Atherosclerotic lesions are mainly affected

Pick B. Atherosclerosis mainly affects large and medium arteries, and the answer is correct.

First of all, it is impossible to choose C and D for arteriosclerosis, and secondly, arteriosclerosis is not called "atheroic".

The basic lesions are divided into three stages. Striatic stage: Naked eye spots or streaks with the size of a yellow cap needle on the intimal surface of the artery; Light microscope: A large number of foam cells accumulate at the lesion; Fibrous plaque phase:

Naked eye: The inner membrane surface is scattered with grayish-white irregularly shaped raised plaques; The surface layer of the light mirror is a fibrous cap, and the foam cells are seen below; Lipid pools and granulation tissues can be seen in the late stage; Atherosa stage: grayish-yellow plaques on the naked eye on the inner membrane surface, with yellow atherous on the underside of the fibrous cap; Light microscope There are pink-stained amorphous substances, cholesterol crystals and calcifications in the deep part of the fibrous cap, and granulation tissue can be seen at the bottom and periphery; The atheroma is thinned, and new capillaries and connective tissue proliferation can be seen in the adventitia.

The age of arteriosclerosis obliterans of the lower extremities is the primary risk agent of PDA, and its incidence increases with age. According to a survey published by the TASC, the incidence of arteriosclerosis occlusive disease of the lower extremities is 0.3 percent per year in men aged 40 to 50 years, and the incidence of arteriosclerosis occlusive disease of the lower extremities in people over 75 years of age increases by 1 percent [31]. The results of a population census in Australia showed that the incidence of arteriosclerosis occlusive disease of the lower extremities in men aged 65 to 69 years was 10 6%, while the incidence of arteriosclerosis occlusive disease of the lower extremities was as high as 23 3% in men aged 75-79 years'"A population census by the Framingham Cardiovascular Research Center showed that 20% of symptomatic PDAs of arteriosclerosis occlusive disease of the lower extremities had diabetes, and compared with non-diabetic people, they had a higher prevalence of arteriosclerosis occlusive disease of the lower extremities, a young age of the disease, and a rapid progression of the disease. Smoking is extremely harmful to peripheral blood vessels, twice as much as heart and cerebrovascular vessels.

A survey in the United States found that 80% of patients with PDA with arteriosclerosis obliterans of the lower extremities smoked, and quitting smoking can improve clinical symptoms and delay the progression of the disease. Hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obesity, etc. are also the most important causes of PDA in arteriosclerosis occlusion of lower limbs.

Symptoms of atherosclerosis depend primarily on vascular disease and the degree of ischemia of the affected organs. Aortic atherosclerosis is often asymptomatic without specific symptoms; In patients with coronary atherosclerosis, if the diameter of the tube is stenosis of more than 75%, angina, myocardial infarction, arrhythmia, and even sudden death can occur; Cerebral atherosclerosis can cause cerebral ischemia, cerebral atrophy, or rupture and hemorrhage of cerebral blood vessels; Renal atherosclerosis often causes nocturia, refractory hypertension, and in severe cases, renal insufficiency; Mesenteric atherosclerosis can be manifested as abdominal pain, indigestion, constipation, etc., and in severe cases, intestinal wall necrosis can cause symptoms such as blood in the stool and paralytic intestinal obstruction; Patients with severe narrowing of the lumen of the blood vessel caused by atherosclerosis of the lower extremities may have intermittent claudication, loss of dorsalis pedis artery pulse, and even gangrene may occur in severe cases.

Answer]: C Atherosclerosis mainly affects the large and middle arteries, and the basic lesions are the accumulation of lipid collapse of the arterial intima and the accumulation of sedimentary mass, intimal focal fibrosis, and the formation of atheromatous plaques, which cause the wall of the tube to become stiff and the lumen to narrow, and cause a series of secondary lesions, especially in the heart, brain, kidney and other organs, which can cause ischemic changes.

Answer]: The process of the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis can be roughly divided into the following four stages: Striae is the early change of atherosclerosis.

To the naked eye, the surface of the arterial intima appears yellow markings 1 2 mm wide and of varying lengths, flat or slightly raised. Microscopically, lipid streaks are formed by the accumulation of a large number of foam cells containing lipoproteins in the cytoplasm under the arterial intima. As the lesion continues to develop, fibrous plaques gradually form.

To the naked eye, the inner membrane surface is scattered with irregularly raised fibrous plaques that appear yellow in the early stage. As the fibrous tissue grows and becomes vitreous, the plaque becomes porcelain-white. Microscopically, the surface layer of the lesion is a fibrous cap formed by a large number of collagen fibers, smooth muscle cells, a few elastic fibers and proteoglycans, and the collagen nuclei hail fibers can undergo vitreous transformation.

The lesion further develops into atheromatous plaques, visible to the naked eye, grayish-yellow plaques on the intimal surface of the arteries. On the incision surface, the luminal surface of the plaque is a white fibrous cap, and the deep tissue is necrotic and disintegrates, and the necrotic tissue is mixed with the lipid in the lesion to form a yellowish-white, viscous athero-like substance. Microscopically, the surface of the atheromatous plaque is a layer of fibrous caps, the deep layers are amorphous necrotic disintegrating substances, cholesterol crystals inside, granulation tissue and fibrous tissue at the bottom and edges, and a small amount of foam cell aggregation and lymphocyte infiltration.

Secondary lesions are secondary lesions that are based on fibrous plaques and atheromas: a Intraplaque hemorrhage; b Plaque rupture; c Thrombosis; d calcification; e Aneurysm formation.

Answer]: A This question examines the knowledge points of pathology-cardiac paracanal system-atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is the paper deposition of the arterial intima with the collapse of the intimal focal, the formation of atheroma and oak, causing the wall to harden and narrow the lumen, causing ischemic changes in the corresponding organs, which are more common in the elderly, and the most common site is the large and middle artery (abdominal aorta).

Therefore, option A should be selected for this question.

Single-choice] Atherosclerosis occurs mainly in:

a.Thin and small arterioles.

b.Great and middle arteries.

c.Thin and small veins.

d.Large and middle veins.

Answer] B Analysis] Atherosclerosis is the most common disease of the cardiovascular system, characterized by the formation of atheromas or fibrous plaques in the lining of blood vessels, mainly affecting the posterior walls and branch openings of large and medium arteries.

a.Blood quarrel and empty cherry bolt formation.

b.Fiber deficit cap formation.

c.Foam cell formation.

d.Necrotic foci form.

e.Helcosis.

Correct answer: c

Atherosclerosis is divided into asymptomatic insidious, ischemic, necrotic, and fibrotic phases. 1. Asymptomatic insidious period: atherosclerotic plaques have been formed, but there is no obvious vascular stenosis lesion.

2. Ischemic stage: atherosclerotic plaque lesion tolerance leads to vascular stenosis, which can usually be divided into aortic atherosclerosis, coronary atherosclerosis, cranial atherosclerosis and renal atherosclerosis, etc., and the symptoms of ischemia of corresponding organs will also occur. 3. Necrotic period:

Coronary arteries may be blocked and blood clots may form in the lumen of blood vessels, resulting in the necrosis of corresponding organs and tissues. 4. Fibrosis stage: Patients may directly enter the fibrosis stage due to long-term vascular ischemia leading to fibrosis and atrophy of tissues and organs.

It is recommended that patients should develop good living habits, combine work and rest at work, try to avoid staying up late to pay respects, and patients can also eat foods that can alleviate atherosclerosis.

The atherosclerosis phase is divided into four phases, one is the asymptomatic insidious phase: (corresponding to type I IV and VA lesions) atherosclerotic plaques have formed, but there is no obvious stenosis, so there are no clinical manifestations of organ involvement. Lipid strips begin to appear in children older than 5 to 0 years of age, and atheroma begins to appear at the age of 20 years.

The second is the ischemic stage: (corresponding to VB, VC and some V-type lesions) atherosclerotic plaques lead to vascular stenosis and organ ischemia, and the clinical manifestations are different according to the different organs involved, the third is the necrotic stage: the symptoms of necrosis of the corresponding organs and tissues caused by arterial blockage or thrombosis in the lumen of the blood vessels, and the fourth is the fibrotic stage

Long-term ischemia is a symptom of fibrosis and atrophy of the corresponding organs and tissues.

In atherosclerosis, which of the following lesions does not appear?

a.Lipid infiltration of the arterial intima forms lipid striaes.

b.Collagen fibers and vitreous changes in the arterial intima.

c.Calcifications may occur within atheromas.

d.Severe lesions may present with medial failure, smooth muscle atrophy, and elastic plate rupture at the site of severe lesions.

e.Fibrinoid necrosis occurs at the site of the lesion.

Correct answer: e

Answer]: B atherosclerosis occurs mainly in large arteries (such as aormomorphic fibrillation arteries) and middle digital arteries (coronary arteries, cerebral basilar arteries, renal arteries, and extremity arteries).