Past participle to express recognition in English

A past participle is a type of participle that usually contains a passive meaning. The past participle of a regular verb is generally formed by the verb plus -ed.

The rules for the formation of the past participle of a regular verb are the same as the rules for the formation of the past tense of a regular verb. The four-point rule of change:

1) The simple verb adds -ed (note, however, that the past participle is not in the past tense).

work - worked, visit - burn hands visited

2) Verbs ending in e plus -d.

live—lived,agree—agreed,ante—anted.

But the past participle of ante is written in the way of anteed.

3) Verbs ending in "consonant letter + y", will"y"becomes"i", plus -ed.

study—studied,cry—cried,try—tried,fry—fried,ensky—enskied,freeze-dry—freeze-dried.

But the past participle of ensky is written in the form of enskyed.

4) Stress the end of the closed syllable, with only one consonant letter at the end, first double write the consonant letter, and then add "-ed".

stop—stopped,drop—dropped.

Special case: There are two types of verbs that should be directly added with "ed", but due to historical habits, the last letter should still be double-written, and then -ed. Regular verbs ending with "vowel letter + l" unstressed should also be double-written "l" in the past participle", plus -ed.

For example, cancel cancelled, dial dialled.

In addition, there are some regular verbs that end in unstressed closed syllables, and the past participle is also double-written with the last consonant letter Pi Zhao, plus -ed. For example: kidnap kidnapped, worship worshipped.

In the United States, the above two cases are generally directly added to -ed.

5) Verbs ending in c, add -ked.

traffic—trafficked,arc—arcked.

This is mainly done to avoid the change of its prototype tail note k to an s after the change. According to the English spelling rules, c is pronounced s before the letters e, i, and y, and k is pronounced in all other cases. If you add "ed" directly, trafficed will be pronounced'tr f s d without reading'træfɪkt/。

However, the past participles of arc, talc, and zinc are also written as arced, talced, and zinced without k.

Exceptions: disc—disced, sync—synced

Past participle lists actions that have occurred in the past, generally followed by -ed. There is also a meaning that the table is passive! It can also be used as a predicate.