What principles should be considered when carrying out earthwork planning It is not a matter of aski

Basic Principles

1. Strive for the balance of digging and filling, the shortest transportation distance and the most cost-saving.

2. Consider the use of earthwork to reduce the repeated excavation and transportation of earthwork.

Principles of earthwork deployment: Earth deployment is an important part of earthwork planning. Its principle is: strive for a balance of cut and fill, the shortest distance, the most cost-saving, consider the use of earthwork, in order to reduce the repeated excavation and transportation of earthwork.

Steps of mass allocation: Divide the allocation area (draw the zero line) Calculate the average distance between the deployment areas (i.e., the distance from the cut area to the center of gravity of the fill area) Determine the initial deployment plan Optimize the plan discrimination Draw the mass adjustment diagram.

Determination of the optimal allocation scheme: The determination of the optimal allocation scheme is based on linear programming and is commonly solved by the "operation on the table" method. The steps are as follows:

Initial Deployment Scheme: The picture below shows a rectangular square.

The numbers in the small squares in the diagram are the quantities of earthwork in each allocation area, and the numbers on the shaft are the average distance between the allocation areas. Try to find the optimal plan for earthwork deployment.

Efforts should be made to achieve the basic balance of cut and fill and the nearby allocation, so that the sum of the amount of cut and the distance is as small as possible, that is, the amount of earthwork transportation or the cost is minimal;

The earthwork allocation should consider the principle of combining the recent construction with the later deployment, the principle of combining the zoning with the whole site, and the construction of large underground buildings as much as possible to avoid repeated excavation and site chaos.

Reasonable arrangement of excavation and fill zoning lines, selection of appropriate deployment direction, transportation routes, so that the performance of earthmoving machinery and transport vehicles can be fully utilized.

Good soil is used in areas with high backfill quality requirements.

The earthwork allocation should be combined with urban planning and farmland water conservancy as much as possible, and the soil should be transported to the designated dump site at one time to achieve civilized construction.

First, the purpose of earthwork allocation:

The purpose of earthwork allocation is to determine the direction and quantity of earthwork deployment under the conditions of the lowest earthwork transportation volume or earthwork transportation cost and convenient construction, so as to shorten the construction period and improve economic benefits.

Second, the specific principles of earthwork allocation:

1. Balance the excavation and filling, and fill at the same time as the excavation to reduce repeated reversal.

2. The sum of the product of the amount of excavation and the transportation distance is the smallest as far as possible, that is, the transportation route and distance are reasonable, the transportation distance is the shortest, and the total earthwork transportation volume or transportation cost is the smallest.

3. Reasonably retain the surface tillage soil to avoid reducing the quality of cultivated land due to soil extraction or spoiling.

4. The zonal allocation should be coordinated and combined with the full-field allocation, so as to avoid only focusing on the local balance, arbitrarily digging and filling and destroying the global balance.

5. The earthwork allocation should consider the combination of recent construction and later utilization. When the project is divided into phases, the earthwork balance of the early project should be combined with the needs of the later project and consider the use of the number of stacking positions, so as to deploy nearby, the stacking position should create conditions for the later project, and strive to avoid repeated excavation and transportation, when the early project has earthwork arrears, it can be excavated by the later project site.

6. The deployment should be combined with the construction of underground structures, and there are underground facilities that need to be filled, and the soil should be left to fill in. The division of the allocation area should also be combined with the construction of large underground buildings as much as possible to avoid repeated excavation of earthwork.

7. Choose the appropriate deployment direction and transportation route. The construction sequence is reasonable, and there is no convection and turbulence in earthwork transportation, and it is convenient for mechanized construction.

8. Select the appropriate deployment direction and transportation route, so that the efficacy of earthmoving machinery and transport vehicles can be fully utilized.

Earthworks need to pay attention to:

1. Safety requirements for manual excavation of foundation pits and foundation grooves.

When excavating manually, the operator must carry out slope grading or support protection according to the requirements of the constructor. The transverse spacing of the operators shall not be less than 2m, and the longitudinal spacing shall not be less than 3m, and it is strictly forbidden to dig holes and widen the trench from the bottom to the top to avoid collapse accidents.

2. Safety requirements for mechanical excavation.

Personnel participating in mechanical excavation must abide by the safety operation procedures of the machinery used, and the various safety devices of the machinery are complete and effective. The sequence of earthwork excavation should be carried out in sequence from top to bottom in layered sections, and it is forbidden to use the operation method of hollowing out the foot, and drainage measures should be taken.

3. Safety regulations for the prevention of earthwork collapse.

The construction personnel must carry out excavation operations in accordance with the requirements of safety technical disclosure. Before earthwork excavation, water must be lowered (discharged). The excavation should be excavated layer by layer from top to bottom, and it is strictly forbidden to excavate.

The purpose of the mass transfer: to minimize the cost of the entire project process.

Principles of earthmoving deployment:

1. In the half-filled and half-excavated section, it should first be considered to move the excavation and fill in this section for horizontal balancing, and then make longitudinal deployment to reduce the total transportation volume.

2. The earthwork deployment should consider the impact of the bridge and culvert location on the construction and transportation, and the general ditch is not crossed and transported, and at the same time, attention should be paid to the possibility and convenience of construction, so as to avoid and reduce the uphill soil transportation as much as possible.

3. In order to make the deployment reasonable, it is necessary to select the appropriate mode of transportation according to the terrain conditions and construction conditions, and determine the reasonable economic transportation distance to analyze whether the engineering soil is transferred or borrowed.

4. Although the "moving and digging for filling" of earthwork allocation should consider the problem of economic distance, this is not the only indicator, and it is also necessary to comprehensively consider the land occupied by the abandoned party or borrower, and compensate for the loss of green seedlings and the impact on agricultural production. Sometimes, although the transportation distance is exceeded, the transportation cost may be slightly higher, but if it can occupy less land and affect agricultural production, it may not be uneconomical on the whole.

5. Different earthworks and stones should be allocated separately according to the needs of the project to ensure the stability of the roadbed and the materials of the artificial structures. 6) The section of the turning curve located on the hillside should give priority to the vertical transfer of earthwork on the upper and lower lines.

6. The earthwork allocation should be discussed with the local government in advance for borrowing soil and spoiled soil, and properly handled. The borrowing of soil should be combined with the topography, farmland planning, etc., and the borrowing of land should be comprehensively considered, such as returning land to the field, land preparation and other measures. The spoil should not occupy or occupy less cultivated land, and it is advisable to level the spoil into arable land under possible conditions to prevent indiscriminate dumping, or blocking rivers and damaging farmland.

The principle of earthwork allocation: the shortest total transportation distance, cut-and-fill balance (time balance, space balance).

The purpose is simply two words: save money (with the lowest cost).

The purpose of earthwork allocation is to minimize the total earthwork transportation volume (m3-m) or earthwork construction cost, the principle is to consider the project and site conditions, earthwork construction methods and schedule requirements, engineering batch and phased construction arrangements, etc., under the premise of optimization, as far as possible to achieve a balance of filling and excavation earthwork, and strive to avoid repeated excavation and construction chaos.

The earthwork allocation should determine which cuts to be moved and filled, which cuts to be transported to the spoil pile, and which fills to borrow soil from the pits.

The principle of earthwork allocation: strive to achieve the balance of cut and fill and the principle of shortest distance; The principle of recent construction and later use. To carry out earthwork allocation, it is necessary to choose an economical and reasonable deployment plan based on the specific conditions of the site, relevant technical data, construction period requirements, earthwork construction methods and transportation methods, and after calculation and comparison.

The division of the allocation area should be coordinated with the location of the house or building to meet the requirements of the construction sequence and phased and batch construction, so that the recent construction and later use can be combined; The size of the blending area should make the functions of machinery and vehicles be fully exerted; When the earthwork distance is large or the earthwork in the field is unbalanced, according to the nearby terrain, consider borrowing soil or spoil soil nearby as an independent allocation area.

Divide the blending area.

1。The scope of the allocation area should be coordinated with the plane position of the engineering building (structure), and consider the order of their commencement and the phased construction order of the project.

2. The size of the deployment area should meet the technical requirements of the leading machinery (scraper, excavator, etc.) of earthwork construction.

3. The scope of the allocation area should meet the coordination with the earthwork grid used for the calculation of earthwork quantities, and a deployment area can usually be composed of several squares.

4. When the earthwork distance is large or the earthwork within the site is unbalanced, according to the nearby terrain, consider the nearest soil or the nearest spoil, then a soil area or spoil area can be used as an independent deployment area.

Summary. Hello, it's a pleasure to answer for you. 1.

The principle of proximity is aimed at reducing the volume of transportation. In the specific operation, it is necessary to consider the removal of excavation and filling in advance, first carry out horizontal balance, and then deploy longitudinally. 2.

Do not cross the ditch transportation, to consider whether the position of the bridge and culvert has an impact on the construction, usually the ditch is not across the transport. 3.High to low transportation, in the construction to avoid uphill soil transport as much as possible, in the slope back curve section, to give priority to the vertical transfer of earthwork from top to bottom.

4.Economic rationality, before construction, it is necessary to compare the method of moving excavation and filling and the cost of borrowing soil, comprehensively considering the transportation cost, loading and unloading cost and excavation cost, as well as the land occupation and seedling compensation fee, etc., so as to analyze whether the soil is cost-effective for transportation or loan. Hope mine is helpful to you!

Hello, it's a pleasure to answer for you. 1.The principle of proximity is aimed at reducing the volume of transportation.

In the specific operation, it is necessary to consider the removal and excavation in advance, first carry out horizontal balance, and then deploy longitudinally. 2.Do not cross the ditch transportation, to consider whether the position of the bridge and culvert has an impact on the construction, usually the ditch is not across the transport.

3.High to low transportation, in the construction to avoid uphill soil transport as much as possible, in the slope back curve section, to give priority to the vertical transfer of earthwork from top to bottom. 4.

Economic rationality, before construction, to compare the method of moving excavation and filling and the cost of borrowing soil, comprehensively consider the transportation costs, loading and unloading costs and excavation costs, as well as land occupation and seedling compensation fees, etc., so as to analyze whether the land used in the brigade is cost-effective to transfer or borrow the soil. Hope mine is helpful to you!

It's the principle of preparation, not the principle of the deployment plan.

Follow the principle of referring to the "Bidding Documents". In strict accordance with the content, sequence and safety, construction period, quality and other requirements specified in the bidding documents, so that the requirements of the construction unit can be effectively guaranteed. Obey the principle of ecology and environmental protection to lead travel.

The on-site layout is reasonable, saving land, reducing interference, and avoiding environmental pollution; Fully consider the long-term interests of the local people, actively use the existing conditions, reasonably arrange temporary engineering facilities, occupy less forest land, maintain ecological balance, reduce the generation of solid waste, and meet environmental protection requirements. Follow the "Safety First."

1. Prevention first". Strict construction safety operation procedures, strengthen security protection, and formulate practical preventive measures from the aspects of management system, construction plan, resource allocation, etc., to ensure the safety of banquet staffing. Follow the principles of the standard implementation mechanism.

The IS09000 quality assurance system, ISO14000 environmental protection system and occupational health and safety management system have been effectively operated from beginning to end in this project. Follow the principle of professional team construction and comprehensive management. When organizing the construction, the professional team is the basic unit, equipped with the necessary construction machinery and equipment, and at the same time, the comprehensive management means are adopted and the reasonable deployment is adopted to achieve the purpose of overall optimization.

The basic principles of earthwork deployment should be: (1) The total transportation cost of earthwork should be minimized. (2) The zonal allocation should be coordinated with the full-site allocation.

Avoid only focusing on local balance, arbitrarily digging and filling and destroying the global balance. (3) It is convenient for machine deployment and mechanical construction. The construction of earthwork should choose the appropriate deployment direction and transportation route, and there is no convection and turbulence in earthwork transportation, so that the effect of earthmoving machinery and transport vehicles can be fully exerted.

4) The division of the allocation area should be combined with the construction of large underground buildings as much as possible to avoid repeated excavation of earthwork. (5) Consider the principle of combining recent construction with later utilization. When the project is constructed in batches, the earthwork balance of the early project should be combined with the needs of the later project and consider the utilization quantity and stacking location, so as to facilitate the nearby allocation.

The stacking position should create conditions for the later project as much as possible, and strive to avoid repeated excavation and transportation. When there is an earthwork arrears in the early works, they can also be excavated from the later project sites.

What are the original ingenious schools of earthwork blending? （）

a.The excavation and filling are basically balanced, and the total transportation volume is minimal.

b.A combination of near-term and long-term construction.

c.Coordination of zonal and full-site provisioning.

d.As much as possible, it can be combined with the construction of large basement structures to avoid repeated excavation and transportation of earthworks.

Correct answer: Cut and fill are basically balanced, and the total transportation volume is minimal; A combination of near-term and long-term construction. Coordination of zonal and full-site provisioning. As much as possible, it is combined with the construction of large basement junctions and section structures to avoid repeated excavation and transportation of earthwork.