Why is Shinya Yamanaka s method of transforming stem cells into a heart so accepted?

Because it's a cure, people want to be cured.

Because this method can be used in the name of a person, it is accepted by everyone.

Because it's a way to save people's lives, it's acceptable.

I think it's because everyone has seen the effect, so that's why it's like this.

Ordinary people are naturally most concerned about their own interests, so that medical technology can be improved.

It's a good way to cure a disease, and no one doesn't want to be healthy.

Medical care has always been a major concern for the public.

"Rejuvenation" is becoming a reality in the laboratory. Biologists have developed a set of "magic potions" that can "rejuvenate" multiple somatic cell types quickly and well. After five years of research, the research team led by Pei Duanqing, a researcher at the Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, has revealed the scientific principle of chemical preparation of stem cells, providing a new scientific perspective and solutions for the research and optimization of induced pluripotent stem cells.

Unlocking the "Code String" of Cell Fate The method developed by Pei Duanqing's team to induce pluripotent stem cells with small chemical molecules only needs to "bathe" the cells with two different "potions" in turn, and the somatic cells can be "rejuvenated" to the state of pluripotent stem cells. Pluripotent stem cells are a type of cells with self-renewal and self-replication capabilities, and have the potential function of regenerating various tissues and organs. How do these magical "magic potions" induce adult cells into the pluripotent stem cell state in the early stages of embryonic development?

It has been found that the fate of the cell is controlled by the state of the chromatin, the "information center" inside the nucleus, and the sum of the open (1) and closed (0) states of the cell chromatin constitutes the state that determines the cell fate. This situation is like a computer binary "password string" that can "lock" cells into a specific state. The research team further found that the open chromatin sites of adult cells are guarded by members of the transcription factor family such as AP-1 and ETS

In stem cells, they are guarded by members of the transcription factor family such as OCT, SOX, and KLF. The "rejuvenation" of cells is the replacement process of chromatin guarded by adult cells from open to closed, and chromatin guarded by stem cells from closed to open. Pei Duanqing said that this study is the use of drugs to finely regulate the "code string" of cell chromatin, first using one group of drugs to "unlock" the somatic cell fate state, and then using another group of drugs to drive the cell fate to the state of pluripotent stem cells, and then realizing the "rejuvenation" of cell fate.

It is easy to cause cancer and has a greater risk for future clinical application. In order to induce somatic cells into pluripotent stem cells, scientists from all over the world are constantly pioneering new methods. Later, scientists used chemical small molecules to replace Yamanaka Shinya factor to induce pluripotent stem cells, but there are shortcomings such as many steps, long time, low efficiency, and unclear mechanism.

**Corresponding author.

1. Liu Jing, a researcher at the Guangzhou Institute of Biology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said that in comparison, the new method of Chinese scientists is simple, efficient, requires a small initial cell amount, and is easy to standardize, and is widely used. In addition, this protocol enables "rejuvenation" of a variety of somatic cell types, including hepatocytes, which are extremely difficult to culture in vitro.

I think it's because people see the effect, so they will accept it.

I think this is a big step forward for humanity, so everyone should accept it.

Shinya Yamanaka is one of the founders of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCell). In 2007, his research team discovered a method to induce human epidermal cells to have the characteristics of embryonic stem cell activity through experiments on mice. The stem cells induced by this method can be transformed into heart and nerve cells, providing a great aid in the study of a variety of cardiovascular terminal diseases.

The results of this study are widely used around the world because they are exempt from the ethical constraints of using human embryos to extract stem cells.

In 2006, Shinya Yamanaka and other scientists transferred four transcription factors into mouse fibroblasts through retroviral vectors to turn them into pluripotent stem cells. This means that immature cells are capable of developing into all types of cells.

Shinya Yamanaka picked out 24 of the most promising transcription factors from the results of studies that have already been published by other scientists. In the laboratory, he found that four of the 24 transcription factors could reconstitute human cells into stem cells. He injected 4 genes into ** cells, thus obtaining "cocktail" IPS cells.

It turns out that one of these 4 transcription factors is indeed "a big adventure" because this one is a transcription factor associated with cancer. A few months later, he discovered that even without using the oncogene, he was still able to reorganize cells, which greatly reduced the chance of becoming cancerous. But the newly created stem cells can still become cancerous, and in his experiments, 20 percent of the 121 mice developed tumors.

This shows that the use of retroviruses may cause gene mutations and cause tumors, etc. He said the next step in his research is to achieve cell recombination without the use of reverse transcriptase.

1) Mammalian embryonic stem cells are a type of cells isolated from early embryos or primitive gonads, and are functionally developmentally totipotent

2) The tool enzymes used to introduce the target gene into the recipient cell in genetic engineering are restriction enzyme and DNA ligase The formation of IPS shows that the four viral genes introduced can affect the gene expression in ** cells, and ** cells can induce the formation of IPS because ** cells have all the genetic information

3) Differentiation inducible factors can be added to the culture medium for the culture of IPS, which can induce the differentiation of IPS into different tissues and organs, and solve the two major problems of organ shortage and immune rejection in organ transplantation

4) In applications such as organ transfer, IPS technology does not use embryonic cells or egg cells compared to embryo-to-cell, so there are no ethical issues With IPS technology, proprietary stem cells can be prepared from the patient's own somatic cells, so there is no problem of immune rejection

So the answer is: 1) primitive gonadal totipotency.

2) Restriction enzymes and DNA ligases express the entire genetic information of the gene.

3) Differentiation inducing factors, organ shortage, immune rejection.

4) IPS technology does not use embryonic cells or egg cells, so there are no ethical issues With IPS technology, proprietary stem cells can be prepared from the patient's own somatic cells, so there will be no problem of immune rejection