What are the types of rock mass sensors used in China?

Miniature Sensors Preferred by MedlonIn the industrial sensor industry, which is dominated by electrical sensors, it has developed a "precision mechanical sensor" that has no precedent in the world. It can perform high precision even in harsh environments with coolant and chip splashing, and has more than 50 domestic and foreign patents with a high degree of originality. In the machine tool industry, the "tool setter" for detecting tool tip wear has been used by more than 93 machine tool manufacturers in 17 countries around the world, and has an excellent market share in the world.

It contributes to improving the accuracy and reducing costs of various industrial machinery, such as automobiles, machine tools, semiconductors, robots, medical devices, and smartphone manufacturing. By not imitating the product development of other companies, it supports global production in obscurity.

According to the working principle of the sensor, it can be divided into two categories: physical sensors and chemical sensors.

The application areas and operating principles of common sensors are listed in the table below.

1. Sensors are classified according to their uses:

Pressure-sensitive and force-sensitive sensors.

Position sensors.

Level sensors.

Energy consumption sensors.

Speed sensor.

Accelerometers.

Radiation sensors.

Thermal sensors.

24GHz radar sensor.

2. Sensors are classified according to their principles:

Vibration sensors.

Moisture sensitive sensors.

Magnetic sensors.

Gas sensors.

Vacuum sensors.

biosensors, etc.

3. The sensor is classified according to its output signal

Analog Sensors – Convert measured non-electrical quantities into analog electrical signals.

Digital Sensors – Convert measured non-electrical quantities into digital output signals (both direct and indirect).

Digital sensors – the output (including direct or indirect conversion) that converts the measured signal quantity into a frequency signal or a short-period signal.

Switching Sensors – When a measured signal reaches a certain threshold, the sensor outputs a set low or high signal accordingly.

4. Sensors are classified according to their materials

Under the influence of external factors, all materials react accordingly and characteristically. Those of them that are most sensitive to external effects, i.e. those with functional properties, are used to make the sensitive elements of the sensor. From the point of view of the material applied, sensors can be divided into the following categories:

1) According to the type of material used.

Metal polymers.

Ceramic mixtures.

2) According to the physical properties of the material:

Conductor insulators.

Semiconductor magnetic materials.

3) According to the crystal structure of the material:

Monocrystalline and multicrystalline. Amorphous materials.

1) Explore new phenomena, effects, and reactions in known materials and then enable them to be used in sensor technology.

2) Explore new materials and apply known phenomena, effects, and reactions to improve sensor technology.

3) Explore new phenomena, new effects and reactions on the basis of research on new materials, and implement them in sensor technology.

The progress of modern sensor manufacturing depends on the intensity of the development of new materials and sensitive components for sensor technology. The basic trend in sensor development is closely related to the use of semiconductors and dielectric materials. Some of the materials that can be used in sensor technology to convert the form of energy are given in the table.

5. Sensors are classified according to their manufacturing processes

Integrated sensors.

Thin-film sensors.

Thick film sensors.

Ceramic sensors.

Pressure sensing.

Sensors, temperature and humidity sensors, temperature sensors, flow sensors, liquid level sensors, ultrasonic sensors, water immersion sensors, illuminance sensors, photoelectric sensors are sensors that use photoelectric components as detection elements. A load cell is actually a device that converts a mass signal into a measurable electrical signal output.

Transducer sensor is a detection device that can feel the measured information, and can transform the felt information into electrical signals or other required forms of information output according to a certain law, so as to meet the requirements of information transmission, processing, storage, display, recording and control.

The characteristics of the sensor include: miniaturization, digitization, intelligence, multi-function, systematization, and networking. It is the first link to realize automatic detection and automatic control.

The existence and development of sensors allow objects to have senses such as touch, taste, and smell, allowing objects to slowly become alive. It is usually divided into ten categories: thermal elements, photosensitive elements, gas-sensitive elements, force-sensitive elements, magnetic sensitive elements, moisture-sensitive elements, acoustic components, radiation-sensitive elements, color-sensitive elements and taste-sensitive elements according to their basic sensing functions.

In modern industrial production, especially in the automated production process, various sensors should be used to monitor and control various parameters in the production process, so that the equipment works in a normal state or the best state, and the products can reach the best quality. Therefore, it can be said that without a large number of excellent sensors, modern production will lose its foundation.

In basic discipline research, sensors have a more prominent position. The development of modern science and technology has entered many new fields: for example, it is necessary to observe the vast universe of thousands of light years on the macroscopic scale, the particle world as small as fm on the microscopic level, the evolution of celestial bodies as long as hundreds of thousands of years in the longitudinal direction, and the instantaneous reaction as short as s.

In addition, there are also various extreme technologies that play an important role in deepening the understanding of matter, developing new energy and new materials, such as ultra-high temperature, ultra-low temperature, ultra-high pressure, ultra-high vacuum, ultra-strong magnetic field, ultra-weak magnetic field, and so on. Obviously, it is impossible to obtain a large amount of information that cannot be directly obtained by the human senses without appropriate sensors. The obstacle to many basic scientific research is the difficulty in obtaining object information, and the emergence of some new mechanisms and high-sensitivity detection sensors often leads to breakthroughs in this field.

The development of some sensors is often the forerunner of the development of some marginal disciplines.

Classification of sensors.

Sensors can be classified from different points of view: their conversion principle (the basic physical or chemical effects of the sensor's operation); their uses; The type of output signal they are and the materials and processes used to make them, etc.

According to the working principle of the sensor, it can be divided into two categories: physical sensors and chemical sensors.

Classification of the working principle of the sensorPhysical sensor is the application of physical effects, such as piezoelectric effect, magnetostriction phenomenon, ionization, polarization, thermoelectric, photoelectric, magnetoelectric and other effects. Small changes in the amount of the measured signal are converted into electrical signals.

Chemical sensors include those that cause and effect phenomena such as chemical adsorption and electrochemical reactions, and small changes in the amount of the measured signal will also be converted into electrical signals.

Some sensors cannot be classified as either physical or chemical. Most sensors operate on the basis of physical principles. There are many technical problems with chemical sensors, such as reliability problems, the possibility of large-scale production, and the most advanced problems, etc., and if such problems are solved, the application of chemical sensors will grow tremendously.

The application areas and operating principles of common sensors are listed in the table.

According to their use, sensors can be classified as:

Pressure-sensitive and force-sensitive sensors.

According to the input physical quantity, it can be divided into: displacement transfer.

Sensors, pressure sensors, speed sensors, temperature sensors, gas sensors, etc.

According to the working principle, it can be divided into: resistive type, inductive type, capacitive type and potential type.

According to the nature of the output signal, it can be divided into: analog sensor and digital sensor. That is, the analog sensor outputs an analog signal, and the digital sensor outputs a digital signal.

According to the principle of energy conversion, it can be divided into: active sensor and passive sensor. Active sensors convert non-electric electricity into electrical energy, such as electromotive force, charge sensors, etc.; Passive program sensors do not have the function of energy conversion, but only the amount of non-electric power to be measured into electrical parameters, such as resistive, inductive, and capacitive radiant sensors.

Electromagnetic magnetic sensors.

Hall current (voltage) sensors.

Ultrasonic acoustic sensors.

Fiber laser sensors.

Ranging distance sensor.

Visual image sensor.

Microwave sensors.

Light grating: Light curtain sensor.

Pressure Weighing Force (Sensitive) Sensors.

Torque torque sensor.

Temperature, humidity, temperature and humidity sensors.

Automotive sensors.

Velocity Accelerometer.

Gas sensitive smoke sensors.

Level Liquid level sensor.

Vibration proximity displacement sensor.

Flow sensors.

Wind speed, wind direction, and air volume sensor.

Angle Inclination sensor.

Red (ultraviolet) radiation sensor.

Color Scale: Color sensor.

Flame (alarm) sensor.

Biosensor.

Piezoelectric sensors.

Fuel level sensor.

Rotation sensor.

Area sensors.

High pressure sensors.

Differential pressure sensor.

Length sensor.

Resistive, capacitive, inductive sensors.

Analyze the sensor.

Conductivity sensors.

Ion sensors.

Hardness sensor.

Density sensors.

Inertial sensors.

MEMS sensors.

Wireless sensors.

Smart sensors.

Metal Oxidation Sensor.

Gyroscope other sensors.

Hello. I'm a technician at Sparttop Electronics. Commonly used solid materials are insulating sleeves.

Insulating paper, laminates, erasers, plastics, paints, glass, ceramics, mica, etc. Commonly used liquid materials are transformer oil, etc. In gaseous materials, air, nitrogen, sulfur hexafluoride and so on are used more.

Insulating material: The material composed of a substance with a resistivity of 109 1022 cm is called an insulating material in electrical technology, also known as a dielectric. Simply put, it is a material that isolates a charged body from other parts.

The insulating material has a very large resistance to the DC current, under the action of the DC voltage, except for a very small surface leakage current, it is actually almost non-conductive, and for the AC current, there is a capacitive current passing through, but it is also considered to be non-conductive. The greater the resistivity of the insulating material, the better the insulating properties.

Gravity induction, magnetic induction, light induction, temperature induction, chemical induction, etc.

The output signal of the Hall sensor is: 1 and 0;

The electromagnetic sensor output signal can be any measurable value, not necessarily just 1 and 0; Can wait.

Laser displacement sensors, distance sensors, eddy current sensors, length sensors, diameter sensors, etc.

According to different classification standards, there are different types, such as classification by use (temperature sensor, displacement sensor), classification by principle (eddy current sensor), classification by output signal, classification by manufacturing process, classification by form of action, classification according to its composition, etc.

They are distinguished according to certain characteristics of the medium to be measured, such as temperature sensors, pressure sensors, flow sensors, level sensors, (angular velocity) sensors, etc.

It can be distinguished according to the principle, such as eddy current, laser, and according to the measurement results, proximity switches, 1D, 2D, 3D scanning, vision, etc., you can go and see if there are real ones.

Find a sensor company to log on to their official website, and there is an introduction on the official website.

You can look up ZSY, there are many kinds of displacement sensor information on it.

You can consult the sensor company or log on to their official website to take a look, such as Shenzhen Zhenshang company.

Main points: temperature sensor, flow sensor, pressure sensor, level sensor. Around: actuators, analytical instruments.

Load cells, displacement sensors, torque sensors, pressure sensors, inclination sensors, etc.

Depends on what you're asking for. Generally sound-light power.

According to the different signal forms, the speed sensor can be divided into two types: analog and digital.

A sensor that converts the rotational speed of a rotating object into an electrical output. Rotational speed sensors are indirect measuring devices that can be manufactured using mechanical, electrical, magnetic, optical, and hybrid methods.

The output signal value of the former is a linear function of the rotational speed, and the output signal frequency of the latter is directly proportional to the rotational speed, or its signal peak interval is inversely proportional to the rotational speed.

The open-circuit speed sensor (Fig. 4a) has a relatively simple structure and a small output signal, so it is not suitable for use in situations with severe vibration. A closed-circuit speed sensor consists of an external gear, an internal gear, a coil, and a permanent magnet mounted on a rotating shaft (Fig. 4b).

Depending on the material used, sensors can be divided into:

1.Metal sensors.

2.Polymer sensors.

3.Ceramic sensors.

4.Mixture sensors.

Sensors are: load cell, pressure sensor, speed sensor, acceleration sensor, torque sensor, temperature sensor, displacement sensor, temperature and humidity sensor. gas sensors, etc.

Tang Shuofei "Principles of Computer Composition Learning Guidance and Exercise Answers" 0 pages Question A system samples the input data, and every time the input data is extracted, the CPU will interrupt the processing once, and put the sampled data into the buffer reserved in the memory, and the interrupt processing will take x seconds. In addition, for every n pieces of data stored in the buffer, it takes y seconds for the main program to take it out for processing. It can be seen that the system can track interrupt requests per second AN (n*x+y) bn (x+y)n cmin[ x, n y].