amount of labor cannot be paid equally; The social work achieved is greater than the individual labor, and the laborer receives an excess remuneration.

3. Distribution according to work is obvious in the same enterprise, but it is ambiguous in the whole society. in the commodity economy.

Under the conditions, each enterprise has independent material interests, and the workers do not directly provide labor to the society, but provide labor to the enterprise, and obtain labor remuneration from the enterprise, which is the same as the economic benefits of the enterprise.

Direct hooks. Due to the different economic benefits of each enterprise, the distribution according to work is ambiguous from the perspective of society as a whole.

Whether it is international** in the short term or international** in the long term, it has an impact on income distribution. Because of the international **, a country's economy can be circulated, and the economy develops rapidly, which increases the income distribution of a country.

Income distribution is mainly based on the company's profit before interest and tax (i.e., interest, income tax and net profit) as the object of the division among various stakeholders. The composition of income distribution is the distribution of enterprise income in a broad sense; In a narrow sense, it is the distribution of after-tax profits.

International ** is generally composed of import** and export**, so it can also be called import and export**. International**also called the world**. Import and export can regulate the utilization rate of domestic production factors, improve the international supply and demand relationship, adjust the economic structure, and increase fiscal revenue.

In the long run: The factor price equalization theorem was proposed by Heckschel and Ohlin, and later developed and proved by Paul Samuelson, so it is also called Heckscher-Ohlin-Samuelson theorem (i.e., H-O-S theorem). The theory believes that under the framework of H-O theory, with the progress of international development, the factors of production between participating countries will achieve relative and absolute parity.

In the short term: The specific element model was developed by Paul Samuelson and Ronald Jones. This model assumes that a country produces two products and that the supply of labor can be allocated between the two sectors.

Unlike the Ricardian model, there are factors of production other than labor in the specific factor model. Labor can be moved between sectors and is a mobility element. Other elements are specific and can only be used to produce certain products.

On the surface, the international ** is a two-way flow, that is, the two countries import and export to each other, which will inevitably promote the increase of the national income level.

First of all, with the continuous opening up of the world, the total amount of imports and exports has increased year by year, because the total amount of US exports to China is related to the country's GDP, and the GDP has increased, which indirectly indicates that the national income has gradually increased; At the same time, the increase in the total amount of the enterprise affects the profit of the enterprise, and the profit of the enterprise increases due to the increase in the amount of the enterprise, which indirectly affects the increase in the income level of workers.

Secondly, the international promotion of goods is generally low, which can effectively reduce the cost of living for the people, which is equivalent to indirectly increasing the disposable income of the people.