Ask 2 philosophical questions, how to understand these two questions of philosophy?

Objective idealism holds that an objective spirit or principle is an ontology that precedes and exists independently of the material world, and that the material world (or phenomenal world) is nothing but the externalization or manifestation of this objective spirit or principle, the former being primordial and primary, and the latter being derivative and secondary. The "Reason" of Cheng Zhu Lixue in the Song Dynasty of China, the "Idea" of Plato in ancient Greece, and the "Absolute Concept" of Hegel in Germany are all such objective spirits or principles as the ontology of the world. The so-called objective spirit or principle of objective idealism is actually the result of absolutizing human thinking or general concepts, sublimating or distilling them into entities that exist independently not only from the human mind but also from or before the material world and concrete things, and at the same time further deify and idolize them, so as to fall into mysticism of creationism and religious beliefism.

Thus, objective idealism is closely related to religion. It can be said that objective idealism is a more refined form of religion, and religion is a vulgarized form of objective idealism.

Subjective idealism regards a certain subjective spirit of an individual, such as feelings, experiences, minds, consciousness, concepts, and will, as the root and basis of the emergence and existence of all things in the world, and everything in the world is derived from these subjective spirits and is the manifestation of these subjective spirits. Therefore, in the view of subjective idealists, the subjective spirit is primordial and primary, while the things of the objective world are derived and secondary. Subjective idealism inevitably leads to absurd solipsism, because it regards everything in the world as the manifestation and product of the subjective spirit of the individual self, and in fact believes that everything in the world can only exist in the subjective spirit of the individual self, and without the subjective spirit of the individual self, there will be no things in the world.

The so-called "mind is reason", "my heart is the universe", "there is nothing outside the mind", and "there is no reason outside the mind" of the Luwang school in the Song and Ming dynasties in China, and the so-called "existence is to be perceived" and "things are a collection of ideas" in the British Berkeley are representative and typical views of subjective idealism and solipsism.

The first question: Practical activity is a dynamic system of development with subject, intermediary and object as the basic framework.

1) From the perspective of the content and results of the interaction between the subject and the object, this interaction is realized through the two-way movement of the objectification of the subject and the non-objectification of the object. The two-way movement of the objectification of the subject and the objectification of the object, or the two-way movement of the objectification of the subject and the subjectification of the object, are two inseparable aspects of human practical activities, which are the premise and medium of each other, and it is through this form of movement that people constantly solve the contradictions in the real world.

and 2) the characteristics and essence of the interaction between the subject and the object of practice. In the process of practice, on the one hand, the subject is limited and restricted by the object, and on the other hand, it constantly develops its own abilities and needs, and constantly breaks the restrictions of the object with conscious and active activities, and transcends the real object. This relationship between the subject and the object, or the transcendence within the limitation, is the essence of the interaction between the subject and the object.

3) The subject and the object are the two poles of practical activities, and there is an intermediary between the subject and the object that connects the two realistically, that is, various forms of tools, means, and procedures and methods for using and operating these tools. The subject, the object, and the intermediary are interconnected and constitute a practical system of practical activities. As such, all three are historical categories that evolve with the development of history.

The second question: Obviously, the third is the category of subjective idealism, and the difference between subjective idealism and objective idealism is that subjective idealism believes that the origin of the creation of the world is man's inner spirit, willpower, while the objective mind believes that the original creation of the world is external, detached from some kind of qi and so on.

3 It is clearly a Marxist point of view, or a dialectical materialist point of view. The fact that people can reflect the objective world means that matter is the first nature, and people's understanding of matter originates from the objectivity of matter. The fact that people can create the world reflects the subjective initiative of people, that is, the importance of practice is emphasized, and the creation of the world is the materialization of people's thoughts.

Categories: Education, Science, >> Science & Technology.

Problem description: 1 Why is it said that "the creation of historical materialism expelled idealism from its last refuge, that is, from its view of history"?

2. What is the difference between humanism and humanism in Marxist philosophy, which opposes humanism and attaches importance to the humanistic spirit?

Analysis: 1The Marxist-Leninists in the Soviet Union believed that materialism existed before Marx's theory and was very convincing in the field of nature, but it had not yet gained a foothold in the field of social history and did not have a clear materialist view of history, so the theory of "dialectical materialism and historical materialism" dealt a strong blow to the idealistic camp in the struggle between the two major philosophical schools of materialism and idealism, and expelled idealism "from its last refuge, that is, the view of history".

2.This means that all activities such as the study of theories should be based on the fundamental purpose of benefiting mankind and realizing the true freedom and happiness of mankind. However, this does not mean that we must put man on the foundation of the philosophical world picture, the foundation of Soviet-style "Marxist philosophy" is "material", and matter occupies the "first nature" in this world, which is the origin of the world, and accordingly opposes those "idealistic philosophy" based on man, arguing that they give the "immaterial" "human spirit" or other factors a dominant position.

It's rare that I spend so much effort explaining the theory that I don't like myself, give it to me!

Philosophy is generally divided into two categories: materialism and idealism.

1. The three ultimate problems of materialism are: how to better understand the universe and solve the problems about the universe. How to better understand human society and solve problems related to human beings. How to better understand your own life and solve problems about life.

2. The three ultimate questions of idealism are: Who am I? I'm from **? I'm going to **.

1. The emergence of the word philosophy was first used in Chinese at the end of the 19th century, from Japanese Chinese"Philosophy"It is a translation of the Japanese Chinese word for philosophia (love of wisdom and pursuit of truth), and the meaning of the word is roughly as follows"In a dialectical way, a kind of learning that makes people wise and inspires wisdom"It's exploration"Man and nature"A kind of square stuffy style of relationship. Philosophy can be seen as a scale. The function of this scale is to start from the rational existence itself, to find the essence (origin) of reason and the relationship between self-existence and other beings in the world.

2. Philosophy (English: philosophy, derived from Greek: according to the etymology has the meaning of love and wisdom.

In academia, there is no universally accepted definition of the word philosophy, and certainly no consensus is foreseen. In the history of Western scholarship alone, philosophy is the study of some issues, involving concepts such as others. Philosophy is the study of universal and fundamental questions, mostly related to reality, existence, knowledge, value, reason, mind, language, etc.

3. Philosophy is simply meta-knowledge and meta-science, that is, the so-called road to simplicity. The task of philosophy is to grasp the real world at the level of meta-reason, to synthesize many into one or to divide one into many, and one and many are both meta-principles. The meta-theory should also be expressed and systematically constructed, so that the meta-rational system can be suitable for interpreting the world or guiding practice.

Philosophy is the meta-theory, science (as well as metaphysics, art) is the principle, method, facts, the meta-theory and the principle division is not an absolute boundary, the practical basis can be: the meta-theory is the immediate use of the meta-theory that needs to be remembered at all times, and the principle is the basic theory that can be used in the reference book.

The three questions of philosophy are divided into two categories, namely, the questions of idealism and the questions of materialism.

Three questions of materialism:

1. How to better understand the universe and solve problems about the universe.

2. How to better understand human society and solve problems related to human beings.

3. How to better understand one's own life and solve problems about life.

Three questions about the blind waiter's idealism:

1. Who am I?

2. Where am I from? Grinding.

3. Do I want to go to **?