Ancient merchants were so rich, why did they often not be able to buy what they wanted?

China's commerce has been produced since the Shang Dynasty and the Western Zhou Dynasty during the slavery period, and with the continuous development and improvement of productivity, the commerce of the Shang Dynasty has also been expanding, and the word merchant is also the first in the Shang Dynasty. Merchants are also known as businessmen, the famous four beauties in the history of our country, Xi Shi's favorite person, is the ancestor of commerce, he is the Eastern Zhou Dynasty famous businessmen such as Fan Li. In the Spring and Autumn Period, although merchants were still under the direct control of the government, they practiced "industrial and commercial food officials", but merchants were already a specialized profession.

Speaking of businessmen, it gives people the impression of "no treacherous businessman" and "mercenary" and the like, and businessmen leave people with the image of careful calculation in order to seek profits. At the same time, when people think about someone being born into a business family, they think that person must be rich. Merchants give people the impression that they are a very wealthy class, and they can buy whatever they want with so much money!

But in fact, this is not the case, although the merchant has money, it is not everything that can be bought. In Chinese history, the status of businessmen is not high, the society is not human, and the state does not pay special attention to this group of people, so China has always emphasized the tradition of agriculture and suppressing business, and for a long time in China, there has been the phenomenon of cheap businessmen. It was only later that the status of merchants gradually improved, and people no longer despised the profession so much.

Out of discrimination against merchants, some things are reluctant to sell to themCoupled with the control of the state, some things are owned by the royal family, and the common people cannot use them, and the merchants cannot buy these things even if they have money.

In addition, there are some things that are relatively rare, and in the era of relatively scarce productivity in ancient China, some things could not be widely produced, so it is useless to take a lot of money in the face of favorite rare items. As the saying goes, "money can make the devil grind" and "money is everything", these words are too exaggerated to the role of money, due to the limitations of the times, money can not buy all the favorite things. For example, good qualities such as loyalty, integrity, kindness, and bravery cannot be purchased by money.

In ancient times, the merchants were at the bottom of the line, and their social status was underground. In ancient times, there was a clear hierarchy of classes, and some commodities were often supplied exclusively by the ruling class, and they would not be offered to ordinary people, let alone merchants with underground status.

That's because the ancient people had limited production capacity, and many of the things they made were purely handmade, which could not be like now. Large-scale machine production lines were able to produce a lot of goods, and the circulation of goods at that time was not as developed as it is now.

Because although they have money, they have a low social status and are suppressed by the feudal dynasty, and what they want is bought by **** or high social status, and businessmen can't buy it.

Because the ancient feudal system was different from the current one, the emphasis on agriculture and the suppression of commerce was a highly respected system in the ancient feudal society. Even a poor peasant may have a higher social status than those who do business. Those merchants did some business and made profits, but they were even more looked down upon by the people at that time, and felt that they did not pay for their labor, so they lay down and made the difference.

For this kind of business behavior, it is labeled as mercenary.

We can see from such a simple four words, "Shinong Industry and Commerce", that businessmen rank last, which shows how low their status is. The reason for this is that the ancient class system suppressed these business factions. is already very rich, and if the social status is good, the threat to the feudal aristocracy can be imagined.

However, ancient merchants could only barely improve their status by relying on the powerful.

In fact, the two are just taking what they need, and it seems that the ancient merchants have become the living wallets of the feudal magnates. Thousands of years of Confucian ideology and cultural influence tell people to learn etiquette, righteousness and honesty, and for the history of businessmen, they will feel that this is through some improper means, such as no treacherous businessman, profiteering and making money. No matter how rich the ancient merchants were, they still had a very low status in the whole society.

The status of ancient merchants was so low, also because they were able to accumulate a lot of money, which made the royal nobles of the feudal dynasty worried, because they could not do anything with money. In other words, it was the ruling class that determined the status of the merchants in ancient times, and their suppression of the merchant faction was also aimed at strengthening their own power. After all, in feudal society, the royal family and nobility are supreme, and the emergence of merchants, their accumulation of wealth, may shake the absolute status of the common people to feudal rule.

Because one of the policies of ancient China was to emphasize agriculture and suppress commerce, and to attach more importance to the development of agriculture and inhibit the development of commerce, the status of merchants was relatively low。In ancient China, the choice to engage in the industry idea is 'Shinong industry and commerce', the pursuit of career in the first choice direction, and the business in the last choice, even if the people engaged in business in ancient times are rich, they are a relatively low group, in the society at that time there is no status at all.

In ancient times, it was mainly a feudal agricultural society, and attaching importance to agriculture could ensure the rule of the entire dynasty, and commerce had more money through transactions, and could enjoy a better material life, but the better material life in ancient times was generally enjoyed by the emperor's relatives and nobles, and the conditions obtained by merchants through their own efforts were to a certain extent a threat to the emperor's rule, which would liberate people from the idea of equality with each other, in order to better and more conveniently maintain their own rule, Therefore, all the ancient dynasties controlled their rule by inhibiting the development of commerce and developing agriculture.

The low status of merchants was largely due to the influence of policy, and under the special agricultural economy of ancient times, the ruling class needed to suppress other forces that challenged its position in order to maintain its own honorable position。At that time, commerce was a road that people had no choice but to choose, and people would rather choose agriculture than choose business, but from now on, the suppression of commerce has a certain impact on our development, so that our economy has been anchored in the agricultural economy.

In ancient times, people were feudal, merchants were rich but he did not have a position, the most powerful were those princes and descendants, and the emperors of the feudal system were the most statused.

In ancient times, the status of merchants with money was still so low, because the ancient national law was not measured by the economy, and only those who were officials had the right to speak.

In ancient times, the policy of emphasizing agriculture and suppressing commerce has been implemented, and the social hierarchy of farmers and industry and commerce has been divided, and the status of merchants has been placed last, and some of the merchants' families have not been able to participate in the imperial examination, the reason is that in ancient times, grain was used as the standard of national wealth, the emperor was the largest landlord, and there were more merchants, fewer farmers, and everyone went to business to make money, and no one grew grain, so the status of merchants was put so low.

Because the ancients revered sages and scholars, they thought that businessmen were full of copper smell and only wanted to make money, so they naturally had a low status.

Or is it related to the imperial system.

In the Yuan system, the status of the ancient people was divided into ten ranks, one official, two officials, three monks, four Taoists, five craftsmen, six workers, seven hunters, eight people, nine Confucians, and ten beggars.

"Nine Confucianism" is exactly the ** of the word "stinky old nine". ）

Shang Ying) Shang at the end of the Shang Dynasty originated from the Legalist thought of the Warring States Period, Li Kui's thought began to appear, and the Shang Dynasty changed the law to emphasize agriculture and suppress business. Han Feizi is a master of legalist thought, has a preliminary understanding of the relationship between the economy and social chaos, and pays attention to the relationship between population growth and wealth, he is the first thinker in Chinese history to put forward that "the people and the people have few goods" will bring social problems, to the Han Wen Emperor's heavy agricultural policy, the early Qing Dynasty to restore the economy, ask the times to hit the capitalists and big landlords, the essence of China's economy is still a small peasant economy, or an agricultural country.

What is most important in ancient times, it is not in vain that the people take food as the sky. If you don't have food, the soldiers won't fight you. That's how some mutinies came. In ancient times, the level of productive forces was low, and the foundation of social stability was that the people were able to live and work in peace and contentment and have something to eat.

This is to talk about the ancient Chinese tax system, the ancient Chinese tax is mainly divided into three types of taxes, from the poll tax to the land tax, because the number of people in ancient times was too small, the total number of poll taxes is not much. Later, it evolved to be dominated by land tax, supplemented by commercial tax. The abundance of land means that the more people who farm, the more rent the ruling class collects (in general).

With the development of industry and commerce, the peasants have gone to open shops, who will farm the land? Taxes are paid less, and food production is less.

In ancient times, the administrative ability was not high, ** the group of merchants was not easy to collect, the merchants were not like the peasants who could specify the exact amount of taxes according to the fields, most of the merchants were rushing, once they committed a crime, the roll was covered and left, the government was not easy to catch, and different local farmers could check the household registration.

For thousands of years, China's dynasties have been implementing the policy of "valuing agriculture and suppressing business", and the theory propagated by the dynasties is: businessmen make a living by buying and selling, do not produce, do not engage in and participate in production activities, and businessmen make money by "speculation". Therefore, the ancient feudal ** ranked the status of merchants lower than that of workers.

In ancient times, merchants made money by "speculating". Therefore, the ancient feudal ** ranked the status of merchants lower than that of workers. In ancient times, it was the highest status of official positions.

In ancient China, human beings were divided into hierarchies, with those with official positions being the highest and merchants being the lowest. Businessmen can be said to play an important role in a country's economy and are the lifeblood of the economy

It was a traditional policy in ancient times to emphasize agriculture and suppress commerce, because the monarch was afraid that people would see the wealth of merchants and would not be willing to engage in agriculture anymore, and if they did not engage in agriculture, the people would not be able to fight for the monarch.

Because of the ancient system, although you are very rich, but the prescribed farming status is higher than that of a merchant, even if you have money, there is no way.

Because in ancient times, most emperors emphasized agriculture and suppressed commerce, believing that heavy agriculture and suppressing commerce could ensure the longevity of their throne.

I think it is because ancient China was an agrarian society, and all dynasties were based on agriculture, as well as the long-term backwardness of economic thought and the influence of social psychology.

In ancient China, the identity of human beings was divided into several levels, namely municipal agriculture and industry. As the economic lifeblood of the country, merchants should have a high status and have a very important influence, but why was the status of merchants in ancient times very low?

First of all, it is necessary to relate to the social background at that time, China was an agricultural society at that time, and agriculture was the most important thing for the people, so it was very common to value agriculture and ignore business.

Because ancient China was an agrarian society, there was no advanced technology at that time, and if there were no farmers farming, what would people eat? For example, the people take food as their heaven, and food is iron.

This is the policy of the rulers, who emphasize agriculture and suppress business, and if they blindly encourage business, then agriculture will stop developing, shake the foundation of the country, and merchants are the most vulnerable to being oppressed by the rulers.

In ancient China, the level of productivity was low, and agricultural production has always been the country's top priority. Agriculture is based on labor-intensive. The presence of merchants actually reduces the agricultural labor force, and if everyone goes to business, food production will be affected.

threatens the stability of the country. Therefore, ancient China adopted a policy of suppressing commerce.

In addition, in ancient China, merchants were regarded as a class of unearned goods, who did not produce, but only bought and sold goods, and also affected the elevation of goods**. Therefore, businessmen have always been hand-discriminatory in China.

There is no business, no treachery, and in ancient times, he was regarded as a villain.

Ancient China was dominated by an agricultural economy, and the ruling ideology was Confucianism, which itself emphasized agriculture and suppressed commerce.

In ancient feudal society, the status of merchants was low, not because they did not understand the benefits of money, butBecause they think that it is not true for businessmen to make money by not working, and by buying and selling, so they rank the status of the merchants lower than the workers.

Because in ancient times, land politics, agricultural civilization, and heavy agriculture and suppression of commerce were one of the national policies of many dynastiesThe theory propagated by the ** of various dynasties is that the merchant is to buy and sell for a living, not engaged in production, not engaged in and participate in production activities, the three of them are making money by speculation, therefore, the ancient feudal ** ranked the status of the merchant lower than the worker, among which the scholar, **, the lifter, the scholar and so on are the highest status, then the peasants and landlords, then the craftsmen and craftsmen, and finally the merchants.

The ancients believed that merchants were always mercenary, which did not meet the Confucian requirements for people. Moreover, merchants may trade across borders, and if they are rich, they may also threaten the ruler and be suspected of colluding with foreign nations。If everyone pursues high profits in commodity trading, then who will farm the land will shake the foundation of domination.

Moreover, the business population is prone to mobility and is not easy to manage.

In ancient times, rich people on blind dates were not popular at all, and even were excluded, because in the eyes of ancient women, no matter how rich a businessman was, it was not a good choice to choose a mate, and in the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang stipulated that ordinary people could wear clothes made of silk, yarn, silk, and cloth 4 materials, butMerchants can only wear silk and cloth, and even in the Tang Dynasty, there were regulations that the sons of merchants could not enter the court as officials, and the Han Dynasty stipulated that the daughters of merchants could not be regarded as women from good familiesIt was not until the Ming and Qing dynasties that the status of merchants changed, and Chinese merchants also turned over successfully.