What is called a landslide of a rock slope, the form of a sliding surface of a rock slope

1. The landslide of the rock slope is: the overall sliding of the rock mass in the rock slope along the weak structural plane of the rock mass under the action of gravity.

2. The sliding form can be divided into plane sliding, wedge sliding and rotary sliding.

Before the breakthrough fracture surface appears in the rock slope, the change characteristics of the slope are deformation. The characteristics of the slope after the occurrence of the penetrating rupture surface belong to the failure characteristics. Its development process is: loosening of the slope and nearby rock mass (also known as relaxation and tension cracking) - creep of the rock mass - accelerated creep - failure.

Among them, the features of the first three steps are all deformation features, and the characteristics of the last step are the failure features.

The landslide of rock slope refers to the natural phenomenon that the soil or rock mass on the slope is affected by factors such as river erosion, groundwater activity, rainwater soaking, and artificial slope cutting, and under the action of gravity, along a certain weak surface or weak zone, as a whole or scattered, down the slope. The moving rock (soil) body is called the displacement body or slip body, and the unmoved underlying rock (soil) body is called the sliding bed.

1. Divide according to the thickness of the landslide body.

shallow landslides; mid-layer landslides;

deep landslides; Ultra-deep landslides.

Second, the scale of the landslide is divided.

small landslides; medium-sized landslides;

large landslides; Giant landslides.

3. Divided according to the age of formation.

new landslides; paleolandslides;

old landslides; is developing a landslide

Fourth, according to the mechanical conditions.

trailed landslides;

Push landslides.

5. Divided according to the relationship between the sliding surface and the rock mass structural plane.

similar soil landslides;

stratified landslides; Slice landslides.

6. Classification by structure.

layered structure landslide;

block-structure landslides;

Mass-fissure structure landslides.

Affected by factors such as river erosion, groundwater activities, rainwater soaking, and artificial slope cutting, the rock mass slides down the slope as a whole or scattered along a certain weak surface or weak zone under the action of gravity. It can be divided into plane sliding, wedge sliding and rotary sliding.

The sliding surface of the soil slope is mainly sliding surface and branch sliding surface. The sliding surface is usually steep up and gentle at the bottom, almost arc-shaped. Sometimes there is only one, sometimes there can be several, so it can be divided into the main sliding surface and the branch sliding surface.

Polished surfaces and scratches can be clearly seen on the sliding surface. Sometimes there are obvious disturbances and drag folds on the sliding surface, which constitute the sliding belt. The immovable body (parent) below the sliding surface is called the landslide bed.

Some landslides do not have obvious sliding surfaces, and there is a soft plastic sliding zone on top of the landslide bed.

When the force on the rock slope is too large or the rock strength is too low, a part of the rock mass slides downward or outward, which is called landslide. There are three types of sliding surfaces of rock slopes: soft structural planes; structural planes; In rock mass.

The basic condition for the occurrence of landslide is that there is a sliding space in front of the slope body and a cutting surface on both sides. For example, in southwest China, especially in the hilly and mountainous areas of southwest China, the most basic topographic features are that there are many mountains, steep mountains, loose soil structure, easy to accumulate water, and valleys and rivers are all over the mountains, cutting each other from each other, thus forming many slopes and cutting surfaces with sufficient sliding space.

Hazardous landslides often cause huge losses to industrial and agricultural production as well as people's lives and property, and some even devastating disasters.

The main hazards of landslides to rural areas are the destruction of farmland, houses, harm to people and livestock, destruction of forests, roads, agricultural machinery and facilities, water conservancy and hydropower facilities, etc., and sometimes even cause devastating disasters to rural areas.

Landslides located in towns often bury houses, people and animals, destroy fields, destroy factories, schools, government agencies, etc., and destroy various facilities, causing power outages, water outages, work stoppages, and sometimes even entire towns.

Landslides that occur in industrial and mining areas can destroy mine facilities, workers, destroy plants, and stop work and production, often causing heavy losses.

1. The landslide of the rocky slope of the rock hall is that the rock mass in the rock slope is under the action of gravity, and the overall sliding of the rock mass along the weak structural plane of the rock mass is generated.

2. The slippery and dynamic form can be divided into plane sliding, wedge sliding and rotary sliding.

Answer]: A knowledge point: slope stability;

The structure type of rock mass, the occurrence of structural plane and its relationship with slope are the controlling factors of rock mass slope stability. According to the relationship between structure and slope, the layered rock slope is divided into horizontal layered rock slope, forward trending layered rock slope and anti-trending layered rock slope.

Among them, the accord slope of the inclined stratiform rock section is divided into: structural plane dip angle and slope angle, which produces the most stable and most common landslide. The inclination angle of the structural plane is relatively stable.

At the same time, the stability of the forward slope is worse than that of the reverse slope, so the stability of the slope in item A is the worst and the slide is the most likely to occur.

What is the characteristic of sliding is that the slope rock mass slides along a certain structural layer joint or section layer: the pro-plane sliding is characterized by the slope rock mass sliding along a certain structural layer Liang answer land surface joint or section layer sliding as follows: its characteristic is that the slope rock mass slides along a certain structural plane such as a layer, joint or fault plane, which usually occurs in the sliding surface of the slope surface The inclination angle of the sliding surface is less than the slope angle, but due to its internal friction angle of the layered or clay interlayered rock mass, It can also occur in rock masses with thick fracture zones.

Answer: b

This question examines common engineering geological problems and how to deal with them. Sedimentary rock slopes containing clayey shale, mudstone, coal seams, marls, gypsum and other interlayers are most likely to have sliding limbs along the bed, or the collapse of the upper rock mass due to the lower worm slippage.

Answer]: B sedimentary rock slopes containing clay-deficient shale, mudstone, coal seams, marls, gypsum, etc., are most likely to slide along the collapse layer, or collapse of the upper rock mass due to the creep of the lower part. See Chapter I, Section 4, p17.

Key points of assessment]: The influence of the size of the stratum lithogram on the stability of the slope.

Answer]: B textbook p23

This question examines slope stability. For sedimentary rock slopes containing interbedded shale, mudstone, coal seam, marl, gypsum and other interlayers with silver soil, it is most likely to occur along the strata or collapse of the upper rock mass due to the creep of the lower part.