What is the official language of all Chinese dynasties except the Qing Dynasty and Pseudo China?

Classical Chinese was the official script and language of the pre-Qin period, but it gradually became a dedicated written language, and gradually became disconnected from the vernacular. Literati and peddlers usually speak colloquially, that is, in the vernacular.

But in official places, bureaucrats speak in official language.

Most of the official dialects of various Chinese dynasties used the pronunciation of the Central Plains as the standard pronunciation, and used some standardized sentences similar to the literary dialect. For example, the official dialect of the Ming Dynasty is similar to the language used in the Yamen court recorded in "Water Margin" and "Golden Vase Plum".

As today it is called "official", it refers to those who use the "literary language" of official documents and use half-literate and half-plain language for daily communication. It's very disgusting.

Classical Chinese has parted ways with vernacular since the pre-Qin period, and in the Wei and Jin dynasties, Middle Chinese was produced, and there was a complete decoupling between classical Chinese and spoken Chinese. After the Song Dynasty, it was the era of modern Chinese, which was almost the same as the modern vernacular. The official dialect of the Song Dynasty was the official dialect of the Central Plains, even if the capital was later moved to Hangzhou, so the modern Hangzhou dialect has the characteristics of both Wu and Central Plains official dialect (Henan dialect).

In the Yuan Dynasty, the pronunciation in the official dialects of northern Chinese disappeared, and the flat tones were divided into Yin Ping and Yang Ping, and the traditional Ping Shang and Four Tones became Yin and Yang, but some of the official dialects in the south still retained the sound. To the Ming Dynasty, the official dialect adopted the Jianghuai official dialect (Nanjing dialect), and the Nanjing dialect at that time still retained the sound, attacked in the early Qing Dynasty, and changed to the Beijing official dialect at the end of the Qing Dynasty, which has been used to this day.

Officials are used when they speak.

In fact, in ancient times, it was also spoken in the vernacular, but it was not regarded as a written language.

Most of them are spoken in the vernacular.

No, the popularization of Mandarin only began in 1955.

The definition of "Mandarin" has been unclear in the decades before liberation, and there are also differing views. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, during the "National Conference on Character Reform" and the "Academic Conference on the Standardization of Modern Chinese" held in October 1955, the official name of the common language of the Han nationality was officially set as "Putonghua", and at the same time its definition was determined, that is, "Beijing pronunciation is the standard pronunciation, and Beijing dialect is the basic dialect". On October 26, 1955, "People**" published an editorial entitled "Efforts to Promote the Reform of Chinese Characters, Promote Putonghua, and Realize the Standardization of the Chinese Language".

The common language of the Han nationality is the Mandarin language with Beijing dialect as the basic dialect and Beijing pronunciation as the standard pronunciation. On February 6, 1956, *** issued a directive on the promotion of Putonghua, adding the definition of Putonghua to "the common language of the modern Han nationality with Beijing pronunciation as the standard sound, Beijing dialect as the basic dialect, and exemplary modern vernacular writings as the grammatical norms." This definition clearly stipulates the standard of Putonghua from three aspects: phonetics, vocabulary and grammar, making the definition of Putonghua more scientific and thorough.

Among them, the meaning of the word "Putonghua" is "universal" and "common".

Article 19 of the Constitution of the People's Republic of China stipulates that "the State shall promote the use of Putonghua throughout the country". The use of the spoken and written language of the country is a right (but not an obligation) that every citizen should fulfill.

China is a multi-ethnic and multi-dialect country, and popularizing Putonghua is conducive to enhancing exchanges and contacts among various ethnic groups in China and enhancing the cohesion of the Chinese nation.

Chinese mainland began to promote Mandarin in the 50s and made great achievements. Now, China has basically achieved the goal of popularizing Mandarin in urban areas, and it has been fully realized in the eastern region. After 02 years, the push continues to increase.

In 1994, the state also proposed the Putonghua Proficiency Test, which requires the testing and evaluation of the standard level of Putonghua. In this year, the State Language Commission, the former State Education Commission and the former Ministry of Radio, Film and Television jointly issued the Decision on Carrying out Putonghua Proficiency Tests and promulgated the Putonghua Proficiency Test Grading Standards (Trial). In 1998, the State Language Commission reviewed the Putonghua proficiency test standards again and officially promulgated them as ministerial standards, and also formulated the Putonghua Proficiency Test Syllabus.

On October 31, 2000, the National People's Congress deliberated and passed the Law on the Standard Spoken and Written Language of the State, Article 19 of which clearly stipulates that "the Putonghua proficiency of announcers, program hosts, film and television drama actors, teachers, and staff of state organs who use Putonghua as their working language shall respectively meet the grading standards prescribed by the State; For those who have not yet reached the Putonghua level standards stipulated by the state, training will be conducted on a case-by-case basis. ”

Summary. The Qing Dynasty used ancient Chinese, and the spoken language was mostly dialects, such as Jing** and so on. His written language style advocates ancient classical culture, and his writing is standardized and rigorous.

The Qing Dynasty used ancient Chinese, and the spoken language was mostly dialects, such as Jing** and so on. His written language style advocates ancient classical culture, and his writing is standardized and rigorous.

Can you elaborate on that a little bit more?

The Qing Dynasty was a dynasty in Chinese history that spoke the same language as Chinese. However, during that period, there were still great differences in the regions where Chinese was prevalent. At that time, it was basically the official language of the north based on the official dialect of Beijing.

At the same time, there are also many dialects and local languages in use, which are important tools for local residents to communicate. Compared with Tuanchun's modern Chinese, the pronunciation, grammar, and vocabulary of the Qing Dynasty dialect are very different. Due to the strong influence of the Qing Dynasty at the beginning, the Qing Dynasty dialect influenced the development of modern Chinese to a certain extent, but the development of modern Chinese was also influenced by many other factors.