A literature review on the relationship between global warming and China s economic development

Global warming is already causing widespread warming of the ocean surface, rising sea levels and loss of sea ice. According to the measured data of tide gauge stations, the sea level along the coast of China has shown a significant upward trend in recent years, with an average annual increase in recent yearsMillimetre.

Sea level rise along China's coast is expected to reach to centimeters by the end of the century. Professor Ding Yihui, a climate expert at the China Meteorological Administration, said rising sea levels would have a serious socio-economic impact on China. Because of China's long coastline, it is home to more than half of the population, and the national economy.

Professor Shi Yafeng, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said that the increase in temperature brought about by global warming may lead to a significant increase in precipitation and an acceleration of the evaporation rate of the ocean and land, which may bring more major droughts and floods to the world. At present, weather and climate disasters such as droughts, floods, typhoons and sandstorms caused by abnormal weather conditions around the world have seriously affected agriculture, transportation, energy and water resources in many countries. China is one of the countries with the most frequent natural disasters in the world, and the direct economic losses caused by meteorological disasters account for an average of the annual GDP.

Hu Qili, vice chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), pointed out that China's development is facing three major problems: population expansion, resource shortage, and environmental degradation, and the solution of these problems is related to climatic conditions. It is of great significance for China's economic development and construction to have a deep understanding of the global climate, East Asian climate, Chinese climate and local climate change laws in various places. Professor Ding Yihui said that climate change will even have adverse effects on the insurance and other financial industries, as it will "increase the uncertainty of risk assessment, and even lead to errors in risk assessment, which will lead to an increase in insurance payouts and slow the expansion of financial services to developing countries."

The process of human response to climate change is a process of adapting to the climate environment. Zhu Changhan, chief researcher of the China Meteorological Administration's climate impact assessment, said that China has fully considered the impact of the projects on the climate and put sustainable development in the implementation of a series of major projects to transform nature, including the Three Gorges Project, the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, and the return of farmland to forests (lakes and grasslands). It is reported that in the coming year, China's meteorological work will improve and expand the observation of the meteorological system, accelerate the sharing of climate system resources, strengthen the detection of the climate system, and enhance the ability of climate work to serve the sustainable development of the country.

At the same time, China will further promote the research on climate impact assessment and response countermeasures, conduct in-depth research on the impact of climate on China's ecological environment and socio-economic system, accurately assess the possible impact of major project construction on the climate, and provide timely and effective climate protection and climate application services for project construction. Qin Dahe, chairman of the National Climate Committee and director of the China Meteorological Administration, said that the issue of global warming involves the environmental, economic, and social interests of all countries, and has become a hot issue in international environmental diplomacy. China's climate work faces the dual task of defending China's rights and interests as a developing country and protecting the global environment in international environmental diplomacy.

I'm dizzy, you're all here, I said how to find this problem in soso.

This is an important report on chain-source global warming released by the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), which discusses in detail the impacts, risks and adaptation strategies of global warming.

2、rockström, j., et al. (2017).

a roadmap for rapid decarbonization. science, 355(6331), 1269-1271.

This article proposes a roadmap for rapid carbon reduction, the opportunities and challenges in the context of global warming, and possible ways to achieve emission reduction targets.

3、nhamo, g. (ed.).

2020). climate change and environmental sustainability: the role of renewable and non-renewable resources.

springer.

The book brings together the work of multiple authors to discuss the impact of global warming on environmental sustainability and the role of regenerative and non-renewable resources in the fight against global warming.

4、adger, w. n., et al.

2018). social-ecological resilience to coastal disasters. science, 309(5737), 1036-1039.

This article examines the impact of global warming on coastal areas and makes recommendations for improving socio-ecological resilience in response to coastal disasters.

5、edenhofer, o., et al. (2014).

climate change 2014: mitigation of climate change. cambridge university press.

The book, which is part of the IPCC's Fifth Assessment Report, discusses the opportunities and challenges of mitigation measures for global warming, including energy transition, carbon pricing, and technological innovation.

There are three main countermeasures to global warming caused by the greenhouse effect of the atmosphere.

The first is to reduce the CO2 currently in the atmosphere. At present, the most feasible approach is to plant trees widely and strengthen greening; Stop deforestation. The photosynthesis of sunlight absorbs and fixes CO2 in large quantities in the atmosphere.

There are other ways to use chemical reactions to absorb CO2, but they are not technically mature and economically difficult to implement on a large scale.

The second aspect is adaptation. This is something that must be considered anyway. For example, in addition to engineering and technical measures such as the construction of coastal protection dikes to prevent seawater intrusion, the types and varieties of local crops are gradually changed in a planned way to adapt to the gradually changing climate.

In northern Japan, rice was not cultivated in the past due to the cool summers, or the yield was very low. However, thanks to the development of cold-tolerant and stress-resistant varieties, even Hokkaido, the northernmost province, is now able to grow rice not only but also produce high yields. This is a good example.

As climate change is a relatively slow process, adaptation responses can be identified and implemented as long as climate change trends can be identified early.

The third aspect is to reduce CO2 emissions. This is the main purpose of the Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), signed by leaders at the World Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 1992 (framework refers to the principle of comparison, meaning to be further concretized). The convention requires developed countries to return their CO2 emissions to 1990 levels by 2019 and provide funds to developing countries to transfer technology to help them reduce CO2 emissions.

Because the rapid increase in global atmospheric CO2 concentration in the past 100 years is mostly caused by emissions from developed countries. Developing countries must first and foremost get rid of poverty and develop. Developed countries have an obligation to do so.

However, because the convention is framework-based and non-binding, and the reduction of CO2 emissions directly affects the economic interests of developed countries, some developed countries not only do not reduce emissions, but also increase emissions, and it is impossible to reduce them to the level of 1990 in 2019. At the Third Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (Kyoto, Japan), which ended on December 11, 2019, developing and developed countries engaged in a sharp and intense struggle, and finally the developed countries made concessions and finally adopted the Kyoto Protocol. The Protocol stipulates that all developed countries should reduce emissions of six greenhouse gases (CO2, nitrous oxide, methane and three chlorofluorocarbons) by 2019 from 1990 levels.

This is a far cry from the 15 percent reduction by 2019 and another 20 by 2020 demanded by developing countries, but it is a binding international agreement to reduce emissions.

The distribution of temperature and precipitation throughout the year is a major factor in determining which crops to grow, and changes in temperature and temperature-induced precipitation will affect the yield of food crops and the type of crop distribution. Changes in climate have led to significant changes in the spatial (latitudinal) distribution of biozones and biomes. For example, the average temperature in the North Atlantic region in 800-1200 AD was 1 higher than it is now, making it possible to grow corn in Norway, but by 1500-1800 AD, there was a Xiaoice period in Western Europe, and the average temperature was only 1-2 lower than now, causing half of Norway's farms to abandon farming, and Iceland's agricultural activities almost completely stopped.

In addition to this, global warming will also exacerbate natural disasters such as high temperatures, heat waves, tropical storms, and tornadoes. As a result, the stability and distribution of world food production will change significantly as global temperatures rise.

1. Melting glaciers and thermal expansion of seawater cause sea level to rise.

2. It leads to ecosystem adjustment and affects the number and diversity of biological distribution.

3. Increase energy consumption and further exacerbate the warming trend.

4. The structure of the world economy has changed, and the total grain output has decreased.

5. Disasters such as droughts, rains, and floods occur frequently.

What are the effects of global warming? There are some factors that we may often overlook!