The social and economic recovery and development in the early Ming Dynasty

In the early Ming Dynasty, Ming Taizu.

We have implemented a policy of recuperation and recuperation, encouraged the reclamation of land and the cultivation of farmland, and achieved social and economic recovery and development. The level of agricultural production in the Ming Dynasty surpassed that of the previous Ming Dynasty's handicraft production such as textile, porcelain, and iron smelting, and the scale was larger and the technology was more advanced. Commerce and cities in the Ming Dynasty enjoyed unprecedented prosperity.

in the commodity economy.

On the basis of development, in the middle and late Ming Dynasty, capitalist production relations arose in some handicraft production sectors in some regions.

of the sprout. Gangnam area.

The silk weaving handicraft workshop is a typical representative.

2 The economy of the Ming Dynasty and the emergence of the germ of capitalism.

1) Economic recovery in the early Ming Dynasty: The reason why the rulers of the early Ming Dynasty practiced "peace and rest". Ming Taizu's measures to restore agricultural production. The effectiveness of the implementation of the measures.

2) New developments in agriculture: Increasing rice yields. Introduction of new varieties of crops. Cash crop.

of extensive planting.

3) Prosperity of the handicraft industry: the textile industry. Porcelain industry. Iron smelting and mining.

4) Commodity economy activity: A large number of agricultural and handicraft products are put into the market. More than 30 larger cities have emerged across the country. Become a currency in general circulation.

5) The emergence of the handicraft workshop: the germ of capitalist relations of production. Nationally, a self-sufficient natural economy.

Still dominant.

6) A whip method.

At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, in order to stabilize the society and increase financial revenue, Ming Taizu implemented a policy of rest and recuperation, so that the social economy was restored and developed.

In agriculture, new varieties have been introduced and popularized, so that crop yields have increased and varieties have increased.

In terms of handicrafts, the technology of textile, porcelain, mining, and smelting has been greatly improved compared with the previous generation.

the development of agriculture and handicrafts; It has promoted the vitality of the commodity economy.

The economic development of the Ming and Qing dynasties is mainly manifested in:

1.Agriculture: New species introduced from abroad during the Ming Dynasty such as corn, sweet potato, potato, peanut and sunflower.

2.Handicrafts:

1) The cotton textile industry has been pushed from the south to the north in the Ming Dynasty.

2) Suzhou was the center of the silk weaving industry in the Ming Dynasty, and Nanjing came later.

3) Jingdezhen is the center of porcelain making (blue and white porcelain) in the country, which sells well at home and abroad.

3.Commerce: During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the commodity economy was unprecedentedly active. Beijing and Nanjing are the best cities in the country.

4.Capitalism in its infancy:

After the middle of the Ming Dynasty, in the textile industry in Suzhou, Songjiang and other places, there were many machine households for the purpose of producing goods.

They opened a machine room and hired mechanics for production, and there was a production method of "machine owners contribute, and machine workers contributed". The machine owner was the early capitalist, and the machine worker was the early wage worker. This relationship of employment and employment between them is a capitalist relationship of production.

The Ming Dynasty was one of the important periods of economic development in Chinese history, and many measures were taken to develop the economy. Among them, the more important measures include:

1.Maritime ban policy: The Ming Dynasty implemented a 270-year maritime ban policy, prohibiting private people and merchants from going to sea without permission, and restricting foreign affairs to only be run by the government, so as to protect the domestic industry, manufacturing and maritime shipping industry to develop rapidly.

2.Bao'en warehouse system: The Ming Dynasty implemented the Bao'en Cang system, ** set up Bao'en Cang in the capital and provinces, which was used to store goods and funds, and then lent them to the people at low interest rates, which promoted the development of local economy and commerce.

3.The ship system: The Ming Dynasty also implemented the ship system, which was used for relief to the victims and the purchase of means of production, and dispersed the local surplus funds, which promoted the development of the country.

4.Revitalization of handicraft industry: The Ming Dynasty also promoted the development of the manufacturing industry through the support and emphasis on the handicraft industry.

These measures promoted the economic prosperity and development of the Ming Dynasty to a certain extent.

The measures taken by the Ming Dynasty to develop the economy included: (1) prohibiting the possession of slaves and restricting the way of monks; and (2) the enhancement of the personal freedom of peasants and craftsmen. The tenants of the Yuan Dynasty were relieved of their status as untouchables in the Ming Dynasty and obtained the status of good citizens.

Craftsmen are divided into two types: "shift craftsmen" and "resident craftsmen", which reduce the length of service; (3) Reward land reclamation, encourage farmers to plant cash crops, and vigorously build water conservancy; (4) Implement the Tuntian policy. During the Ming Dynasty, Taizu implemented the Tuntian policy. It is a mintun to move people from areas with little land and many people to areas with vast and sparsely populated land to engage in farming.

Travel expenses, cattle, seeds and farm tools are issued by **, and no taxes are levied for three years; The soldiers of the guard station are self-sufficient, that is, the military tun, and they must also be taxed proportionally; In order to solve the shortage of military food in the border areas, Shangtun was set up; (5) Census of the population, clearing of land, and establishment of a service atlas.