How did Nurhachi get there?

Han and Manchu influenced each other and contributed to the rise of Manchuria.

The success story of the Manchus began with Nurhachi (1559-1626). Nurhachi was a man of great courage, and his ancestors served the Ming Dynasty. The Ming Dynasty took power from the Mongols, who originated in the north and fled back to the north, so the Ming Dynasty has always been concerned about its northern borders.

Over time, the Ming Dynasty's policy of maintaining a large border force in the border areas made the people guarding the frontier mix with the local population, the Manchus. Those Han Chinese who had adopted Manchu customs and even used Manchu names lost their Han Chinese character. Even though the majority of the Han Chinese, who coexisted with the Manchus, resisted being assimilated by the Manchus, their presence in the border areas and their industrial and commercial activities in Manchuria made the Manchus richer and more powerful.

The Han Chinese and the Manchus influenced each other, and the Han way of life, combined with the bravery of the Manchus, contributed to the rise of the Manchus.

The rulers of the Ming Dynasty closely followed this worrying development on the border. In order to prevent any one Manchu tribe from gaining hegemony over the others, the Ming Dynasty deliberately provoked competition and conflict between different Manchu tribes. It relied on a range of means, including direct military intervention and the granting of Ming titles to various tribal leaders.

On one occasion, during the intervention, Ming troops killed Nurhachi's father and grandfather, perhaps by mistake. But the young general vowed revenge, he struck at the tribal leaders who had helped the Han Chinese militarily, mobilized his clan and tribe, conquered and absorbed other tribes in his region, and in 1586 killed another tribal leader who was his enemy. This was his first step in establishing hegemony.

Over the next 20 years, he took control of Manchuria, unified the tribes, and became the undisputed Manchu chieftain.

If it weren't for the Taiping Rebellion, it would have been too early for him to succeed.

In the 38th year of Jiajing of Ming Shizong (1559), Nurhachi was born in Hetuala, the city of Hetuala, the left guard of Jianzhou (now Xinbin Manchu Autonomous County, Fushun City, Liaoning Province). His grandfather Jue Chang'an, his father Takshi was the commander of the Jianzhou Left Guard, and his mother was Empress Xuan.

When he was young, he was in business, fluent in Chinese, and had assumed the surname Tong (the Han people surnamed Tong in the Ming Dynasty were the Liaodong Wang clan, and many Jurchens of the Tong Jia clan assumed the surname Tong and claimed to be Han people with the surname Tong, because Nurhachi had joined the Tong Jia clan, and his father-in-law Tamu Bayan also claimed to have the surname Tong, so Nurhachi also claimed to have the surname Tong with his father-in-law to elevate his identity).

In the Jurchen region at that time, Li Chengliang, the commander-in-chief of Liaodong, was the most powerful military force. He exploited the contradictions between the Jurchen tribes and with other ethnic tribes in order to control the situation. Wang Gao, the commander of the right guard of the Ming Dynasty (some people believe that Wang Gao is Nurhachi's maternal grandfather Agududu), was oppressed by the Ming Dynasty in the second year of Wanli (1574), raised an army against the Ming, and was defeated and killed.

Wang Gao's son, Atai, was able to escape and return to Gule City (now Gulou Village, Shangjiahe Town, Xinbin). Atai's wife is Kyaw Chang'an's granddaughter and Takshi's niece. In the eleventh year of Wanli (1583), Li Chengliang attacked Gule Village.

Jue Chang'an and Takshi went to the city to visit, but they were surrounded in the village because of the war. Under the command of Li Chengliang, the lord of Tulun City (now Xinbin Tangtu Township) in the Jurchen Sukesuhu River Department of Jianzhou, Nikan Wailan, lured Atai to open the city, and after breaking through the Gule Village, he slaughtered the city, and Juechang'an and Takshi were not spared. Nurhachi and his younger brother Shulhaqi were in the midst of the defeated army, and because of their extraordinary appearance, they were let go by Li Chengliang's wife.

On the way back, Nurhachi was embraced by Eyidu and others, and he was equipped with thirteen pairs of armor. After he returned to Jianzhou, he sent people to ask why the Ming Dynasty killed his grandfather and father. The Ming Dynasty returned the remains of Nurhachizu and his father, and gave him "thirty edicts, thirty horses, the dragon and tiger generals, and the edict to the governor".

Nurhachi started by serving as a leader in the Ming Dynasty, but later betrayed the Ming Dynasty and eventually overthrew the Ming Dynasty.

Mainly relies on being able to fight, and compared to other tribal leaders, he who has read books, can be regarded as brave and strategic.

His thirteen pairs of armor are less than 100 troops, so he dares to fight against other big tribes, mainly because of his good combat effectiveness and fierce strength. It is said that he was physically strong and had outstanding archery skills, and once led the charge when he was ambushed, breaking 800 with 80 men. When his general Yidu attacked the enemy city, he was wounded in more than 50 places and still fought bravely.

Those who can unify the tribes are all fierce people. The nomadic fishing and hunting people are not like the Central Plains, basically whoever has the big fist is justified.

Aixinjue Luo Nurhachi was deeply influenced by Han culture when he was a child, and served as a junior officer in the Ming Dynasty. In 1582, Takshi and his grandfather Kyaw Chang An were killed by Nikan Wailan. For Baolan (at that time, there was a shortage of equipment and only thirteen pairs of armor), and the great cause of unifying the Jurchens was officially begun.

In 1587, he conquered the city of Foara and proclaimed himself Khan. According to Manchurian records, in 1599 Nurhachi adopted the Mongolian script and added letters to the Manchu language. In 1603, the capital was moved to Hetuala.

In 1616, in the forty-fourth year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty, Nurhachi was called "the wise Khan of the overlying countries" in Hetuala, and the country name was "Dajin" (known as Houjin in history), becoming the Great Khan of Houjin. In 1618, in the forty-sixth year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty, the "Seven Hatreds" were promulgated and the army was raised against the Ming.

Nurhachi's father originally had some ability, plus the wife he married was also very good, and then she herself was a brave and warlike person.

Nurhachi started by relying on his own efforts to integrate the tribes of the time.

Later, Hachi fought by fighting, and from the edge of his tribe began to conquer the Song Dynasty and other small countries, growing little by little, and unified from generation to generation.

1. In the forty-fourth year of Wanli (1616), Nurhachi raised troops in Hetuala (now in Xinbin County, Liaoning Province) and called Khan, established Houjin, divided Liaodong, and established the Mandate of Heaven.

2. The life of Nurhachi.

In the sixteenth year of Wanli (1588), Nurhachi conquered the city of Wanyan (Wangjia) and eliminated the last opponent of the Jianzhou Jurchens, Wanyan. After five years of campaigning, Nurhachi conquered five states one after another. Touring plexus fissures.

With the gradual expansion of his power, Nurhachi's name gradually developed from "Wise Belle" to "The Lord of the Female Zhiguo Jianzhou Guard", then "Jianzhou and Other Local Kings", and then to the Khalkha Mongol Honorific "Kundulun Khan".

The Ming Dynasty was completely ignorant of Nurhachi's ambitions, and even in 1615, a year before Nurhachi established the Houjin State, the governor of Jiliao also told the imperial court that he was "obedient".

In the forty-fourth year of Wanli (1616), Nurhachi raised troops in Hetuala, called "the wise Khan of the overlying countries", and the country name was "Dajin" (known as Houjin in history), becoming the Great Khan of Houjin, and the year name was Mandate of Heaven. At this time, Nurhachi had already conquered most of the Jurchen tribes.

After that, Nurhachi outwitted Kaiyuan and Tieling, so that the Ming Dynasty lost the shield of Jinxi after the imperial defense in the Liaodong region. After several major wars, the Ming Dynasty's military strength in Liaodong was devastated, and the Yehe Department was isolated. In August of the same year, Nurhachi led a large army to besiege the two cities in the east and west of the Yehe tribe, conquered it in one fell swoop, killed the Yehe leaders Jintaishi and Buyangu, and eliminated the Yehe tribe.

In March of the tenth year of the Mandate of Heaven (1625), Nurhachi moved the capital to Shenyang. During his reign in Liaodong, Zheng Xun carried out bloody killings in many battles.

In January of the 11th year of the Mandate of Heaven (1626), Nurhachi launched the Battle of Ningyuan, and the Ming Dynasty defender Yuan Chonghuan defeated him with a Portuguese-made Hongyi cannon and retreated to Shengjing (Shenyang). In April of the same year, Nurhachi personally led a large army to conquer the Mongolian Khalkha, "entering the Xila wooden wheel and obtaining its livestock".

In the middle of July of the 11th year of the Mandate of Heaven (1626), Nurha was naked and suffered from poison gangrene and died of illness in Longenmen Jibao (now Dabei Jinbao Village, Zhai Township, Yuhong District, Shenyang City), at the age of 68.