The historical origin of the Ganzhou Uighurs, the list of the Uighurs of Ganzhou

Order Uighur Title Chinese Title Name Reign 1 Umur Lord Khan (ormuzd) Yingyi Khan Yao Luo Ge Renmei ? —924 2 Hue Khan (Later Tang Feng).

Fenghua Khan (later Jin Feng) medicine Luo Ge Di Yin (tigin).

Medicine Luo Ge A is lustful.

Yaoluo Ge Renyu 924-959 3 Jingqiong 959-977? 4 The night is down, and the secret rite is carried by the year.

Yaghlaqar Bilga) 980-998? 5 Lusheng 998? — 1003?

6 Chungshun Baode Khan (yaghlaqar=yaghlaqar=yaghlaqar=yaghlaqar=yaghlaqar=yaghlaqar=yaghlaqar=yaghlaqar=yaghlaqar=yagh —1016 7 Khan of Hue in Huaining Night Isolation and Naturalization 1016 - 1023 8 Khan of Baoguo.

Treasure Khan. Guizhong Baoshun Sulian Khan (Northern Song Dynasty Feng) Night Fall Isolation Tongshun 1023-1028 9 Qin Yinsun Yilugrad Yasu.

yaghlaqar = Ilugrad = night fall) 1028 - 1036.

The country fell and was annexed by Li Yuanhao of Western Xia.

According to the old and new Book of Tang, the Uighurs had long been active in Hexi. As early as the sixth year of the reign of Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty (632), more than 6,000 families from the Uighur tribe, the Khibi tribe, came to Shazhou under the leadership of Khibi He Li, and were placed in Gansu and Liang by the Tang Dynasty.

When the Uighurs of Ganzhou moved into the Hexi Corridor in the 40s of the 9th century, they first came under the control of the Tibetan Tibetans and then under the rule of the Guiyi military regime. In the late 9th century, the power of the Uighurs in Ganzhou developed rapidly, and finally broke away from the rule of the Guiyi military regime and stepped onto the stage of history as an independent state.

The Uighur Isthmus of Ganzhou has few people and insufficient national strength, but its location is at the throat of the Silk Road, surrounded by major powers, so since the day it was founded, it is guessed that Jian has been facing an existential crisis, and the Shazhou Guiyi Army in the west - the Jinshan State regime and the Western Xia from the northeast annexed the Hexi Corridor, and then the Qi Zhao Bureau controlled the Silk Road, the main communication route between China and the West, and has been eyeing the Ganzhou Uighurs. Therefore, for the Ganzhou Uighurs, who are struggling to survive in the cracks, how to deal with the relationship with the surrounding ethnic groups and the surrounding regimes has always been the leading purpose of their basic national policy.

During the more than a century of existence of the Uighur regime in Ganzhou, it maintained close political, economic, and cultural ties with the Central Plains Dynasty, and in addition to sending envoys to pay tribute and accepting their canonization and gifts, it also carried out ** activities in the name and manner of "tribute". Shi Zai: "When the Five Dynasties were in the Fifth Dynasty, there were people who lived in Ganzhou and Xizhou who tasted China, and the Uighurs in Ganzhou were counted to China, and they still called China their uncles, and China replied with edicts and called them nephews.

After the Uighurs moved west to Hexi, their power declined, so they had much less contact with the Tang Dynasty than they did in the Mobei period. In the second year of Tianfu (902), Tang Zhaozong was robbed to Fengxiang, "Lingzhou Jiedu envoy Han Xun, the Uighurs please lead the troops to the difficulty." [2] But it was not allowed.

In the second year of Tianyou (907), the Tang Dynasty was replaced by Later Liang (907 923). Soon after, the Uighurs established contact with it. The relationship between the Central Plains Dynasty and the Uighur envoys in Ganzhou is very detailed in the historical records, and there are also relevant accounts in the Dunhuang documents.

Judging from the historical facts listed above, the relationship between the Ganzhou Uighurs and the Central Plains Dynasty can be roughly summarized into three situations:

First of all, it is political. On the one hand, the Ganzhou Uighurs built a new tooth in Ganzhou, and as a footholder who came from afar, they wanted to forcibly occupy a territory on someone else's territory, and to obtain the recognition of the surrounding regimes, especially the recognition of the Shazhou regime, which was dominated by Han Chinese, first of all, they had to obtain the recognition and support of the Central Plains Dynasty, so asking the Central Plains Dynasty to canonize him was the most effective way. On the other hand, there are some indications that there was a military alliance with the Central Plains Dynasty to some extent, which was extremely beneficial for the Ganzhou Uighurs in dealing with Shazhou and Western Xia.

Secondly, the Central Plains Dynasty needed horses, medicine, spices, precious jade, etc., imported from or through the Ganzhou Uighurs, and the Ganzhou Uighurs had a desire for silk, clothing, gold and silver utensils, etc., from the Central Plains. Both sides benefited greatly from economic exchanges, especially the Uighur war horses, which played a non-negligible role in strengthening the military power of the Northern Song Dynasty.

What we see more often is the coexistence of its dual purposes of politics and economy, that is, the coexistence of the dual purpose of using Ganzhou as a place to build and controlling the transportation of the Silk Road, and the coexistence of the dual purpose of seeking the recognition and support of the Central Plains Dynasty and strengthening the tributary ** and seeking maximum economic benefits (such as inferior horses**).

The Western Uighurs were a secessionist regime in northwestern China during the Tang and Song dynasties. In the second year of the Tang Dynasty (848), Pang Teqin, who led the westward migration to the main part of the Uighurs, was called Khan in the territory of the former Tang Anxi Protectorate. He lived in Yanqi City (present-day Yanqi County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region), and ruled over the eastern part of present-day Xinjiang.

This was the beginning of the Uighur regime in the region. In the seventh year of the Tang Dynasty (866), the Uighur chief Fugujun attacked from Beiting (present-day Beipo Chengzi, Jimsar County, Xinjiang), defeated the Tibetans, and captured the cities of Xizhou (located in Gaochang, in present-day Gaochang, Turpan City, Xinjiang) and Luntai (near present-day Urumqi, Xinjiang). He sent his subordinate Dagan (official name) Mi Huaiyu to meet Tang Yizong Li Huang to report this victory.

From then on, this Uighur tribe gradually centered on Gaochang. According to the History of Liao, in December of the first year of Taizu of Liao (907), the "Hezhou Uighurs" paid tribute to the Khitan. And the state is Gaochang.

This indicates that the Uighur kingdom with its capital at Gaochang had already been established before that. During the Five Dynasties, the country was associated with the Central Plains Dynasty and was given the name of the "Western State" Uighurs. In February of the first year of Guangshun of the Later Zhou Dynasty (951), the Uighurs of Western Prefecture sent a large number of tributes to the Later Zhou, and the country already had a certain economic strength at that time.