What equipment is used to observe and analyze the microscopic mechanisms of metal interfaces10

The observation of fractures is divided into macroscopic observation and microscopic observation, macroscopic observation will use magnifying glass, stereo microscope, microscopic observation will use optical microscope, transmission electron microscope and scanning electron microscope.

Fracture analysis and its microscopic mechanism.

The discipline that studies the fracture surface of metal is an integral part of the fracture discipline. A pair of mutually matched fracture surfaces and their appearance and morphology obtained after metal fracture are called fractures. The fracture always occurs in the weakest place of the metal structure, and many precious materials about the whole process of fracture are recorded, so the observation and study of fracture have always been valued when studying fracture.

Through the morphological analysis of fractures, some basic problems of fracture are studied, such as fracture cause, fracture nature, fracture mode, fracture mechanism, fracture toughness, stress state of fracture process and crack propagation rate. If it is necessary to study the influence of metallurgical factors and environmental factors on the fracture process in depth, it is usually necessary to analyze the micro-composition of the fracture surface, the main body analysis, the crystallographic analysis and the stress and strain analysis of the fracture.

With the development of fracture science, fracture analysis is more closely related to the research problems of fracture mechanics, and penetrates and cooperates with each other. New developments will be made in the experimental techniques of fracture analysis and the depth of analysis problems. Fracture analysis has become an important means of failure analysis of metal components.

Macroscopic and Microscopic Observation of Fractures The experimental basis of fracture analysis is the direct observation and analysis of the macroscopic morphology and microstructure characteristics of the fracture surface. Observations below 40x are usually referred to as macroscopic observations, and observations above 40x are called microscopic observations.

The instruments used for macroscopic observation of the fracture are mainly magnifying glasses (about 10x) and stereo microscopes (from 5 to 50x). In many cases, macroscopic observation can be used to determine the nature of the fracture, the location of the initiation, and the path of crack propagation. However, if we want to conduct a detailed study near the starting point of the fracture and analyze the cause and mechanism of the fracture, it is also necessary to make a microscopic observation.

The microscopic observation of the fracture went through three stages: optical microscopy (the practical multiple for observing the fracture is between 50 and 500 times), transmission electron microscopy (the practical multiple for observing the fracture is between 1000 and 40000 times) and scanning electron microscope (the practical multiple for observing the fracture is between 20 and 10000 times). Because the fracture is an uneven, rough surface, the microscope used to observe the fracture should have the maximum depth of focus, the widest possible magnification range, and the highest resolution. Scanning electron microscopy can best meet the above comprehensive requirements, so in recent years, most of the fracture observation has been carried out with scanning electron microscope.

Absolutely. For example, gallium has a melting point of no more than 32 degrees. The temperature of the magnifying glass is at least 180 degrees, the tin is about 220 degrees, and the fuse is not allowed to melt at 100 degrees.

Yes, in a vacuum, it can be melted, such as sodium and potassium.

How powerful is a magnifying glass? It can melt stones.

With the continuous development of science and technology, more and more fields, such as materials science, medicine, geology, and bioengineering, need to accurately understand the microscopic morphology and microstructure of various materials. These materials may include metal or ceramic materials designed and manufactured for a specific purpose, natural extracts, products of chemical reactions, or materials that have been surface-treated or grounded. The mechanical and chemical physical properties of these materials are often closely related to their microscopic morphology and structure.

It is of great significance to apply electron microscopy to study its surface structure, shape, three-dimensional size and dispersion state, as well as to measure certain data. However, for the ultrafine particles of these materials, due to their large surface Gibbs free energy, there is a strong tendency of spontaneous agglomeration between the particles, which is easy to form agglomeration, which seriously affects the observation and measurement of microparticles.

Therefore, an important step in the study of particles using electron microscopy is to prepare a sample with no particle accumulation, a certain density, and a clear image. In this paper, some methods for preparing SEM powder samples are discussed. The preparation of particles into SEM samples generally requires three steps: dispersion, laying, and coating of conductive film.

It is generally believed that the basis for particle dispersion is to increase the electrical properties of the particle surface, enhance the hydrophilicity of the particle surface, and form a steric hindrance effect on the particle surface. Dispersion mediumIn the dispersion system, the nature of the dispersion medium is very important. Obviously, the dispersion medium must not react chemically with particulate matter; The dispersion medium should be colorless and transparent, and can well wet the measured particles; The vapor volatilized by the dispersed medium has no corrosive effect on the instrument and should not be harmful to the human body.

Surface analysis of metal materials is a physical test of materials that analyzes the composition, structure and energy state of a thin layer with only a few atomic layers thick on the surface or interface. It is also a technology that uses precision instrument analysis methods to reveal the surface morphology, composition, structure or state of materials and their products.

Test items

SEM Fracture Observation + Micro-Contamination EDS Analysis:

Observe the surface micromorphology of solid materials such as metals, plastics, ceramics, etc., and measure the microscopic size. Analyze solid surface micro-areas.

The types of elements contained, the relative content of each element and the distribution of the content of each element in a specific area.

Surface Composition + Depth GD-OES Analysis:

It is possible to perform both matrix composition analysis, such as cemented carbide materials, and surface composition-depth analysis, such as PVD films

Surface process analysis of electroplating, heat treatment hardening layer, coating layer, anodizing film and chemical film.

Process quality defect analysis.

sem/eds

Function: Micromorphology observation, micro-size measurement, micro-component analysis.

Magnification: 5x 300,000x.

Detector resolution: 133ev

Analyzable element range: be(4) u(92).

Glow Discharge Spectrometer (GD-OES).

Function: Substrate composition testing, surface composition-depth profiling.

Features: The distribution curve of the surface composition of the product with depth can be obtained.

Depth range: 10nm 150 m

Ingredient range: 10ppm 100%.

1. Equipment asset and technical management: establish an equipment information database to realize the selection, procurement, installation and testing, and consolidation of equipment in the early stage;

2. Preventive maintenance: regular maintenance and maintenance based on reliability technology, decomposition of maintenance plans, and automatic generation of preventive maintenance work orders.

3. Maintenance plan and scheduling: according to the equipment operation records and maintenance personnel work records in the schedule, prepare the overall maintenance and maintenance task schedule;

4. Spare parts and spare parts management: establish spare parts ledger and prepare spare parts plan;

5. Defect analysis: establish an equipment failure system, and record the occurrence of each failure for failure analysis.

6. Statistical report: query and statistics of all kinds of information, including equipment three rate report, equipment maintenance cost report, equipment status report, equipment history report, spare parts inventory turnover rate, business analysis report, etc.

No way. The evolution of the microstructure during metal deformation is beyond the simulation and analysis capabilities of finite element software.

abaqus is a powerful finite element software for engineering simulations that solves problems ranging from relatively simple linear analyses to many complex nonlinear problems. For example, the analysis of the mechanical deformation of the shell; Member deformation analysis; Structural force analysis, etc.

Although its powerful database contains many force analysis modules for common alloy steel materials, non-metallic materials, composite materials, etc., in the final analysis, what the finite element analysis software can do is those "elements" set by the analysis model; Those finite meta. These "elements", which are divided by the spatial mathematical model, are small units, which can be relative to displacement and deformation. The gradient distribution of the stress field can be vividly depicted.

What Abaqus fails to do, however, is a portrayal of the intrinsic nature of each unit of analysis. The abstraction of mathematics is inherent in the software. In other words, the real changes in the force of "tissue composition, phase composition, and various defects" in the mathematical analysis unit are "obscured" by mathematics.

For another example, abaqus can very vividly depict the force and plastic transformation process in the cold rolling process of silicon steel sheet. However, it cannot depict the formation state of Gaussian texture.

Therefore, Abaqus is not able to analyze the microstructure evolution during metal deformation.