What are the pros and cons of China s cheap labor in China s economic development?

Development of labor-intensive industries through cheap labor.

It is an insurmountable stage of China's economic development. China's rural surplus labor force is large and of low quality, while capital, technology, and other factors are relatively scarce, and not only can it not produce benefits to society, but on the contrary, it participates in the distribution of social benefits, and this is the fundamental reason for the low agricultural labor productivity and the difficulty in increasing peasant incomes. The development of labor-intensive industries through cheap labor is conducive to the primitive accumulation of capital.

International experience shows that the industrial structure of countries and regions with large populations and scarce land and capital.

It must go through the process of evolution from resource- and labor-intensive to capital- and technology-intensive. Japan, South Korea, Singapore, Thailand, Taiwan, Hong Kong and other countries and regions all relied on cheap labor industries to start and rise in the early stage of industrialization. We should take advantage of this to absorb capital, introduce technology, and exchange it for other resources, develop labor-intensive industries, and find a way out for the large number of surplus rural laborers.

However, there is a serious drawback to this extensive approach to development: it is not the same as that of developed countries.

Compared with China's tertiary industry.

Development is very inadequate, and it is the largest gap with developed countries. The heavy chemical industry is relatively weak, and cheap labor takes up too many resources, which makes the trend of "heavy industrialization" significantly slowed down. It is difficult for small and medium-sized enterprises and private enterprises to obtain financing.

According to the survey, as many as 56% of SMEs are denied loans because they cannot secure guarantees or mortgages. Due to the contraction of normal financing channels, abnormal financing has expanded rapidly, which has further increased the financing cost of small and medium-sized enterprises, and the financing difficulties have been further aggravated. The socialized service system is not perfect, and judging from the policy environment, the state has introduced some supportive policies to encourage the laid-off and unemployed to find new jobs.

However, the support of these policies is limited to the laid-off personnel of state-owned enterprises and the types of enterprises.

It is also mainly limited to some traditional service-oriented enterprises, and does not have a strong incentive effect on most enterprises to use more labor. Exports will encounter greater resistance, and in addition to setting up technical barriers and implementing anti-dumping measures to restrict the export of China's labor-intensive products, it will have an impact on China's labor-intensive industries.

Pros: Low labor costs. Disadvantages: The family planning policy has begun to show results, the society has an aging trend, the number of young workers has decreased, the labor force is no longer cheap, and the following market cannot be transformed.

Pro: It is conducive to investment and enterprise reproduction! Disadvantages: The consumption level is not up, domestic demand is insufficient, and at the same time it is not conducive to common prosperity!

According to the economic supply and demand relationship, from the perspective of direct impact, the reduction of labor force will cause a decrease in labor supply, and if it is insufficient, the labor force will increase, which will increase the cost of employment of economic entities. Even when the supply of labor is insufficient, it leads to insufficient labor and affects the normal production and operation of the enterprise. There is a broad and narrow sense of the labor force.

In a broad sense, the labor force refers to the entire population. In a narrow sense, labor force refers to the population that has the ability to work.

Extended Information:1There is a broad and narrow sense of the labor force.

In a broad sense, the labor force refers to the entire population. In a narrow sense, labor force refers to the population that has the ability to work. In actual statistics, the indicators that take into account the two factors of working age and working capacity are the working-age population and the total number of social labor resources.

2.In the traditional or early conception, labor force refers to "labor" who is mainly engaged in manual labor, that is, "working class" or industrial workers. Marx's theory divides labor force into workers in the productive sector and workers in the unproductive sector.

In the era of knowledge economy, the difference between mental power and manual labor is no longer reflected in the essential characteristics of labor. The term "employee" is widely used by businesses and organizations.

3.There is a difference between labor power and labor, which is the actual use of human productive forces to change the use value of commodities and increase the value of commodities.

4.Labor power, the labor ability of people, the sum of mental and physical strength contained in the human body. The process of material means of production is the process in which labor forces act on the means of production.

Without labour-power, it is impossible to create anything by the means of production itself; However, in the process of material material production, labor force plays a role, and in addition to having certain production experience and labor skills or cultural and scientific knowledge, it must also have a certain amount of means of production, otherwise, the production process of material materials cannot be carried out.

5.In the production process, workers use their own labor force and production tools to act on the objects of labor, which can not only create material wealth, but also continuously improve their labor skills. In different societies, the use of labor is different due to the different ways in which the means of production and labor are combined.

In a capitalist society, the capitalist owns the means of production and takes possession of labor power through the purchase of commodities, prompting the laborer to enter the production process and combine with the means of production to create surplus value; Under the socialist market economy, the combination of labor and means of production in the production process is different from that of capitalist society.

Labor productivity is increased by higher technology, and more machines replace human labor. Reducing the amount of labor needed by the company comes from a reduction in the cost of delivering wages, which reduces the value of labor in society as a whole. In the context of the increase in labor productivity, the value of the product is decreasing, and the value of labor (laborer) is also decreasing, all of which is due to the greater quantity of product that can be contained in a smaller amount of value under the increase in productivity.

Marx. "To reduce the value of labour-power, it is necessary to increase the productivity of those branches of industry, whose products determine the value of labour-power, that is, which provide either commodities necessary for the maintenance of the worker, or imitations of the land-produced means of these commodities." An increase in productivity reduces the value of all these commodities and at the same time reduces the value of labor.

Extended Materials: 1. The value of labor is determined by the value of the necessities of life necessary for the production, development, maintenance and continuation of labor. It is determined by the amount of labor time necessary to produce and reproduce the labor force.

The process of labor production and reproduction is not only the process of labor recovery, but also the process of the formation of new labor force, so the value of labor force includes:

1) The value of the means of subsistence necessary for the maintenance of the worker's own normal living conditions;

2) The value of the means of subsistence necessary to maintain the dependents and children of the workers, i.e. the successors of the labor force;

3) The cost of education and training of the workforce. The determination of the value of labor also includes historical and moral elements.

2. Definition: Like any commodity, labor commodities also have value and use value.

However, labor is a special commodity, and its value and use value have characteristics that are different from ordinary commodities. The value of labor is determined by the value of the necessities of life that are necessary for the production, development, maintenance and continuation of labor. The use value of labor is labor, in capitalism.

Under the conditions, the capitalist buys the labor power of the hired workers instead of the labor.

3. Characteristics: The value of labor is composed of three parts:

The value of the means of subsistence necessary for the survival of the laborer.

The value of the means of subsistence necessary for the survival of the worker's family.

The cost of education and training for workers.

Because the cost of production in developed and developing countries is different, especially in terms of manpower, the wages of an American worker may be more than ten times that of an Indian worker, so the cost of producing goods that they are also envious of is one high and one low. Suppose that the products produced in India are exported to the United States, even if the freight duties are included, they are cheaper than those produced in the United States, and when the American worker goes to buy Indian products at ten times the salary, he will feel that it is cheap. The developed countries hope that the developing countries will maintain a certain backwardness, and if the developing countries become developed, the gap between cheap labor and wages will be narrowed or even eliminated, and then they will not be able to buy cheap goods.

Of course, we should not be too backward and too chaotic, because if the developing countries are caught in war and stop production, it will not be beneficial to the developed countries.

1. Cheap labor refers to the minimum wage and the average wage.

2. Statistics show that at present, in large inland cities such as Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou, the minimum wage standard is generally only 35%-42% of the local average monthly wage, which is significantly lower than the international standard: 40% to 60%.

3. Distribution rate: the proportion of total wages of workers in GDP. The higher the proportion of total remuneration of workers in GDP, the greater the share of workers' wage income in the primary distribution of national income, and the more equal and fair the social distribution.

In countries with mature market economies, the distribution rate is generally between 54% and 65%, and in 2000, the distribution rate in the United States was in Germany and the United Kingdom. However, the proportion of total wages in GDP has been low, with a national average of 30-38%, and 38-45% of the benefits of 30% of wages.

Let's talk about my shallow opinion:

Because value is determined by socially necessary labor time, and the increase in social productivity will reduce your labor time, so the value of labor will decrease.

Of course, this is not very rigorous, just a simple statement for UUs who don't want to go deeper.

The social labor productivity is too high, resulting in the overproduction of labor products, that is, commodities, and overproduction of commodities, according to the laws of the market, the ** of commodities will be reduced, that is, the ** of commodities is lower than the value, so the trend of commodities ** determines the value of labor force!

What does LA labor mean? Man or machine, both. Mechanization, information productivity is definitely higher than the people themselves, the friend upstairs said that the bottleneck of production and marketing is very reasonable, if the supply exceeds demand, then the value of our own labor has been reduced.

As a commodity, labor force must also conform to the law of commodities, but one thing will not change, that is, human creativity, which is the fundamental driving force of social development and the motor of progress.

When social productivity increases, commodities will decline, and the value of each commodity produced by relative labor will decrease, but the quantity of commodities produced by labor force will increase in a certain period of time, so this statement is one-sided.

Students, you have to know that scarcity is expensive, thank you! If you can only make one piece a month and you can make 100 pieces a day, do you think that one is more expensive? Since it's not expensive, the value will soon be low?

The improvement of social labor productivity is directly related to the scale of social means of production and social productive forces and the overall quality of laborers. If the relationship between these three can be handled completely, it will have a huge social effect. Therefore, the increase of social labor productivity fully reflects the development achievements of today's society, and then the social means of production and social productivity are expanding to the extreme, which provides a good social opportunity to increase the value of labor force, and the increase of social labor productivity can only provide the value of labor force.