Medicinal Chemistry 2 multiple choice, short answer .

Synthetic analgesics can be divided into several categories according to their structure.

Morphine hydrocarbons: the parent nucleus of the morphine molecule after the furan ring is removed;

Benmorphans: The structure of morphine hydrocarbons was further simplified, and a series of benzolan derivatives were synthesized by opening the C ring.

Phenylpiperidine: representative drug meperidine (demerol);

Amino ketones: only the benzene ring and basic nitrogen atom in the morphine structure are retained, and the remaining four rings are disconnected, and the derivative obtained is the ring-opening substance of phenypiperidine, which also has a strong analgesic effect.

2.These drugs have different types of chemical structures, but why do they all have morphine-like effects?

The chemical structure types of these drugs are different" refers to morphine and its derivatives, including synthetic analgesics?

Now the scientific community agrees with the "three-point receptor theory":1The drug molecule has a flat aromatic structure that interacts with the flat part of the receptor through van der Waals forces; 2.

has an alkaline center, at physiological pH, most of which is ionized as cations and binds to the anionic site on the acceptor surface by electrostatic force; 3.The alkaline center and the flat aromatic structure are coplanar, and the hydrocarbon moiety protrudes from the front of the plane, just enough to be embedded in the groove part of the acceptor to produce hydrophobic binding.

It's not very clear.

2.With the same receptors ...

Chlorpromazine is an antipsychotic.

Morphine has five rings.

Hydrazine group is reducible; The formation of free hydrazine in light increases the toxicity; Ditto: Aluminum hydroxide is a simple antacid; Diphenhydramine and cyproheptadine are H1 receptor antagonists, and the lipid solubility decreases, that is, the water solubility increases.

A is a flavone glycoside, BC is a flavonoid, and D is a dihydroflavonoid.

The identification of B is zirconium citrate, the identification of CD is to distinguish flavonoids and dihydroflavonoids, and A is to distinguish flavonoids and flavonoid glycosides.

Water solubility is apparently the largest in the glycoside, and then several hydroxyl groups.

Do your homework yourself. As a hint, the identification of glycosides, flavonoids, dihydroflavonoids and -OH.

The phenolic hydroxyl basic center is in the same plane as the flat aromatic structure.

Scopolamine and hyoscycate (it should be hyoscyamine and hyoscyctic acid, did you type more of a mountain?) ）

Atracurium besylate.

Carbon is active in r configuration and has right-handed optorotation.

It can be given orally.

It is a selective 1 receptor antagonist.

Diazo coupling reactions can occur.

The effect is weak, and it is often combined with spironolactone to enhance the diuretic effect.

Spironolactone is a 3-methyl ether derivative of morphine.

I hope it helps... Hehe.

1 Morphine contains phenolic hydroxyl groups, meperidine does not, which can be distinguished by ferric chloride test solution, which is blue 2 Morphine and meperidine both contain benzene rings, which can be identified by formaldehyde sulfuric acid, morphine line is blue-purple, and meperidine is orange-red.

3 Morphine is alkaline, and can react with molybdenum sulfuric acid solution to be purple, then blue, and finally brownish-green: meperidine is also alkaline, and has a yellow precipitate when it reacts with picric acid.

4 Meperidine reacts with sodium carbonate to precipitate free alkali, which is an oil droplet.

Diethyl malonate is alkylated twice to obtain diethyl 2-ethyl-2-isopentylmalonate, which is condensed with urea to obtain the product.

The selection of pharmaceutical research in the direction of mechanization and the research direction of the pharmaceutical major is equivalent to the major indicating the research focus of the four main pharmaceutical majors: medicine, pharmaceutical preparations, medicine, pharmaceutical engineering Professional nuclear courses Mechanical, chemical experiments, physicochemical and substances, pharmaceuticals, and pharmaceuticals.

a, correct, the basic structure is the same, but after the change of individual groups, it is possible that the pharmacological effect is opposite.

b, correct, the most suitable must be the maximum activity, or it is not the most suitable.

c, correct, easier to pass through the cerebral blood barrier.

d, correct, not explained, common sense.

E, incorrect, the activity is related to LGP, but it is not that the larger the LGP, the stronger it must be.

Classification according to the mechanism of action: direct-acting drugs: catecholamines, such as norepinephrine.

Indirect-acting drugs: non-catecholamines, such as clonidine (which promotes the release of transmitters from adrenergic nerve endings).

Mixed-action drugs: drugs that have both direct and indirect effects, such as ephedrine.