How to make a leaf vein bookmark, how to make a leaf vein bookmark

Preparation of leaf vein specimens.

Leaf vein specimens can be used as teaching aids, because the specimens are beautiful, and are often used as bookmarks, so leaf vein specimens are also called leaf vein bookmarks. The specific production method is as follows:

1) Cooking method.

Choose leaves with thick, fine veins and thick mesophyll for later use. Use a beaker to hold 200ml of water, put 5g of sodium carbonate and 7g of sodium hydroxide in the water, and heat it on the fire. After boiling, put the leaves into the cup and boil for about 10min.

In this process, the blades are gently swung with tweezers so that the blades are evenly corroded. After boiling, the leaves are clamped out, put in a glass jar filled with water, brush off the part of the leaf veins other than the leaf veins with a soft-bristled toothbrush (preferably a bristle toothbrush), expose the leaf veins, and then release the bleaching liquid to bleaching (that is, 8g of bleaching powder is dissolved in 40ml of water, and then 6g of potassium carbonate is dissolved in 30ml of boiling water, then the two liquids are mixed and shaken, and 100ml of water is added after cooling, and it becomes bleach after filtration). After bleaching, the vein specimen can be dyed in a variety of colors as needed.

2) Decay method.

Soak the above-mentioned leaves suitable for making leaf vein specimens in water, taking care to place the soaking device in a warm place, so that bacteria can be used to rot the part of the leaf other than the leaf vein. The next steps are the same as the cooking method. When the water rots, it should be noted that the water should be changed when the immersion is smelly.

This method takes a long time to make, but it is simple and easy to implement.

Use the leaves of osmanthus (other leaves are not as good as osmanthus), boil them in sodium hydroxide solution for a while, then carefully peel off the mesophyll with tweezers or a small brush, and then stain them with colored ink. I did it when I was in high school.

How to make a leaf vein bookmark, here's how:

The leaf vein bookmark is a beautiful handicraft, but many tutorials on how to make it mention a chemical corrosive product, sodium hydroxide, which is dangerous and difficult to handle. Teach you how to use laundry detergent to make beautiful leaf vein bookmarks at home.

1. Select leaves with hard leaves, low water content and obvious veins, such as heather, privet, etc. Do not use forked veins (e.g., ginkgo). It is necessary to select the old leaves, and the new leaves are tender and difficult to make.

When picking, it should be done in the depths of the paper. But don't pick up old dry leaves.

Choose leaves that are free of insect eyes and diseased spots. Choose leaves with a smooth and smooth leaf surface. You can pick the old leaves that are naturally red.

2. Rinse with water until there is no debris on the surface, and use a stiff brush to pretreat the leaves. With the back of the leaf facing up, place a brush on it and press firmly several times until dark green ecchymoses appear on the leaf surface, thereby destroying the epidermal cells of the leaf. Be careful not to break the blades.

3. Prepare the pot, pour in about two tablespoons of laundry detergent, and add water until just dissolved. Add the leaves and boil without a lid for about 30 minutes, until the leaves turn dark yellow or brownish-green, stop the fire, and the water temperature is reduced to below 30 degrees Celsius. Remove the leaves and rinse off the surface of the laundry detergent until it no longer feels slippery.

4. Press the petiole with one hand and use a stiff brush with the other hand to smash the leaf vertically, you need to use a little force, but be careful not to move the leaf to break it. The veins of the leaves are observed to appear, and the mesophyll stops knocking on the leaves after most of them have fallen, and the leaves are translucent. Rinse with water and gently remove any remaining mesophyll with your hands or a soft-bristled brush.

Be careful not to damage the leaves.

5. On a platform with a small amount of water, spread the leaves flat, and use a soft brush to brush off the fine mesophyll. Some leaves will have the veins separated, just carefully peel off the softer veins. Rinse again and lay flat on a plate and blot dry with toilet paper or handkerchief.

6. (Optional) Use basic dyes for dyeing. Of course, it is also possible to choose dark red leaves in advance, and the bookmark that comes out of this way will also have a hint of red. After drying to semi-dry, spread it on cardboard or waste books, absorb excess water with toilet paper, and place it in a windy place to dry naturally.

After drying, gently peel off, expose to the sun for dehydration, and a beautiful leaf vein bookmark is complete!

You try the following method If you want it to be difficult to break, you have to follow the steps, alkali block. Foliage. A fine-bristled toothbrush will do. The above method is relatively simple.

1.Pick the leaves back.

2.Put the leaves and base cubes together and cook for a while.

3.Once the leaves are cooked, remove them and gently scrape off the green color on the surface with a fine-bristled toothbrush.

4.So that's all that's left is a transparent leaf.

5.Finally, it is good to dry it in a well-ventilated place (not too much sunlight).

First of all, a brief introduction to the structure of the blades:

The outer surface of the leaf is surrounded by a layer of epidermal cells, which has the effect of protecting the leaf. Inside the epidermis are mesophyll tissues containing chlorophyll particles that can be photosynthesized. Running between the mesophyll tissues are the veins composed of conductive tissues and mechanical tissues.

The leaf vein bookmark is to remove the epidermis and mesophyll tissue, and only make the leaf veins. On the bookmark, you can see that the middle of a thicker leaf vein is called the main vein, and there are many smaller branches on the main vein called the lateral vein; The lateral veins are divided into smaller branches called fine veins. In this way, the whole leaf vein system is connected into a network structure.

Dye this reticulated vein in various colors, tie a ribbon, and it becomes a beautiful vein bookmark.

Now let's introduce the whole process of making leaf vein bookmarks: usually leathery leaves, such as the leaves of osmanthus trees and beech plants, can be used. The leaves are of the appropriate size, not mutilated, and the leaves are better to be older and not too tender.

After the leaves are harvested, put them in a beaker (as shown in Figure 1), add 10 15 sodium hydroxide aqueous solution (until the leaves are submerged), heat and boil for 10 15 minutes (as shown in Figure 2), take them out, lay them flat on a plastic gauze, and rinse them with tap water (as shown in Figure 3). The epidermis and mesophyll tissue of the leaves are dispersed after the above treatment, and they are washed away by tap water, leaving behind the reticulate leaf veins. After the leaf veins are rinsed, they are scooped up and placed flat on absorbent paper, dried and flattened, and then placed in a dye vat for dyeing.

After taking it out, a colored ribbon is tied to the base of the thick leaf vein, and the leaf vein bookmark is made.

How to make leaf vein bookmarks is as follows:

1. Ding Before that, we must understand the principle, not blindly.

2. The principle of making leaf vein bookmarks is not complicated, that is, sodium hydroxide corrodes **, clothing and some polysaccharides, but has no corrosive effect on fibers. Normally, the mesophyll in the leaves contains a large amount of polysaccharide substances, such as starch, etc., which will decay when exposed to corrosive liquids, and heat to make them decay faster.

3. Therefore, some leaves with hard leaves and tough veins can be made into bookmarks. Hydrogen peroxide is used for bleaching, sterilization and antiseptic, which can make bookmarks last longer.

Production process: 1. Prepare hard leaves (such as osmanthus tree leaves), heating devices, old toothbrushes, tweezers, watercolor paints, sodium hydroxide or edible alkali (% hydrogen peroxide is sold in general pharmacies.)

2. Heat the blades and remove the mesophyll. In the heating device you can find (try not to use a rice cooker), put sodium hydroxide and water in a ratio of 1:9, heat for about 10 minutes, stirring with tweezers while heating, to prevent uneven heating and overlapping blades; After the solution in the heating device becomes similar to the color of traditional Chinese medicine, gently take it out with tweezers (be careful not to drip the liquid onto ** in this process, and although the alkalinity is not very strong at this time, try to avoid long-term contact with the alkali**) Put it on the glass, and gently brush the front and back of the leaf with an old toothbrush in running water to remove the mesophyll of the leaf, leaving a clearly visible leaf vein.

3. Put only the leaves with the leaf veins into 3% hydrogen peroxide (the height of hydrogen peroxide must not be over the leaves) and soak for 24 hours to achieve the bleaching effect, then wash with water, and dry it to a semi-wet state to paint the color you like, and finally clip it in the old book to be absorbed dry, at this time the leaf vein bookmark is basically finalized, and finally according to personal preferences, you can add plastic and tie ribbons for the bookmark by yourself At this point, the production of the leaf vein bookmark is completed.

The method of making leaf bookmarks is shown in the following figure:

1. Prepare a few freshly picked leaves.

2. Prepare a packet of edible soda.

3. Put the leaves in the boiler.

4. Sprinkle edible alkali on the surface of the leaves.

5. Add water over the leaves and cover the pot, bring to a boil over high heat, and then simmer.

6. When the color of the water in the pot becomes darker, open the lid.

7. Take out the leaves and brush them repeatedly with a soft brush, with light strength.

8. After brushing out the veins of the leaves, it can be dried.

9. After drying, the leaf bookmark is completed.