How to combine landscape ecology with the landscape planning of agricultural parks? Did anyone know?

The ecological quality of the agricultural park mainly lies in whether the construction of the ecosystem is reasonable and sustainable, and the construction of the ecosystem is inseparable from the application of landscape ecology, which abstracts the landscape spatial structure into three basic units, patches, corridors and substrates, referred to as the plaque corridor base structure. A plaque is a point structure or block structure in space, a relatively homogeneous nonlinear area that is different from the surrounding environment. A reasonable plaque design is to have the plaques dispersed and concentrated in harmony with each other, for example:

In the "back garden" of Xiedao, the biological design elements such as planting, aquaculture, aquaculture, and microbial engineering are divided into patches and arranged in the park based on agriculture, and the sustainable development of the ecosystem is made through spatial arrangement. Corridor is a special type of ribbon element that is different from the land on both adjacent sides, which plays the role of separating and connecting spatial units, and is mainly a variety of passages in the tourist agricultural park. The substrate refers to the background ecosystem within the plaque mosaic.

The study of the substrate is helpful for the selection and layout of ecological patches, which is suitable for which land is suitable for which industry, and is also conducive to determining the ecosystem and protecting the characteristics. For the tourist agricultural park, it is mainly the local geographical environment type and human and social characteristics.

Beijing Tianchuang Zhiye Urban Planning and Design Institute is the only planning and design institution in China that specializes in combining "leisure" with urban and rural areas. Based on independent innovation and with a new concept of leisure planning and design, we have created a number of proprietary technologies such as "Six Methods of Leisure Function Innovation Planning", "Six Techniques of Leisure Space Innovation Design", "Urban Leisure System Planning", "Tourism-Recreation System Planning", etc., focusing on contributing wisdom to the planning and design of China's leisure cities.

The main function of the agricultural park is to produce agricultural products; According to the status of natural resources in various places, ecological agriculture planning is carried out, the combination of plant planting, animal breeding and fungus cultivation is realized, the comprehensive utilization of resources is recycled, the utilization rate of resources is improved, the land yield rate and labor productivity are improved, the income of farmers is increased, and then the processing and sales of agricultural products are developed to realize the industrialization of agriculture; It is the basic development idea of agricultural parks and agricultural demonstration zones; Where conditions permit, the use of the principle of landscape ecology, the ecological agricultural production planning, into the environmental landscape planning, the agricultural production and environmental beautification, eco-tourism combined, the development of tourism services, is also the expansion of farmers to the tertiary industry, is the agricultural park, agricultural demonstration park high-level development ideas. There have been many successes, but there have also been many failures. The key lies in whether it can be adapted to local conditions and whether it can be comprehensively developed!

The regional characteristics, resource advantages and diverse activities of the tourist agricultural park have attracted many tourists, driven the development of agricultural industry and also led to the development of tourism, increased the income of local farmers, and played a positive role in economic, social and environmental improvement. However, the development of tourism agriculture is still in its infancy compared with foreign countries, and the research on the landscape planning and design of the Qiguang Agricultural Park next to Guanwan is particularly important.

Combined with rich experience in landscape design, the experts of the agricultural landscape design of Envision Design Institute put forward the following principles of agricultural landscape design:

Functional principles.

According to the special buried high levy of the agricultural landscape, make full use of the idle space of the park, use local materials, and build landscape facilities with characteristics.

Aesthetic principles.

Combined with the surrounding environment, the design of various facilities shows the beauty of agricultural culture.

Diversity Principles.

Provide a variety of recreational functions, cooperate with the terrain, plants, etc. to give visitors different space feelings, and create a flexible and changeable experience space.

Cultural principles.

In terms of environmental design, the facilities and spaces with guidance or guidance functions are cleverly integrated to create an environment with interpretive functions.

The principle of humanity.

Combined with landscape facilities to create a harmonious and romantic rest space, so that visitors can truly experience the humanized functional design of the park.

From the perspective of leisure, the comfort, safety, amusement and pleasure of the scenic spot are the focus of tourists' attention. In order to be attractive enough, in addition to meeting the above requirements, ecology should also be integrated into it to create a relaxed and natural leisure ecological environment. At the same time, both the environment and specific tourism products should have a certain uniqueness.

The creation of landscapes and events in ecological leisure scenic spots must be based on these requirements.

Divided by scale:

Large-scale: rural environment landscape planning, land landscape, and agricultural landscape These three types are larger.

The landscape is larger than the regional planning, and coordinates the environmental planning of the harmonious coexistence of man and nature from the perspective of the ecosystem.

Rural environment landscape planning is a comprehensive, multi-level planning, planning the living environment and the surrounding landscape, and promoting the integrated upgrading of transportation, resources and industries in residential areas;

Agricultural landscape can be understood as a planning type that is suitable for agricultural crops as the main body, a type of planning to enhance rural industrial upgrading, and enrich the user's experience of agricultural activities. plant more economic crops, such as the rape field landscape in Wuyuan;

Small scale: garden landscape, courtyard landscape, horticultural landscape.

Compared with the planning, the scale of the garden landscape is small, such as the community, the park, the campus, etc., which refers to the garden design in the area with the wall. Most of them appear in the form of nodes, with relatively rich landscaping elements, and most of them are located in the city, which is in line with the concept of Chinese classical gardens hidden in the city;

The concept of horticultural landscape comes from the West, is fine, small-scale design, horticulture refers to the cultivation of flowers and grass concave modeling of an activity, fine maintenance makes the selection of plant varieties less limited, more like a work of art.

The scale of the courtyard landscape is smaller and more refined, such as gravel roads, small pools, rich varieties of flower glasses, etc., and the later maintenance is more important.

1. The principle of serving the theme is not to do production away from the theme, and do not do landscape out of the theme. Of course, on the premise of highlighting the theme, the colors, lines and proportions of the plants can have certain differences and variations.

2. The principles of nature, ecology and adapting measures to local conditions make good use of natural, agricultural resources and topographic conditions, and perfectly integrate the natural landscape with the human landscape. Try to use ecological methods to build. Many rural agricultural landscapes, such as rice fields, flower fields, tea gardens, bamboo forests, woodlands, ridges, ditches, etc., are very beautiful in themselves, and only need a little modification and fine-tuning, retain the original wildflowers and weeds, you can build a three-dimensional pastoral landscape with rich and diverse levels, and the cost is low.

Therefore, if the natural conditions are good, try to keep them, try not to move more ground, less artificial construction: in fact, plants are much more useful than pavilions, rockeries, sculptures, and fountains. In terms of plants, the application of native tree species should be advocated as much as possible, and the south trees should be controlled to move north and north trees to the south, and it is best to apply them after cultivation experiments, which is more secure than the introduction and transplantation of all the trees in the whole park at once.

If the natural conditions are not good, you can use the concept of garden and landscape design to use crops, seedlings and flowers, and even local waste building materials to create landscaping, 3. Layering and moderate diversity.

1) Ups and downs, different sizes, distances, and staggered. Landscapes such as mountains, meadows, plains, valleys, and lakes are God-given resources. Why is Xinjiang so beautiful?

It's because there are so many resources. The combination of large-scale farmland and terraced fields, or the combination of paddy fields and dry land, forms a reasonable spatial change, produces a sense of hierarchy and landscape, the most famous such as the Hani Terraces in Yunnan. This sense of undulation, size, and distance can not only be given by nature, but also can be artificially created with vegetation, such as:

Northern rural tourism withers in autumn and winter, and there seems to be no scenery to enjoy, so you can plant grasslands and shrubs, combined with ginkgo biloba and maple trees (follow-up care is relatively simple, and the landscape has a sense of hierarchy), enrich the three-dimensional landscape of the perennial and winter valleys, and greatly increase the future value income. Another example: a bare barren mountain, there is no scenery at all, only the green clothes in the morning can have the beauty of the mountains and forests.

The surface of a lake is monotonous, and if it is combined with waterside plants, it will look colorful. As long as it is sparse and dense, it can be staggered.

2) Diversify colors as appropriate. Taking March and April as an example, the park in the north can be dotted with red, white, yellow, green, purple and other colors, such as spring flowers, primroses (yellow), elm leaf plum (pink), magnolia flowers (white or pink), lilacs (purple); Peach blossom (red) realizes a variety of colors.