What chemicals are highly toxic and what are the most toxic chemicals?

Now there is the 2012 version of the hazardous chemicals catalog, you see that there are 6 categories and 1 item, there are many kinds.

All substances containing cn- ions are highly toxic. In addition, HCN, (CN)2 and isocyanic acid and their esters are highly toxic, and some glycosides that can produce CN- after hydrolysis, the same is true (such as bitter almonds, which can be poisoned by oral administration of more than 10 capsules).Generally, cyanide enters the body to produce CN-, which is a cellular plasma poison and has an inhibitory effect on dozens of oxidases, dehydrogenases and decarboxylases in cells.

However, it is mainly combined with the trivalent iron of oxidized cytochrome oxidase in the mitochondria of cells, which prevents the reduction of ferric in the oxidation enzyme, which also blocks the electron transmission in the oxidation process and inhibits the formation of ATP, and finally makes the nerve cells and cardiomyocytes in the human body die without energy utilization, and the person dies quickly within a few minutes. Generally, the lethal dose of inorganic cyanide is within 100 mg.

Antidote: sodium thiosulfate (can be used alone for mild poisoning), sodium nitrite (used with the former in severe poisoning), if it is severe poisoning. If you can't get to the hospital, you have to hang up.

There are many highly toxic chemicals in the world, and the chloride family includes potassium chloride, sodium chloride, hydrochloric acid.

Chemicals of severe toxicity refer to the chemicals in the catalogue of highly toxic chemicals determined and published by the safety production supervision and management department in conjunction with the public security, environmental protection, health, quality inspection and transportation departments. Generally, it is a chemical with severe toxic hazards, including synthetic chemicals and their mixtures and natural toxins, as well as chemicals with acute toxicity that can easily cause public safety hazards.

No unit or individual may forge, alter, buy, sell, lend or otherwise transfer the "Purchase Voucher for Chemicals of Severe Toxicity", "Permit for the Purchase of Chemicals of Severe Toxicity" and "Road Transport Permit for Chemicals of Severe Toxicity", and shall not use the invalid above-mentioned permits.

Article 39 of the Regulations on the Safety Management of Hazardous Chemicals stipulates that if chemicals of severe toxicity are transported by road, the shipper shall apply for a road transport permit for chemicals of severe toxicity from the people's public security organs at the county level at the place of departure or destination.

To apply for a road transport permit for chemicals of severe toxicity, the shipper shall submit to the public security department materials related to the name, quantity, origin and destination of transportation, transportation route, transportation unit, driver, escort personnel, business unit and purchasing unit qualification of hazardous chemicals.

Arsenic is one of the strongest chemicals, and the toxicity of this substance is very rare.

:d MSO is a dimethyl sulfoxide and is widely used. It is used as a solvent for acetylene, aromatics, sulfur dioxide and other gases, as well as a solvent for spinning acrylic fibers. It is an extremely important aprotic polar solvent that is soluble in water and soluble in organic solvents.

It has strong permeability to ** and helps the drug to penetrate into the human body. It can also be used as an additive for pesticides. It is also a very important chemical reagent.

DMSO is also a permeable protective agent, which can lower the freezing point of cells, reduce the formation of ice crystals, reduce the damage of free radicals to cells, and change the permeability of biofilms to electrolytes, drugs, poisons and metabolites.

However, studies have shown that DMSO has a serious toxic effect, which interacts with the protein hydrophobic group, resulting in protein denaturation, which is vasotoxic and hepatorenal toxic.

DMSO is a relatively toxic thing, when using it to avoid its volatilization, to prepare 1%-5% ammonia for standby, ** after staining with a large amount of water and dilute ammonia wash.

The most common are nausea, vomiting, rash, and the smell of garlic, onion, and oysters in the exhaled air.

Inhalation: High volatile concentrations may cause headaches, dizziness, and sedation.

**: It can burn** and make **tingling, just like the rash and blisters seen. If dimethyl sulfoxide comes into contact with aqueous **, a thermal reaction will occur.

Avoid contact with dimethyl sulfoxide solutions that contain toxic raw materials or substances, which are not known to be toxic and may penetrate the skin and under certain conditions, it will introduce toxic substances into the skin.

Absorption: The risk of absorption is very low.

EB (ethidium bromide, ethidium bromide).

Ethidium bromide is a highly sensitive fluorescent stain for visualizing DNA in agarose and polyacrylamide gels. Ethidium bromide is excited and emits an orange-red signal with a standard 302nm UV transilluminator, and the most common way to observe DNA in agarose gels is to stain with the fluorescent dye ethidium bromide, which contains a tricyclic planar group that can be embedded between the DNA-stacking bases. Its binding to DNA has little to no base sequence specificity.

In saturated solutions with high ionic strength, approximately one ethidium bromide molecule is inserted per base. When a dye molecule is inserted, its planar group is perpendicular to the axis of the helix and interacts with the upper and lower bases through van der Waals forces. The fixed position of this group and its close proximity to the base results in a fluorescent dye that binds to DNA with an increased fluorescence yield than a dye in free solution.

The DNA absorbs UV radiation at 254 nm and passes it to the dye, while the bound dye itself absorbs 302 nm and 366 nm light radiation. In both cases, the absorbed energy is re-emitted at 590 nm in the red-orange region of the visible spectrum. Since the fluorescence yield of ethidium-bromide-DNA complexes is 20-30-fold higher than that of dyes without binding DNA, as few as 10 ng of NDA bands can be detected when the gel contains free ethidium bromide.

Ethidium bromide can be embedded in base molecules,