The changes of the lamp from ancient times to the present, and what changes have been made in the la

Material: wood--metal--plastic--new material.

Fuel quality: wood - lamp oil - electricity - new energy.

Lamps, from matches to oil lamps to electric lamps with buttons......

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The history of lamps begins with torches in ancient times.

Secondly, the first revolution of the lamp "oil lamp", and the evolution process of the oil lamp is from kerosene lamp, bronze lamp, celadon lamp to lantern, oil color lamp, foreign oil lamp.

Then came the second revolution "electric light", the evolution of electric light from incandescent lamps and tungsten halogen lamps to fluorescent lamps and steam lamps. Finally, there is LED semiconductor lighting, which transitions from LED energy-saving lamps to fluorescent lamps.

Since humans learned to drill wood and flint to make fire, fire has allowed mankind to say goodbye to a primitive barbaric era, and fire has brought warmth and light to people, and they no longer live in darkness. The first "lamp" created by man was a torch tied together by plants. And for a long time to come, a variety of vegetable oils and animal oils will be used to burn lighting.

It was not until human exploitation of oil that the first kerosene lamp appeared, which became a gas lamp.

The history of electric lighting

The electric light was invented by the famous inventor Thomas Edison and became a breakthrough in the history of lamps.

1. Incandescent lamp.

The tungsten filament is the invention of the American scientist Coritsch, which improves the brightness and service life of incandescent lamps, and the advantages are: low cost, relatively wide working voltage range, and convenience. For example: flashlights, console lighting.

2. Tungsten halogen lamp.

On the basis of incandescent lamps, the life of the lamps is further improved, and the volume is small, but it is more expensive to re-enter the gas at high pressure; Its main application range is wider, such as: stage lighting effects, motor vehicle lighting, spotlights, magnesium lights, etc.

3. Fluorescent lamps.

The production principle of fluorescent lamps is to use gas discharge to produce light energy, which has the advantages of longer service life, energy saving of 75%, higher luminous efficiency, and variable light color. It completely replaces incandescent lamps and is widely used in life.

4. Steam lamp.

The steam lamp is to seal the steam of various elements in the glass tube and then use the current to emit light, its advantages are that the light efficiency is very high, the service life is 2 times that of fluorescent lamp, 10 times that of tungsten halogen lamp, and it is more energy-saving.

5. Sensor lamp.

Sensor lamps are another form of fluorescent lamps that require special electronic wiring devices and are now also widely used.

In ancient times, primitive people had no lighting appliances and no fire. Harsh and dark environment, in which people in ancient times struggled to survive. The night shackles the original low-level survival activities of the ancestors, and the night also creates an opportunity for wild beasts to wreak havoc and invade humans.

With the progress of society and the extensive use of fire by our ancestors, their living environment and living conditions have undergone earth-shaking changes. Fire drives away birds of prey and wild beasts, and the fears and sorrows in people's hearts are reduced with the appearance of fire. Gradually, people will consciously save the fire source, and these auxiliary devices used to preserve the fire source have been continuously improved and evolved, forming special lighting utensils

Lamps. The development process of lamps and lanterns, from the ancestors to make a variety of equipment to preserve the source of fire, to the electric bulb invented by Edison in 1897, the lamps and lanterns have gone through a long evolution, through animal oil lamps, vegetable oil lamps, kerosene lamps, incandescent lamps, fluorescent lamps to the now widely used LED lamps such a process, after the maturity and popularization of OLED technology, lamps and lanterns will appear in a new form.

According to historical records, before electricity was discovered, lamps were merely tools for illumination. The period during which lamps were used can be broadly divided into two distinct periods: the pre-electric era and the post-electric era. The development of ancient lamps and lanterns in China can be roughly divided into the following six time periods according to time:

The first stage: the Warring States Period, people at this time have pushed metal craftsmanship to a newer historical stage, bronze culture prevails, copper lamps and lanterns have been widely used in the upper class, and have become indispensable lighting appliances in daily life.

The second stage: the Qin and Han dynasties, the heyday of China's feudal society, the economy and culture reached unprecedented heights. At that time, pottery was already very developed, and pottery replaced bronze as people's daily necessities.

The third stage: the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties period. During this period, the shapes of lamps and lanterns varied, and lamps in the shape of animals and people became popular on a large scale. Lamps and candles are not only used as lighting utensils, but also as indispensable items for rituals and festive events.

The fourth stage: the Sui and Tang dynasties, the heyday of China's feudal society, the era of prosperity. Politically, economically, and culturally prosperous. The development of porcelain in that period was very rapid, which also contributed to the rapid development of ceramic lamps.

The fifth stage: the Song and Yuan dynasties, this period has a characteristic, from the function of the lamps and lanterns: practical lamps and funeral lamps, mainly from the decorative art of lamps.

The expressive techniques of lamp decoration in the Song Dynasty developed more mature and diversified, which were divided into process materials: body decoration, painted decoration and glaze decoration; It is divided into different processes such as carving, scratching, pasting and painting.

The sixth stage: the Ming and Qing dynasties, the most glorious period of the development of ancient Chinese lamps and lanterns, in terms of materials and types of realization, the category of lamps and lanterns in that period was rich and colorful enough. Divided by material:

There are metals, ceramics, precious stoneware, glass, enamel, etc. The patterns are constantly updated, and the rise of various shapes of palace lamps has opened up a new chapter in the history of lamps. 

The evolution of lamps: torches, oil lamps, candles, electric lamps.

The manufacture of electric light was invented by scientist Thomas Edison, and it took more than 1,000 experiments before the incandescent lamp was finally evolved for people to use for a long time.

The earliest existing torches and lamps in China came from the Warring States period, and there is a record of "blue paste bright candles, Hua stirrups are wrong" in "Chu Ci Soul Conjuring", indicating that the name "stirrup" has appeared in the Warring States period.

The ancients called "stirrup" a lamp, which should be a pretense for the meaning of the word. Beans are a kind of cooking utensils in the Shang and Zhou dynasties, which were used to hold pickles, meat sauces, etc., and are also ancient ritual vessels, mostly made of bronze and terracotta. And Tao Bean is the earliest lamp that can be seen so far.

Before the advent of electric light, the common lighting tool used by people was kerosene lamps or gas lamps. Because they burn kerosene or gas, they have a strong black smoke and a pungent odor, and they are inconvenient because they need to be fueled and the shades are often scrubbed.

The earliest practical electric lamp was the incandescent lamp, but long before the birth of the incandescent lamp, the Englishman Humphrey David used 2000 batteries and two carbon rods to make the arc lamp, but the arc lamp was too bright, produced too much heat and was not durable, and it could not be used in ordinary places.

In 1854, Henri Goebel, a German watchmaker who immigrated to the United States, made the first practical electric lamp from a carbonized bamboo wire placed in a vacuum glass bottle, which lasted for 400 hours, but he did not apply for a patent in time.

In 1874, two Canadian electrical technicians applied for a patent for an electric lamp: nitrogen gas was filled under a glass bubble to emit light with an electrified carbon rod, but they did not have the financial resources to continue perfecting the invention, so they sold the patent to Edison in 1875. Edison bought the patent and tried to improve the filament, and finally in 1880 he made a carbonized bamboo filament lamp that could last for 1,200 hours.

However, the U.S. Patent Office ruled that Edison's invention of the carbon filament incandescent lamp was invalid. After years of litigation, Henri Goebbels won the patent, which Edison eventually bought from Goebbels' impoverished widow.

At the beginning of the 20th century, the carbonized filament was replaced by tungsten filament, and tungsten incandescent lamps are still used today.

In 1938, fluorescent lights were born. In 1998, white LED light was born.

Since the ancient ape-man drilled wood to make fire, human beings have experienced animal oil lamps, vegetable oil lamps, kerosene lamps to incandescent lamps, fluorescent lamps, and even developed to the present dazzling decorative lamps, engineering lamps, etc.

The use of oil lamps for lighting has a particularly long history. During this time, the oil lamp has undergone several improvements. The oil used for oil lamps was changed from animal oil to vegetable oil, and finally replaced by kerosene.

The wick has also undergone a change process of grass, cotton thread, and multi-strand cotton thread. In order to prevent the wind from blowing out the fire, oil lamps were covered. In the early days, the hood was made of paper paste, which was very unsafe, and later the glass cover was used.

Such oil lamps are not afraid of the wind, and they are also used outdoors, and they burn well and do not emit black smoke.

However, human beings are not satisfied, and while using oil lamps for lighting, they are still looking for other lighting methods. Around the 3rd century B.C., candles were made out of beeswax. By the 18th century, candles made of paraffin wax left appeared.

And began mass production with machines.

More than 100 years ago, the British invented the gas lamp, which made a big step forward in human lighting methods. Originally, this lamp was unsafe and prone to danger when used indoors, so it was only used as a street lamp. Later, after improvement, it entered thousands of households.

Torches, candles, oil lamps, kerosene lamps, gas lamps, these lighting tools, are not separated from **, they are all lit by the light emitted by the combustion of matter. So is there a way to light up without fire? Someone once caught a large number of fireflies and used the fluorescent light emitted by the fireflies to illuminate them.

Although this method is not practical, it is one of the most peculiar methods in the history of human lighting.

At the end of the 19th century, Edison invented the electric lamp, which rewrote the history of human lighting and brought mankind to the era of electric lighting.

Light bulb (incandescent bulb): The current in the wire enters a very thin metal wire, which generates high heat, and when it is hot to a certain extent, it will emit light.

Fluorescent lamp: it does not contain infrared rays, so its light is very gentle and does not hurt the eyes; Because it does not contain **, it is more energy-efficient to use; It also emits a lot of beautiful colored light. This is determined by the nature of the chemicals contained in phosphors, such as magnesium tungstate, which glows blue-white and glows reddish when coated with cadmium borate.

Vapor lamp: It is made of various vapors sealed in glass tubes and emitted by electric current. Their construction, a bit like fluorescent lamps, also saves power. There are mercury vapor lamps and sodium vapor lamps.

The next generation of new lighting sources is LED lamps, which are lights made of high-brightness light-emitting diodes. It has a series of advantages such as high efficiency, energy saving, long life, and environmental protection.

As follows:

1. Bronze lamps.

If you want to trace the history of the evolution of lamps, it can be traced back to the Warring States period, and through archaeological research, it has been found that there were copper lamps and lanterns in that period. At that time, bronze culture was very popular, and archaeological excavations will find many copper lamps, but generally only the upper class.

to be able to use it.

2. Pottery lamps.

With the development of time, it reached the Qin and Han dynasties.

At this time, there are a lot of pottery, and some copper lamps and lanterns have been produced, and from the perspective of the production process, they are also more beautiful, and the shape is very beautiful.

Three, two Han lamps.

In the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, lamps and lanterns developed more and more popular, there are many shapes, such as the shape of the character or the shape of the animal, and large-scale production, and the lamps can not only be used for lighting, including marriage or sacrifice, are indispensable supplies.

Fourth, porcelain lamps.

In the Sui and Tang dynasties.

It is also the peak of China's development, there is another porcelain, which has led to a lot of ceramic lamps and lanterns, and the development is relatively rapid.

5. Candle lamps.

In the Song and Yuan dynasties, it can be seen from some archaeological excavations that the decorative art of the lamp is more beautiful, there are various styles, and its firing technology is becoming more and more advanced.

6. Metal lamps.

The Ming Dynasty was also the most glorious time for the development of Chinese lamps and lanterns, not only in terms of materials, but also in its style, which also developed by leaps and bounds, such as some metal fixtures or flange lamps.

7. Modern lamps and lanterns.

To say that modern lamps and lanterns are more abundant, because they have been electrified, many lamps are lit by electricity, the technology is more advanced, and it has also led to a lot of smart lights, which are more modern.