What is the most basic gift of mourning throughout the ages?

The ritual of mourning mainly refers to the ceremony of paying tribute to the deceased and offering condolences to the family. Condolence means that relatives and friends mourn after receiving the obituary, and condolences to the family of the deceased, and the family of the deceased should cry the body in the room, kneel down to thank the people who come to mourn and greet them as a gift. Generally, mourners carry the clothes and quilts of the deceased, and hang them with pins and write with a brush"So-and-so"Lettering on a note.

First of all, it is necessary to set up the mourning hall. A table was placed in front of the spirit, white garments were hung, and offerings, incense burners, wax tables, and lanterns were placed on the table. Before the burial, this lantern must be guarded day and night, and it cannot be extinguished.

It is said that this lamp is the soul of the deceased. Both corpses and coffins are taboo to be parked in broad daylight. It is said that I am afraid of being called"The sun is crystal and the moon is blooming", even more afraid of offending the gods of the heavens.

Therefore, as long as a simple memorial ceremony is held, it is necessary to build a funeral booth.

The size of the funeral shed mainly depends on the pattern of the mourning courtyard. If you build a shed with only one yard, it's called"Flat shed up the top", also called"A hall", like a classical hall, with a ridge on the top. If there are two courtyards in the mourning house, you can build a greenhouse, cover both yards, the roof of the courtyard of the mourning hall is higher, and the roof of the front yard is slightly lower, so that the two roofs are integrated, the back is high and the front is low, which is called"One hall and one volume", that is, the high roof of the backyard is"Temple", the front yard has a low roof"volumes"。

So-called"Temple", which means temple; So-called"volumes", that is, the roof of the shed is full of live mats, which can be rolled up. This kind of shed has always been tightly covered with several layers of mat foil, and there is no cedar, which is not only beautiful, but also does not leak. From the appearance, it is magnificent and magnificent, like a palace, which makes people look at it, and the feeling of grief arises spontaneously.

In addition to the main shed, there must be many sheds with different uses, different names, and different sizes. Due to the large number of relatives and friends who mourn during this period, and the time is relatively concentrated, the festival may be crowded, and even the number will not be available. Therefore, one or more sacrificial tents should be erected in other courtyards, and those distant relatives and friends who came to mourn were led to this kind of tent to offer sacrifices.

There are also sheds used to set up official seats, so that guests can rest, drink tea, and eat.

The next step is to hold the hanging ceremony. This is one of the most pompous rituals.

The mourning dress system is mainly based on a certain blood relationship to divide the severity of mourning and filial piety, and its essence is to maintain the patriarchal system. The Son of Heaven is the supreme in the world, so the officials and the people should serve the Son of Heaven and keep filial piety, the patriarchal authority is in a dominant position, and the filial piety of the paternal line is more important than the filial piety of the maternal line. Men are inferior to women, so the filial piety of a man for a woman (such as a son as a mother, husband as a wife) is lighter than that of a woman for a man (such as a wife for the husband and the husband's parents).

The descendants are respectful and humble, so the filial piety of the collection line is more important than the filial piety of the family. The hierarchical principles of these mourning dress systems are consistent with the spirit of feudal etiquette, and objectively play a role in consolidating the feudal order, and its actual function has far exceeded the funeral itself, because of this, the mourning dress system has been vigorously promoted by the feudal rulers throughout the history, and has had a huge impact on social life, becoming an important part of Chinese etiquette and culture.

Qi decay clothes, lighter than the decay clothes, also made of burlap, but the material of the full set of mourning clothes is slightly thinner than the decay clothes, Qi is the edge of the clothes by sewing and showing the meaning of neatness, the production of Qi decay clothes in addition to the edge, other shapes are similar to the decay, but the rod is made of paulownia wood, called the cutting rod. There are three years of service period, one year and three months, and one year is divided into two types: "cane" (with a cane) and "no cane" (without a cane). The three-year period of Qi decay is used when the father dies first, the son and the unmarried daughter are the mother, and the mother is the eldest son.

The Qi decay rod period is used when the father is alive, the son and the unmarried daughter are the mother, and the husband is the wife. The scope of application of the Qi decay period is wider, for grandparents, uncles and parents, brothers and unmarried sisters, for the concubines, for the sons of brothers, for the grandchildren, for the sons of their own parents, for the married daughters for their parents, for the sons who remarry with their mothers for their stepfathers, for the daughters-in-law, for the concubines for the wife, etc., all of which are subject to this filial piety. Qi decay March clothes are mainly for great-grandparents special clothes, mourning clothes and Qi decay without a cane period is basically the same ("mourning clothes" did not formulate the great-grandson for the great-grandparents' mourning clothes, later generations will compare the great-grandfather to the great-grandfather, also for Qi decay March clothes), in addition, the general clan members are the sons of the sect, but also Qi decay March clothes.

The Murder Rite, one of the Western Friday Rites, refers to a series of rituals related to the funeral, which not only includes the funeral inside, but also some other rituals related to disasters.

Zhou Li, Chunguan, and Dazongbo recorded: "Mourn the worries of the country with fierce rites, mourn death with funeral rites, mourn murderous deeds with desolation rites, mourn disasters with condolences to land judgments, mourn defeat with salutes, and mourn chaos with compassionate rites."

The murderous rite is not only an ordinary condolence and mourning, but also mainly for some disasters that have suffered the country. The former may be a major part of the lives of ordinary people, while the latter is quite important at the national level.

1 is a ritual of mourning and condolences for various unfortunate events. Including the return to the mountain funeral, the desert ceremony, the condolence ceremony, the compassionate ceremony.

2.Specifically refers to funerals.