What are the check up instructions for diabetic patients?

The patient does not eat water and drugs after dinner the day before the examination until the next day, and stays overnight on an empty stomach for 10 to 14 hours.

Take 20 ml of urine for the first time after midnight on the same night and send it to the laboratory.

Immediately after fasting blood is drawn, 300 ml of water containing 75 grams of glucose or 100 grams of steamed bread are taken orally, and the time after taking sugar water or steamed bread is accurately recorded, and blood is drawn at the laboratory on time at 1 hour, 2 hours and 3 hours respectively.

Except for drinking a small amount of water (the amount of water is controlled at about 50 ml) when eating steamed buns, you should not eat, drink, or take medicine during the examination.

Normal activity is necessary for 3 days prior to the test, as excessive and prolonged bed rest can impairs glucose tolerance.

Strenuous activity before the test can accelerate glucose utilization, so you should sit still for at least half an hour.

Diseases and traumas, such as fever, acute cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, etc., put the body in a state of stress, can temporarily increase blood sugar, glucose tolerance is reduced, and this test should be done again when normal activities are resumed after recovery.

Drug effects, such as corticosteroids, growth hormone can raise blood sugar, while monoamine oxidase inhibitors can lower blood sugar, and due to the effects of these drugs, the drug should be discontinued for 3 to 7 days or even 1 month before the trial.

Generally, fasting is carried out, mainly to check fasting blood sugar, and secondly, if the doctor asks you to do a glucose tolerance test, you should take a one-hour, two-hour, and three-hour blood sugar check after a meal according to the doctor's instructions. Be sure to follow your doctor's instructions, otherwise the test results will not be reliable. Others should be prepared according to the doctor's instructions.

Fasting blood sugar Check your blood sugar regularly after a meal, and monitor your blood pressure. Blood lipids.

Blood glucose monitoring, including fasting and two hours after meals; Glycosylated hemoglobin is done once every three months; urine protein test, etc.

Usually, you can measure your blood sugar every other month, but you can measure your fasting blood sugar after waking up in the morning. Usually eat more coarse grains, such as millet, buckwheat, etc., and fruits can eat fruits with low sugar content such as guava. Soak your feet in warm water every day.

Check items:

1. Fasting blood glucose and 2-hour postprandial blood glucose are used as usual monitoring indicators.

2. Glycosylated glycemic protein (HBARC 6,5% as the control target), because the HBARC value can reflect the blood glucose control within 2-3 months. Patients should visit the hospital at least once every 3 months. If the standard is met, it can be checked once every six months.

3. Patients with a medical history of 5 years or more should check the fundus once a year. Check for diabetic foot and peripheral neuropathy.

4. Experts say that diabetes and coronary heart disease are iso-risk diseases, which means that the risk of acute myocardial sudden death is the same. Therefore, diabetic patients must control blood sugar to meet the standard, do not make blood sugar fluctuate too much, and prevent vascular lesions is the fundamental purpose.

Oh, if your blood sugar is too high, you can give insulin to control your blood sugar first, regardless of whether you have type 1 diabetes or type 2 diabetes. Are you using pre-mixed insulin, which should be Novoling 30R, a mixture of 30% short-acting insulin and 70% intermediate-acting insulin.

If you still have insulin secretion yourself, then you may be using oral medications, diet and exercise, and you can also control your blood sugar. But now because you have already taken insulin, if we measure your own insulin secretion, we generally can't tell whether it is foreign insulin or your own insulin.

At this time, we can do a C-peptide release test, because the body itself first forms proinsulin, and then when needed, proinsulin is cleaved into insulin and C-peptide, and a molecule of proinsulin is cleaved into a molecule of insulin and a fraction of C-peptide, so that we can measure your own C-peptide, especially by looking at your C-peptide distribution curve, you can know your own insulin release level.

Therefore, when you go to the endocrinology department of a large hospital, we can still tell whether you can have insulin secretion by yourself, but you need a professional doctor and accurate examination methods.

In addition, when controlling blood sugar in the future and checking blood sugar, a single blood sugar may fluctuate up and down, and only check fasting blood sugar, how about postprandial blood sugar? Therefore, I think you should at least check your fasting blood sugar and 2 hours after meals, and you can also do glycosylated hemoglobin Hba1C, or glycosylated serum albumin (fructosamine test), the former looks at your overall blood sugar level in the last 2-3 months, and the latter fructosamine test looks at your blood sugar level in the last 2-3 weeks.

This gives us a better estimate of blood sugar.

Urine glucose determination, blood glucose determination, oral glucose tolerance test, glycosylated hemoglobin determination, glycosylated plasma albumin determination, insulin release test, C peptide release test.

Fasting blood glucose: refers to the blood sugar level after 8 p.m. the night before, without eating anything and not eating the next morning.

2-hour postprandial blood glucose: refers to the blood sugar level measured from the time the first bite of food is eaten to the 2-hour measurement.

Glycosylated hemoglobin: reflects the blood glucose control in the last 2-3 months and is an important indicator for long-term control of diabetes. Diabetic patients who can reduce the level of glycosylated hemoglobin to less than 8% will greatly reduce the complications of diabetes.

In addition, urine glucose, ketone body, urine protein, kidney function, eyes, teeth, **, etc., the main purpose is to check for diabetes complications.

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If you suspect diabetes, what tests should be done, this is what everyone is more concerned about. Here's a brief introduction.

1 Tests related to diagnosis.

1) Blood sugar. Blood glucose includes fasting and 2-hour postprandial blood glucose, which is the basis for diagnosing diabetes.

2) Urine sugar. It may provide clues to the diagnosis of diabetes but cannot diagnose or exclude diabetes based on positive or negative urine glucose.

3) Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). When the patient's fasting or postprandial blood glucose is higher than normal, but does not meet the diagnostic criteria for diabetes, further OGTT is needed to conclusively determine whether diabetes is present.

4) islet function determination. These include insulin release assay (IRT) and c-peptide release assay (CPRT), which measure the levels of insulin and c-peptide secretion at fasting and postprandial points to understand the degree of islet function failure and help classify diabetes.

5) Autoantibody test. Glutamate decarboxylase antibody (GADA), insulin autoantibody (IAA), pancreatic islet cell antibody (ICA), these antibodies are often positive in patients with type diabetes, and negative in type diabetes.

6) Chest X-ray examination. It can confirm the presence of tuberculosis or pulmonary infection.

7) Bone density test. It can tell if there is osteoporosis.

In general, blood glucose (both fasting and postprandial levels) should be checked once a week; Blood lipids, liver function, renal function, and urine microalbumin excretion rate are checked once every six months; Fundus examination every six months to 1 year; Glycosylated hemoglobin is checked every 2-3 months.

2 Tests that reflect the average level of blood glucose control.

Whether fasting or postprandial blood glucose, it reflects the blood glucose level at a certain time, and the result is influenced by many accidental factors, especially in patients with large blood sugar fluctuations. To know the true level of blood glucose control over a period of time, there are a few things to check.

1) Glycosylated hemoglobin (GHB). It can reflect the total blood sugar level in the last 2 to 3 months, and the normal value is 4 6.

2) Glycosylated serum protein (GSP). It can reflect the total blood glucose level in the last 2 to 3 weeks, and the normal value is 1 5 2 4 mmoll liters.

3 Tests related to complications.

The biggest harm of diabetes comes from the various complications caused by it, and in order to fully understand the condition, patients must check the following indicators in addition to blood sugar.

1) Blood pressure, blood lipids, blood rheology, blood ketone bodies, liver and kidney function, urine routine, urine microalbumin quantitative examination to find out whether there is hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetic nephropathy, urinary tract infection, ketoacidosis, etc.

2) Eye examination. Check for diabetic retinopathy and cataracts.

3) Neurological examination. Tactile examination with 10 grams of mononylon filament allows for early detection of diabetic peripheral neuropathy.

4) Electrocardiogram and cardiac ultrasound examination. Check for coronary heart disease and cardiac insufficiency.

5) Lower extremity vascular ultrasound and contrast examination. Find out if you have arteriosclerosis or stenosis of the lower extremities.

There is no serious illness means that you are in good health, but your symptoms are symptoms of diabetes, you should go to the hospital to seek medical attention in time, there are many tests for diabetes, such as measuring the level of blood sugar is the most direct and effective.