How are the pyramids built? What is the pyramid structure?

It is said that the designer and architect of the pyramids, was the first genius in history to transcend his time. Hotep. However, his "genius" was too far ahead of his time to cause our rightful surprise and suspicion.

It was quite difficult to level a huge convex rock into a base of 52,900 square meters, and they completed the survey and construction of the base without a level, without power equipment, and without modern means of measurement. Its four bottom edges differ by less than 20 centimeters, and the error rate is less than one thousandth. The height difference between its southeast and northwest corners is only centimeters, and the error rate is less than 1/10,000....The force and position error of its east-west axis and north-south uranium is not more than 5 arc seconds, they do not have a "ruler", they only use the arm as a unit of measurement, called a wrist ruler (300 wrist rulers are equal to about 155 meters), how can the tower be built so accurately?

It's confusing!

In order to ensure the longevity of the pyramid, the designers did not need a single piece of wood or an iron nail, because wood is perishable and iron is easy to rust, which are all hidden dangers of solidity. There was no bond between the stones, but they fit together so seamlessly that not even the thinnest blades could fit in.

How to build up the stones layer by layer is a mysterious subject that leads people to speculate Some people say that it is a wooden boat-shaped tool that uses the principle of levers to gradually raise the boulders and build them layer by layer. However, where do the brackets and ropes that can lift several tons, dozens of tons, or even more than l00 tons come from? Some people say that the sand filling method is used to fill the sand along the base of the tower.

The sand fence rises with the base of the tower, acting as a foot robe, and after the tower is completed, the sand is removed. Now, let's do a math problem: The Kinning Tower in Egypt is a square cone with a pointed bottom and a height of l46 meters. The base of the tower is square, with a side length of 230 meters, Q: What is its volume?

If sand were to be placed around its perimeter to create a slope that could transport stones, and the angle of the slope would be 30 or 25 degrees, how many meters would its base edge be? Suppose they are also 146 meters high, how many squares of sand do you need for each? So much sand coming from?

In addition, the volume of transportation will be doubled. Some people say that it is the use of salt filling method, the method is the same as above, after use, only need to dissolve it with water, no need to move away, but so much salt is more difficult to obtain than Shayu. What's more, a heavy rain will dissolve the entire salt slope.

Some people think that the Nile mud bricks were used to build a spiral ramp, which stopped rising layer by layer, and the result was similar to that of the sand slope, except that the mud bricks were more difficult to obtain than the sand.

Pull the mummy up and ask, he knows best, because he asked for it.

The pyramid structure is: a pyramidal building, generally the base is a regular polygon such as a regular triangle or a square, or it may be other polygons, the sides are formed by multiple triangles or nearly triangular faces, and the top area is very small, or even spire-shaped.

Ancient pyramids were made of stacks of stones, the higher the material, the less material was used, and the center of mass was close to the base, which could effectively resist natural disasters, so the ancestors of civilizations around the world would use the pyramids as important memorial buildings, such as mausoleums and temples.

Since the 70s of the 20th century, due to the evolution of building technology, to achieve lightweight, plastic, good air conditioning and lighting, some architects will choose elements from geometry, and modern pyramidal buildings have been built all over the world.

Unsolved mysteries

Math riddles. A man named John Taylor in England, an amateur of astronomy and mathematics, and an enthusiast of the pyramids, made many amazing discoveries about the pyramids. He has studied the pyramids based on the data provided in the literature.

After doing his calculations, he found that the Great Pyramid of Khufu contained many mathematical principles. First, he noticed that the base angle of the Great Pyramid of Khufu was not 60 but 51.

Thus it is found that the area of each wall triangle is equal to the square of its height. In addition, the ratio of the height of the tower to the perimeter of the base of the tower is the ratio of the radius of the earth to the circumference, so the ratio of pi can be obtained by dividing the height of the tower by 2 times of the bottom edge. Taylor believes that this ratio is by no means accidental.

He proved that the ancient Egyptians already knew that the earth was round and that the ratio of the radius to the circumference of the earth was known. Taylor's notion was supported by the British mathematician Professor Charles Pitchsmith.

The pyramid structure is a structure with a large shape at the bottom and a small shape at the top, and the content at the top is the most prominent, the most core, and the most noticeable in the whole structure.

Each pyramid structure is built on a clear grouping basis. Grouping is a prerequisite for successful pyramid building, and each group of ideas must belong to the same category and should be exclusive.

Features of the pyramid structure

There are four characteristics of the pyramid structure: conclusion first, upper and lower correspondence, clear classification and logical progression.

For example, when sharing or reporting on a project executed in the work, you need to think about how to express it from the following perspectives: focused, clear thinking, and clear hierarchy.

Conclusions first: Let's start with the conclusions, i.e., what results have been achieved in this project.

Be categorical: Arguments should be in the same category.

Logical progression: Is there a logical order for different arguments? Give priority to the most important things that the audience cares about most.

The pyramids were built by ancient Egyptian slaves who piled up boulders with the help of animal power and rolling logs.

The boulders are transported to the construction site, and then the natural sand around the site is piled up into an inclined plane, and the boulders are pulled up the pyramid along the inclined plane. In this way, a layer of slopes was piled up, a layer of stones was built, and the pyramid was gradually heightened.

By building long ramps so that workers can continue to carry the stones to higher ground. Using the natural sand of Giza, the laborers bonded it with gypsum and plaster, piled up long slopes, and pulled the boulders up the pyramids. It took about 30 years to build the Pyramid of Khufu.

Egypt's Ministry of Culture said in a statement on January 10, 2010 that Egyptian archaeological teams had discovered a group of graves of pyramid builders in the Giza Pyramids area near Cairo, proving that the pyramids were built by workers and not by slaves.

Zahi Hawass, secretary general of Egypt's Supreme Council of Antiquities, said the tombs were built during the Fourth Dynasty of ancient Egypt, between 2575 and 2467 B.C. Similar to the pyramid builders' tombs previously found in this area, the distribution of these tombs proves that the pyramids were built by hired workers rather than slaves. "The fact that these tombs were built next to the pyramids of the pharaohs (i.e., kings) shows that the people buried in the tombs were by no means slaves," Hawass said, "because the tombs of slaves could not have been built directly next to the tombs of the pharaohs." ”

The pyramid is done as follows:

1. Prepare a square piece of paper to fold the pyramid.

2. Fold in half along the two middle lines, and then restore.

3. Fold them diagonally.

4. Tuck the origami paper along the crease, and the double triangle is completed.

5. Fold the two sides of the origami downward, and operate in the same way on the positive side.

6. Fold the extra four corners inward.

7. A simple and domineering pyramid is folded.

The pyramid is one of the Seven Wonders of the World, and it is very simple to fold a realistic pyramid out of paper. This folding method is relatively simple, and it is very suitable for children.

Method 2: Find a square piece of paper. To make a pyramid, you need to start with paper of equal length and width. The thicker the paper, the more durable the pyramid is, but if it is too thick, the pyramid will be difficult to fold.

Fold and combine the paper. First, fold and merge diagonally from top right to bottom left, and then cross diagonally through the middle from top left to bottom right.

Place the paper flat on the table. Look at the folds you made (this piece of paper will be folded into four triangles). Whether with a pencil or in your head, mark the four folds that divide the paper into four corners as A, B, C, and D (in a clockwise direction).

Position the newspaper. You want the paper to be in front of you, so that the triangle labeled D and A has its bottom edge.

Fold the paper into a smaller triangle. First, fold the left side of the triangle in half so that the outer edges of the C and D sides will be together. Repeat on the other side so that the outer edges of the A and B sides intersect.

Fold the triangle into a square. Starting from one side, fold the lower corners towards ** so that each lower corner touches the upper corner. Repeat on the other side.

Make the square look like a diamond with all the folded flaps and neat bottom dots on it in front of you. On each side of the paper, fold the two sides of the diamond into a center so that the bottom edge of the diamond is in a straight line with the center edge of the square.

Anchor pleats. On each face of the four kites in this sail, open one at a time until you get a small right-angled triangle protruding from the back of your fold. Fold this little triangle down to the front and fold up all the original folds.

Fold the tip of the kite off. Fold back and forth to form a nice crease. At the bottom tip of the kite and gently press on the center tip of the top.

The newspaper should start opening at the bottom of the last crease you made and. Once it's formed into a triangle, you can square the edges of the base and the sides of your paper pyramid.

The pyramids are an outstanding example of the ancient civilization of Egypt, built between about 2600 BC and 2500 BC. It is one of the most stunning buildings of ancient mankind and is breathtaking. So, how is the pyramid built?

1.Excavation of foundations.

The foundation of the pyramid is made of stones, and the bottom layer of stones is more than ten meters thick, which can bear the weight of the entire pyramid. Therefore, before the pyramid is built, a wide base is first excavated and then filled with earth, sand, and clay, among other things. Still, the foundation of the pyramid was not solid enough, and over time, the foundation began to break and collapse.

2.Carrying stones.

The pyramids were built from hundreds of thousands of huge stones, each weighing two to five tons. The stones needed to be transported from the quarries in the desert area and transported to the site where the pyramids were built. Archaeologists estimate that the pyramids need to carry about 2.3 million stones.

3.Processing and transportation of stones.

Once the stones are removed from the quarry, they need to be processed. Tools such as wooden chisels, pickaxes, and copper hammers are required to work with stone. These tools not only need to be manufactured, but also require a lot of wood and copper.

After processing, the stones are transported to the correct location, as any misalignment of the stone poses a threat to the structure of the pyramid.

4.Build the core of the pyramid.

At the heart of the pyramid was the gradual widening of the pyramid as the stones were piled up. The beam spramlers needed a platform to support and transport the stones, and they needed to pile the stones on the platform to form an inclined tetrahedron. Then, they would add stones on top of the inclined tetrahedron until the tetrahedron became hexagonal.

After the height of the pyramid reached a certain level, the stones were stacked without the support of the platform.

5.Capping and decoration of pyramids.

The final step of the pyramid is capping and decoration. The method of capping is to place a huge stone at the top of the pyramid to form a triangle. After that, workers began to carve decorative motifs on the surface of the pyramids, which were carved from the stone materials of the pyramid construction, showing some mythological or symbolic meaning.

Conclusion. Overall, the pyramid is a difficult project that requires a lot of labor and a lot of materials. With the help of tools, technology, and a lot of manpower, the Egyptians managed to build several huge pyramids, leaving countless historical and cultural heritage to the world.